Spectra are sensitive in detecting main minerals on the lunar surface from visible light to infrared light. Since spectral characteristics of minerals are closely related to their compositions and the maturity level o...Spectra are sensitive in detecting main minerals on the lunar surface from visible light to infrared light. Since spectral characteristics of minerals are closely related to their compositions and the maturity level of soil on the Moon, studying the compositions and distribution of elements and minerals on the lunar surface can help to understand the evolution of the Moon through remote sensing technology. The correlation between the spectral characteristics of Chang'e-1 interference imaging spectrometry(IIM) reflectance images and the mineral contents of LSCC(Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium) lunar surface mineral samples was discussed and the spatial distributions of Fe O and Al_2O_3 contained in both pyroxene and plagioclase on LQ-4 were studied using the improved angle parameter method, MNF, and band ratio statistics. A comparison of the mapping results of the optical models by Lucey, Shkuractov and other researchers on Clementine and the gamma ray spectrometry data shows that the content error is within 0.6% for lunar mare areas and close to 1% for the highland areas. The tectonic framework on the lunar surface was also investigated. And based on integrated analysis of previous findings on topography of the lunar surface, Chang'e LAM, CCD and LOLA images and the gravity anomalies data(Clementine GLGM-2), the tectonic unit subdivision was established for LQ-4, the idea of subdividing the lunar tectonic units was proposed, and this will provide a good foundation for studying the lunar tectonic evolution.展开更多
The geosynthetic clay liner(GCL)is a kind of waterproofing material used widely in engineering.The waterproof mechanism is understood in terms of bentonite particles becoming water-obstruct colloid layers after they s...The geosynthetic clay liner(GCL)is a kind of waterproofing material used widely in engineering.The waterproof mechanism is understood in terms of bentonite particles becoming water-obstruct colloid layers after they sorb water and swell.The swell pressure stress,however,has not been determined directly till now.In our experiment,swell pressure stress of the GCL under saturated water-sorbing condition was measured directly using a custom-made instrument.The results show that(1)the instrument designed by the authors performs satisfactorily and the test results are reproducible;and(2)the trend line of swell pressure stress variation with time can be divided into three segments.The first segment is characterized by a quick increase of the swell force in the first 0?50 hours.The swell pressure stress increases by 7.00×10?4?1.00×10?3 MPa/h.The second segment shows a slow increase of the swell pressure stress from the 50th to 1730th hour.The swell force increases by 7.54×10?6?2.02×10?5 MPa/h.The third segment is characterized by a little variation in swell pressure stress after 1730 hours.In this segment,the average value of the swell pressure stress measurements is 0.0719 MPa and the maximum value is 0.0729 MPa.It is suggested that the swell pressure stress is mainly raised by water entering pores among montmorillonite particles and interstitial layers in individual montmorillonite crystals,leading to an increase of volume.展开更多
Determining the global distribution of minerals on the Moon has been an important goal of lunar science. Hyperspectral remote sensing is an important approach to acquiring minerals on the Moon on the global scale. The...Determining the global distribution of minerals on the Moon has been an important goal of lunar science. Hyperspectral remote sensing is an important approach to acquiring minerals on the Moon on the global scale. The wavelength of the absorption band center is the key parameter for identifying minerals with reflectance spectra as well as remote sensing data. The global absorption center map of the mafic minerals of the Moon was produced for the first time with the Chang’E-1 IIM data. This map shows the global distribution of mafic minerals such as orthopyroxenes, clinopyroxenes, and olivine and even plagioclase feldspar of the Moon. The validation for some representative areas indicates that the global map is reliable and even more detailed than the results derived from Clementine-data. Moreover, our method is insensitive to the topography and viewing and illumination geometries. The global absorption band center map not only contributes to the lunar science research, but also has other implications to be further studied. Moreover, the preprocessing methods such as calibration and correction introduced in this study can be useful in other research with IIM data.展开更多
基金jointly supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41490634)the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China(No.2015FY210500)
文摘Spectra are sensitive in detecting main minerals on the lunar surface from visible light to infrared light. Since spectral characteristics of minerals are closely related to their compositions and the maturity level of soil on the Moon, studying the compositions and distribution of elements and minerals on the lunar surface can help to understand the evolution of the Moon through remote sensing technology. The correlation between the spectral characteristics of Chang'e-1 interference imaging spectrometry(IIM) reflectance images and the mineral contents of LSCC(Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium) lunar surface mineral samples was discussed and the spatial distributions of Fe O and Al_2O_3 contained in both pyroxene and plagioclase on LQ-4 were studied using the improved angle parameter method, MNF, and band ratio statistics. A comparison of the mapping results of the optical models by Lucey, Shkuractov and other researchers on Clementine and the gamma ray spectrometry data shows that the content error is within 0.6% for lunar mare areas and close to 1% for the highland areas. The tectonic framework on the lunar surface was also investigated. And based on integrated analysis of previous findings on topography of the lunar surface, Chang'e LAM, CCD and LOLA images and the gravity anomalies data(Clementine GLGM-2), the tectonic unit subdivision was established for LQ-4, the idea of subdividing the lunar tectonic units was proposed, and this will provide a good foundation for studying the lunar tectonic evolution.
文摘The geosynthetic clay liner(GCL)is a kind of waterproofing material used widely in engineering.The waterproof mechanism is understood in terms of bentonite particles becoming water-obstruct colloid layers after they sorb water and swell.The swell pressure stress,however,has not been determined directly till now.In our experiment,swell pressure stress of the GCL under saturated water-sorbing condition was measured directly using a custom-made instrument.The results show that(1)the instrument designed by the authors performs satisfactorily and the test results are reproducible;and(2)the trend line of swell pressure stress variation with time can be divided into three segments.The first segment is characterized by a quick increase of the swell force in the first 0?50 hours.The swell pressure stress increases by 7.00×10?4?1.00×10?3 MPa/h.The second segment shows a slow increase of the swell pressure stress from the 50th to 1730th hour.The swell force increases by 7.54×10?6?2.02×10?5 MPa/h.The third segment is characterized by a little variation in swell pressure stress after 1730 hours.In this segment,the average value of the swell pressure stress measurements is 0.0719 MPa and the maximum value is 0.0729 MPa.It is suggested that the swell pressure stress is mainly raised by water entering pores among montmorillonite particles and interstitial layers in individual montmorillonite crystals,leading to an increase of volume.
基金supported by grants from the open fund of the State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (Grant No. 2008-II-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40904051 and 40701125)+2 种基金the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund (Grant Nos. 003/2008/A1 and 018/2010/A)the project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 1212010811050)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2008AA12A213 and 2010AA122203)
文摘Determining the global distribution of minerals on the Moon has been an important goal of lunar science. Hyperspectral remote sensing is an important approach to acquiring minerals on the Moon on the global scale. The wavelength of the absorption band center is the key parameter for identifying minerals with reflectance spectra as well as remote sensing data. The global absorption center map of the mafic minerals of the Moon was produced for the first time with the Chang’E-1 IIM data. This map shows the global distribution of mafic minerals such as orthopyroxenes, clinopyroxenes, and olivine and even plagioclase feldspar of the Moon. The validation for some representative areas indicates that the global map is reliable and even more detailed than the results derived from Clementine-data. Moreover, our method is insensitive to the topography and viewing and illumination geometries. The global absorption band center map not only contributes to the lunar science research, but also has other implications to be further studied. Moreover, the preprocessing methods such as calibration and correction introduced in this study can be useful in other research with IIM data.
