美国广泛发育具有经济效益的富氦无机成因天然气田,如其中富氦氮气田甚至可以含有高达10%的氦。原地和周边地区的基底提供充足的氦源而氮气可来自不同圈层,且通常N_(2)/He(He>0.1%)在5~50之间。但是富氦氮气田在美国独特地质环境之...美国广泛发育具有经济效益的富氦无机成因天然气田,如其中富氦氮气田甚至可以含有高达10%的氦。原地和周边地区的基底提供充足的氦源而氮气可来自不同圈层,且通常N_(2)/He(He>0.1%)在5~50之间。但是富氦氮气田在美国独特地质环境之外是否也有发现还需要进一步的研究。富氦二氧化碳气田中的氦主要也来自壳源且产量可观。科罗拉多高原上的富氦二氧化碳气田均被认为是来源于新生代晚期的岩浆活动,且该地区岩浆岩具有较高的U、Th含量。地下水溶气脱气-再溶解(Groundwater Gas Stripping and Re-dissolution,GGS-R)模型被普遍认为可以合理解释CO_(2)气藏中氮气、氦等惰性气体的聚集成藏机制。具体来说,幔源CO_(2)载体气充注时将溶解在地下水中的大气源惰性气体与壳源惰性气体脱出成藏,并与地下水达到水/气溶解平衡。虽然不同气田的平衡值各有不同,但是科罗拉多高原上的各气田均显示出相似的范围值,即在相应的储层压力和温度下为0~100 cm^(3)水/cm^(3)气。本文系统分析美国无机成因富氦气藏的氦气生成、运移和聚集机制,讨论氦气在经历氦源岩内游离相扩散初次运移后通过水溶相、气容相集流或是多相渗流方式进行的二次运移及由无机成因载体气N_(2)和CO_(2)共同参与的富集成藏机制,既可为我国氦气勘查提供理论认识依据,也可为二氧化碳地质评价和开发利用及安全封存提供参考。展开更多
Based on the typical dissection of various onshore tight oil fields in China,the tight oil migration and accumulation mechanism and enrichment-controlling factors in continental lake basins are analyzed through nuclea...Based on the typical dissection of various onshore tight oil fields in China,the tight oil migration and accumulation mechanism and enrichment-controlling factors in continental lake basins are analyzed through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)displacement physical simulation and Lattice Boltzmann numerical simulation by using the samples of source rock,reservoir rock and crude oil.In continental lake basins,the dynamic forces driving hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of high-quality source rocks are the foundational power that determines the charging efficiency and accumulation effect of tight oil,the oil migration resistance is a key element that influences the charging efficiency and accumulation effect of tight oil,and the coupling of charging force with pore-throat resistance in tight reservoir controls the tight oil accumulation and sweet spot enrichment.The degree of tight oil enrichment in continental lake basins is controlled by four factors:source rock,reservoir pore-throat size,anisotropy of reservoir structure,and fractures.The high-quality source rocks control the near-source distribution of tight oil,reservoir physical properties and pore-throat size are positively correlated with the degree of tight oil enrichment,the anisotropy of reservoir structure reveals that the parallel migration rate is the highest,and intralayer fractures can improve the migration and accumulation efficiency and the oil saturation.展开更多
文摘美国广泛发育具有经济效益的富氦无机成因天然气田,如其中富氦氮气田甚至可以含有高达10%的氦。原地和周边地区的基底提供充足的氦源而氮气可来自不同圈层,且通常N_(2)/He(He>0.1%)在5~50之间。但是富氦氮气田在美国独特地质环境之外是否也有发现还需要进一步的研究。富氦二氧化碳气田中的氦主要也来自壳源且产量可观。科罗拉多高原上的富氦二氧化碳气田均被认为是来源于新生代晚期的岩浆活动,且该地区岩浆岩具有较高的U、Th含量。地下水溶气脱气-再溶解(Groundwater Gas Stripping and Re-dissolution,GGS-R)模型被普遍认为可以合理解释CO_(2)气藏中氮气、氦等惰性气体的聚集成藏机制。具体来说,幔源CO_(2)载体气充注时将溶解在地下水中的大气源惰性气体与壳源惰性气体脱出成藏,并与地下水达到水/气溶解平衡。虽然不同气田的平衡值各有不同,但是科罗拉多高原上的各气田均显示出相似的范围值,即在相应的储层压力和温度下为0~100 cm^(3)水/cm^(3)气。本文系统分析美国无机成因富氦气藏的氦气生成、运移和聚集机制,讨论氦气在经历氦源岩内游离相扩散初次运移后通过水溶相、气容相集流或是多相渗流方式进行的二次运移及由无机成因载体气N_(2)和CO_(2)共同参与的富集成藏机制,既可为我国氦气勘查提供理论认识依据,也可为二氧化碳地质评价和开发利用及安全封存提供参考。
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2016ZX05046-001).
文摘Based on the typical dissection of various onshore tight oil fields in China,the tight oil migration and accumulation mechanism and enrichment-controlling factors in continental lake basins are analyzed through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)displacement physical simulation and Lattice Boltzmann numerical simulation by using the samples of source rock,reservoir rock and crude oil.In continental lake basins,the dynamic forces driving hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of high-quality source rocks are the foundational power that determines the charging efficiency and accumulation effect of tight oil,the oil migration resistance is a key element that influences the charging efficiency and accumulation effect of tight oil,and the coupling of charging force with pore-throat resistance in tight reservoir controls the tight oil accumulation and sweet spot enrichment.The degree of tight oil enrichment in continental lake basins is controlled by four factors:source rock,reservoir pore-throat size,anisotropy of reservoir structure,and fractures.The high-quality source rocks control the near-source distribution of tight oil,reservoir physical properties and pore-throat size are positively correlated with the degree of tight oil enrichment,the anisotropy of reservoir structure reveals that the parallel migration rate is the highest,and intralayer fractures can improve the migration and accumulation efficiency and the oil saturation.
