The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein...The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,we construct a lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))-implanted electroactiveβphase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)crystalline polymorph layer(PHL).The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels.These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes,decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites.The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions.The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0%for 250 cycles in lithium(Li)||copper(Cu)cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2)with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%.Furthermore,the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and Li Fe PO_(4) cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9%after 900 cycles.Impressively,the full cell paired with LiNi_(0.87)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.03)O_(2)maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 84.3%after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83.This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO_(3)in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.展开更多
装配式建筑设计、生产过程存在标准化程度低、数据联系较差等诸多问题。引入了制造业中面向制造与装配的设计(design for manufacturing and assembly,DFMA)的产品设计理念,研究了装配式建筑竖向预制混凝土(precast concrete,PC)构件的...装配式建筑设计、生产过程存在标准化程度低、数据联系较差等诸多问题。引入了制造业中面向制造与装配的设计(design for manufacturing and assembly,DFMA)的产品设计理念,研究了装配式建筑竖向预制混凝土(precast concrete,PC)构件的快速建模与深化设计应用,通过对建筑企业大量装配式建筑项目PC构件深化设计图纸的梳理分析,分析了图纸中构件组成规律,创新性地将PC构件二次拆分为模块。分析模块的种类、组合规律、数据架构等,形成模块的设计标准。将设计标准融入建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)软件中,并开发相应的工具软件实现模块的快速建模。以软件创建的参数化标准模块为基础,以关联、匹配、调取、组合、拆解的关键技术实现PC构件的深化设计与工厂的制造联系。最后,通过实际工程案例进行测试对比。结果表明,竖向PC构件的建模速度提升70%、深化设计效率提升约80%,深化设计费用节省约80%,实现最小制造成本。研究结果有助于构建装配式建筑标准化的设计和生产体系,推广少规格多组合的设计方法,强化数据联系,提高装配式建筑的综合效益。展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22205191 and 52002346)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3109)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ40446)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Material(No.2020GXKLLCEM01)。
文摘The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,we construct a lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))-implanted electroactiveβphase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)crystalline polymorph layer(PHL).The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels.These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes,decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites.The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions.The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0%for 250 cycles in lithium(Li)||copper(Cu)cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2)with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%.Furthermore,the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and Li Fe PO_(4) cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9%after 900 cycles.Impressively,the full cell paired with LiNi_(0.87)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.03)O_(2)maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 84.3%after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83.This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO_(3)in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.
文摘装配式建筑设计、生产过程存在标准化程度低、数据联系较差等诸多问题。引入了制造业中面向制造与装配的设计(design for manufacturing and assembly,DFMA)的产品设计理念,研究了装配式建筑竖向预制混凝土(precast concrete,PC)构件的快速建模与深化设计应用,通过对建筑企业大量装配式建筑项目PC构件深化设计图纸的梳理分析,分析了图纸中构件组成规律,创新性地将PC构件二次拆分为模块。分析模块的种类、组合规律、数据架构等,形成模块的设计标准。将设计标准融入建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)软件中,并开发相应的工具软件实现模块的快速建模。以软件创建的参数化标准模块为基础,以关联、匹配、调取、组合、拆解的关键技术实现PC构件的深化设计与工厂的制造联系。最后,通过实际工程案例进行测试对比。结果表明,竖向PC构件的建模速度提升70%、深化设计效率提升约80%,深化设计费用节省约80%,实现最小制造成本。研究结果有助于构建装配式建筑标准化的设计和生产体系,推广少规格多组合的设计方法,强化数据联系,提高装配式建筑的综合效益。
