Due to the intrinsic advantages of nontoxicity, low-cost, and abundant resource of metallic zinc, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted universal interest [1,2]. Tremendous cathode materials have been explo...Due to the intrinsic advantages of nontoxicity, low-cost, and abundant resource of metallic zinc, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted universal interest [1,2]. Tremendous cathode materials have been exploited in aqueous ZIBs, such as manganese-based materials [3-11], Co-based materials [12,13] and vanadium-based materials [14-21].展开更多
This letter reports the synthesis of Schiff base calix[4]arene crowns containing m-xylylene phenol subunit, in which calix[4]arene Schiff base crowns 2a, 2b and 2c were formed by 1:1 condensation of calix[4]arene diam...This letter reports the synthesis of Schiff base calix[4]arene crowns containing m-xylylene phenol subunit, in which calix[4]arene Schiff base crowns 2a, 2b and 2c were formed by 1:1 condensation of calix[4]arene diamine 1 with dialdehydes (2, 6-diformyl-4-chlorophenol 3a, 2, 6-diformyl-4-methylphenol 3b, 2, 6-diformyl-4-tert-butylphenol 3c) under high dilute condition in refluxing anhydrous ethanol in 65-70% yield.展开更多
We do a new Li-ion battery evaluation research on the effects of cell resistance and polariza- tion on the energy loss in batteries based on thermal property and heat generation behavior of battery. Series of 18650 ce...We do a new Li-ion battery evaluation research on the effects of cell resistance and polariza- tion on the energy loss in batteries based on thermal property and heat generation behavior of battery. Series of 18650 cells with different capacities and electrode materials are evalu- ated by measuring input and output energy which change with charge-discharge time and current. Based on the results of these tests, we build a model of energy loss in cells＇ charge- discharge process, which include Joule heat and polarization heat impact factors. It was reported that Joule heat was caused by cell resistance, which included De-resistance and reaction resistance, and reaction resistance could not be easily obtained through routine test method. Using this new method, we can get the total resistance R and the polarization parameter U. The relationship between R, η, and temperature is also investigated in order to build a general model for series of different Li-ion batteries, and the research can be used in the performance evaluation, state of charge prediction and the measuring of consistency of the batteries.展开更多
The interfacial behaviors of the non-typical amphiphilic compound p-methylphenylazocalix[4]arene 1 and p-chlorophenylazocalix[4]arene 2 at the air/water interface and photochromism in the Langmuir-Blodgett films were ...The interfacial behaviors of the non-typical amphiphilic compound p-methylphenylazocalix[4]arene 1 and p-chlorophenylazocalix[4]arene 2 at the air/water interface and photochromism in the Langmuir-Blodgett films were studied by surface pressure-area isotherm and UV-Vis spectra. The results indicate that they can form stable monolayers at the air / water interface although they have no hydrophobic alkyl chains, and their LB film underwent reversible trans-cis photoisomerization on UV and daylight illumination.展开更多
Deep learning algorithm emerges as a new method to take the raw features from large dataset and mine their deep implicit relations,which is promising for solving traditional physical challenges.A particularly intricat...Deep learning algorithm emerges as a new method to take the raw features from large dataset and mine their deep implicit relations,which is promising for solving traditional physical challenges.A particularly intricate and difficult challenge is the energy loss mechanism of energetic ions in solid,where accurate prediction of stopping power is a longtime problem.In this work,we develop a deep-learning-based stopping power model with high overall accuracy,and overcome the long-standing deficiency of the existing classical models by improving the predictive accuracy of stopping power for ultra-heavy ion with low energy,and the corresponding projected range.This electronic stopping power model,based on deep learning algorithm,could be hopefully applied for the study of ion-solid interaction mechanism and enormous relevant applications.展开更多
We present a simple and reliable method,based on the over-barrier model and Lindhard’s formula,to calculate the energy loss,charge transfer,and normalized intensity of highly charged ions penetrating through 2D ultra...We present a simple and reliable method,based on the over-barrier model and Lindhard’s formula,to calculate the energy loss,charge transfer,and normalized intensity of highly charged ions penetrating through 2D ultrathin materials,including graphene and carbon nanomembranes.According to our results,the interaction between the ions and the 2D material can be simplified as an equivalent two-body collision,and we find that full consideration of the charge exchange effect is key to understanding the mechanism of ion energy deposition in an ultrathin target.Not only can this semiclassical model be used to evaluate the ion irradiation effect to a very good level of accuracy,but it also provides important guidance for tailoring the properties of 2D materials using ion beams.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become one of the most successful energy storage systems due to their high operating voltage,high energy density,and long cycle life.However,with the widespread use of LIBs in recent de...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become one of the most successful energy storage systems due to their high operating voltage,high energy density,and long cycle life.However,with the widespread use of LIBs in recent decades,lithium resources are at risk of being exhausted.Therefore,it is necessary to find a substitute for LIBs to meet the needs of future large-scale energy storage systems.Because of their competitiveness,low cost,and high safety,aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ARZIBs)are regarded as promising components in the post-lithium-ion-battery era.Given the tunable composition,ordered porous channels,and controllable structure of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),these frameworks are viewed as potential materials for developing high-performance ARZIBs.In this review,we focus on the recent developments in the applications of MOF-/COF-based materials in ARZIBs,including in electrode materials,anode modifications,separators,and solid electrolytes.We then focus on the critical factors and optimization techniques of MOF-/COF-based materials that affect the performance of ARZIBs.Finally,we conclude with some projections for the expansion of ARZIBs containing MOF-/COF-based materials.展开更多
Developing high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density, rate capability and long cycle life are essential for the ever-growing practical application. Among all battery components, the binder...Developing high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density, rate capability and long cycle life are essential for the ever-growing practical application. Among all battery components, the binder plays a key role in determining the preparation of electrodes and the improvement of battery performance, in spite of a low usage amount. The main function of binder is to bond the active material, conductive additive and current collector together and provide electron and ion channels to improve the kinetics of electrochemical reaction. With the ever-increasing requirement of high energy density by LIBs, technical challenges such as volume expansion and active material dissolution are attracting worldwide attentions, where binder is thought to provide a new solution.There are two main categories (organic solvent soluble binder and water-soluble binder) and abundant polar functional groups providing adhesion ability. It is of great significance to timely summarize the latest progress in battery binders and present the principles for designing novel binders with both robust binding interaction and outstanding electrode stabilization function. This review begins with an introduction of the binding mechanism and the related binding forces, including mechanical interlocking forces and interfacial forces. Then, we discussed four different strategies (the enhancement of binding force,the formation of three-dimensional (3D) network, the enhancement of conductivity and binders with special functions) for constructing ideal binder system in order to satisfy the specific demands of different batteries, such as LIBs and lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Finally, some prospective and promising directions of binder design are proposed based on the existing and emerging binders and guide the development of the next-generation LIBs.展开更多
We report a method to eliminate the irreversible capacity of 0.4Li_2MnO_3·0.6LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2(Li_(1.17)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.583)O_2) by decreasing lithium content to yield integrated layered-spinel structures.XRD ...We report a method to eliminate the irreversible capacity of 0.4Li_2MnO_3·0.6LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2(Li_(1.17)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.583)O_2) by decreasing lithium content to yield integrated layered-spinel structures.XRD patterns,High-resolution TEM image and electrochemical cycling of the materials in lithium cells revealed features consistent with the presence of spinel phase within the materials.When discharged to about 2.8 V,the spinel phase of LiM_2O_4(M=Ni,Mn) can transform to rock-salt phase of Li_2M_2O_4(M=Ni,Mn) during which the tetravalent manganese ions are reduced to an oxidation state of 3.0.So the spinel phase can act as a host to insert back the extracted lithium ions(from the layered matrix) that could not embed back into the layered lattice to eliminate the irreversible capacity loss and increase the discharge capacity.Their electrochemical properties at room temperature showed a high capacity(about 275 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 C) and exhibited good cycling performance.展开更多
Seamounts are hotspots for marine life,but to date,no bacteriophages have been reported.Here,a novel Bacillus podophage(named as Bacillus phage Gxv1)was isolated from deep-sea seamount sediments of the western Pacifc ...Seamounts are hotspots for marine life,but to date,no bacteriophages have been reported.Here,a novel Bacillus podophage(named as Bacillus phage Gxv1)was isolated from deep-sea seamount sediments of the western Pacifc Ocean(~5790 m).Phage Gxv1 has a hexameric head~42–53 nm in diameter and a short tail of~30 nm long,which is a typical feature of the Podoviridae family.One-step curve analysis showed that Gxv1 is a lytic phage that can initiate host lysis within 3.5 h postinfection,and has a relatively large burst size.The 21,781-bp genome contains 34 predicted genes,and the G+C content of phage Gxv1 is 39.69%.Whole-genome comparison of phage Gxv1 with known bacteriophages,using BlastN analysis against the IMG/VR database,revealed that phage Gxv1 is closely related to Bacillus phage phi29 that infects Bacillus subtilis,and their genome-wide similarity is 93.62%.Phylogenetic analysis based on DNA polymerase showed that phage Gxv1 belongs to the Salasvirus genus.Multiple genome alignment showed that phage Gxv1 shares a high level of sequence similarity and common gene order with Bacillus phage phi29.However,some sequences are unique to phage Gxv1,and this region contains genes encoding DNA packing protein,DNA replication protein,and unknown protein.These sequences exhibit low sequence similarity to known bacteriophages,highlighting an unknown origin of these sequences.This study will help improve our understanding of the Salasvirus genus and phage diversity in deep-sea seamounts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51802356, 51872334 and 51572299)Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University (No. 2018CX004)
文摘Due to the intrinsic advantages of nontoxicity, low-cost, and abundant resource of metallic zinc, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted universal interest [1,2]. Tremendous cathode materials have been exploited in aqueous ZIBs, such as manganese-based materials [3-11], Co-based materials [12,13] and vanadium-based materials [14-21].
文摘This letter reports the synthesis of Schiff base calix[4]arene crowns containing m-xylylene phenol subunit, in which calix[4]arene Schiff base crowns 2a, 2b and 2c were formed by 1:1 condensation of calix[4]arene diamine 1 with dialdehydes (2, 6-diformyl-4-chlorophenol 3a, 2, 6-diformyl-4-methylphenol 3b, 2, 6-diformyl-4-tert-butylphenol 3c) under high dilute condition in refluxing anhydrous ethanol in 65-70% yield.
文摘We do a new Li-ion battery evaluation research on the effects of cell resistance and polariza- tion on the energy loss in batteries based on thermal property and heat generation behavior of battery. Series of 18650 cells with different capacities and electrode materials are evalu- ated by measuring input and output energy which change with charge-discharge time and current. Based on the results of these tests, we build a model of energy loss in cells＇ charge- discharge process, which include Joule heat and polarization heat impact factors. It was reported that Joule heat was caused by cell resistance, which included De-resistance and reaction resistance, and reaction resistance could not be easily obtained through routine test method. Using this new method, we can get the total resistance R and the polarization parameter U. The relationship between R, η, and temperature is also investigated in order to build a general model for series of different Li-ion batteries, and the research can be used in the performance evaluation, state of charge prediction and the measuring of consistency of the batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20372032)Jiangsu Province in China(Grant.No.BK2004085)
文摘The interfacial behaviors of the non-typical amphiphilic compound p-methylphenylazocalix[4]arene 1 and p-chlorophenylazocalix[4]arene 2 at the air/water interface and photochromism in the Langmuir-Blodgett films were studied by surface pressure-area isotherm and UV-Vis spectra. The results indicate that they can form stable monolayers at the air / water interface although they have no hydrophobic alkyl chains, and their LB film underwent reversible trans-cis photoisomerization on UV and daylight illumination.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12135002 and 11705010)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M650351)the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2018004)。
文摘Deep learning algorithm emerges as a new method to take the raw features from large dataset and mine their deep implicit relations,which is promising for solving traditional physical challenges.A particularly intricate and difficult challenge is the energy loss mechanism of energetic ions in solid,where accurate prediction of stopping power is a longtime problem.In this work,we develop a deep-learning-based stopping power model with high overall accuracy,and overcome the long-standing deficiency of the existing classical models by improving the predictive accuracy of stopping power for ultra-heavy ion with low energy,and the corresponding projected range.This electronic stopping power model,based on deep learning algorithm,could be hopefully applied for the study of ion-solid interaction mechanism and enormous relevant applications.
基金supported by the NSFC(Grant No.11705010)the NSAF(Grant No.U1230111),the IAEA(CRP No.F11020 and Contract No.21063)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M650351)。
文摘We present a simple and reliable method,based on the over-barrier model and Lindhard’s formula,to calculate the energy loss,charge transfer,and normalized intensity of highly charged ions penetrating through 2D ultrathin materials,including graphene and carbon nanomembranes.According to our results,the interaction between the ions and the 2D material can be simplified as an equivalent two-body collision,and we find that full consideration of the charge exchange effect is key to understanding the mechanism of ion energy deposition in an ultrathin target.Not only can this semiclassical model be used to evaluate the ion irradiation effect to a very good level of accuracy,but it also provides important guidance for tailoring the properties of 2D materials using ion beams.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0705104)GRF under the project number City U 11305218。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become one of the most successful energy storage systems due to their high operating voltage,high energy density,and long cycle life.However,with the widespread use of LIBs in recent decades,lithium resources are at risk of being exhausted.Therefore,it is necessary to find a substitute for LIBs to meet the needs of future large-scale energy storage systems.Because of their competitiveness,low cost,and high safety,aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ARZIBs)are regarded as promising components in the post-lithium-ion-battery era.Given the tunable composition,ordered porous channels,and controllable structure of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),these frameworks are viewed as potential materials for developing high-performance ARZIBs.In this review,we focus on the recent developments in the applications of MOF-/COF-based materials in ARZIBs,including in electrode materials,anode modifications,separators,and solid electrolytes.We then focus on the critical factors and optimization techniques of MOF-/COF-based materials that affect the performance of ARZIBs.Finally,we conclude with some projections for the expansion of ARZIBs containing MOF-/COF-based materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0705104)partially sponsored by the General Research Fund under Project City U 11212920 and COCHE。
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFA0705104)Guangdong Province Science and Technology Department under Project (No. 2020A0505100014)。
文摘Developing high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density, rate capability and long cycle life are essential for the ever-growing practical application. Among all battery components, the binder plays a key role in determining the preparation of electrodes and the improvement of battery performance, in spite of a low usage amount. The main function of binder is to bond the active material, conductive additive and current collector together and provide electron and ion channels to improve the kinetics of electrochemical reaction. With the ever-increasing requirement of high energy density by LIBs, technical challenges such as volume expansion and active material dissolution are attracting worldwide attentions, where binder is thought to provide a new solution.There are two main categories (organic solvent soluble binder and water-soluble binder) and abundant polar functional groups providing adhesion ability. It is of great significance to timely summarize the latest progress in battery binders and present the principles for designing novel binders with both robust binding interaction and outstanding electrode stabilization function. This review begins with an introduction of the binding mechanism and the related binding forces, including mechanical interlocking forces and interfacial forces. Then, we discussed four different strategies (the enhancement of binding force,the formation of three-dimensional (3D) network, the enhancement of conductivity and binders with special functions) for constructing ideal binder system in order to satisfy the specific demands of different batteries, such as LIBs and lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Finally, some prospective and promising directions of binder design are proposed based on the existing and emerging binders and guide the development of the next-generation LIBs.
基金Financial support by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB220105)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2120001)
文摘We report a method to eliminate the irreversible capacity of 0.4Li_2MnO_3·0.6LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2(Li_(1.17)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.583)O_2) by decreasing lithium content to yield integrated layered-spinel structures.XRD patterns,High-resolution TEM image and electrochemical cycling of the materials in lithium cells revealed features consistent with the presence of spinel phase within the materials.When discharged to about 2.8 V,the spinel phase of LiM_2O_4(M=Ni,Mn) can transform to rock-salt phase of Li_2M_2O_4(M=Ni,Mn) during which the tetravalent manganese ions are reduced to an oxidation state of 3.0.So the spinel phase can act as a host to insert back the extracted lithium ions(from the layered matrix) that could not embed back into the layered lattice to eliminate the irreversible capacity loss and increase the discharge capacity.Their electrochemical properties at room temperature showed a high capacity(about 275 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 C) and exhibited good cycling performance.
基金This work was fnancially supported by China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(No.DY135-B-04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41976084)the Scientifc Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography,MNR(No.2019013).
文摘Seamounts are hotspots for marine life,but to date,no bacteriophages have been reported.Here,a novel Bacillus podophage(named as Bacillus phage Gxv1)was isolated from deep-sea seamount sediments of the western Pacifc Ocean(~5790 m).Phage Gxv1 has a hexameric head~42–53 nm in diameter and a short tail of~30 nm long,which is a typical feature of the Podoviridae family.One-step curve analysis showed that Gxv1 is a lytic phage that can initiate host lysis within 3.5 h postinfection,and has a relatively large burst size.The 21,781-bp genome contains 34 predicted genes,and the G+C content of phage Gxv1 is 39.69%.Whole-genome comparison of phage Gxv1 with known bacteriophages,using BlastN analysis against the IMG/VR database,revealed that phage Gxv1 is closely related to Bacillus phage phi29 that infects Bacillus subtilis,and their genome-wide similarity is 93.62%.Phylogenetic analysis based on DNA polymerase showed that phage Gxv1 belongs to the Salasvirus genus.Multiple genome alignment showed that phage Gxv1 shares a high level of sequence similarity and common gene order with Bacillus phage phi29.However,some sequences are unique to phage Gxv1,and this region contains genes encoding DNA packing protein,DNA replication protein,and unknown protein.These sequences exhibit low sequence similarity to known bacteriophages,highlighting an unknown origin of these sequences.This study will help improve our understanding of the Salasvirus genus and phage diversity in deep-sea seamounts.
