The complete genome sequences of 11 Drosophila species provide an opportunity to investigate the gene family evolution in closely related species. Drosophila Piwi subfamily, including three members, piwi, Aub and Ago3...The complete genome sequences of 11 Drosophila species provide an opportunity to investigate the gene family evolution in closely related species. Drosophila Piwi subfamily, including three members, piwi, Aub and Ago3, has attracted increasing attention as it participates in the biogenesis of piRNA. Here, we identified 33 Piwi homologs from the genome of 11 Drosophila species. The full-length cDNA sequences ofpiwi and Aub genes were obtained by using New GENSCAN Web Server. The Ago3 homologs were difficult regarding full-length information because they had long introns. The genomic structure of Piwi subfamily genes are highly conserved among diverse Drosophila species. Insect piwi and Aub genes have long first introns. The average length of the first intron is 1 284 bp for piwi and 840 bp for Aub, which is much larger than those of other introns （93 bp for Piwi and 54 bp for Aub）. However, this phenomenon is not observed in mammalian piwi genes. We also found that there were abundant repeat sequences in both exons and introns of insect Ago3 genes. Due to recent insertions of long terminal repeat elements in four Drosophila species, part of the third introns exhibit higher conservation than adjacent exons and other introns. An evolutional tree created by Minimum Evolution method indicates that mammalian piwi genes are more closely related to the insect Ago3 Piwi subfamily.展开更多
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase(MAGUK)family protein MAGUK invert 2(MAGI-2)has been demonstrated to be involved in the tumorigenic mechanism of prostate cancer.The objective of this study was to investigate the e...Membrane-associated guanylate kinase(MAGUK)family protein MAGUK invert 2(MAGI-2)has been demonstrated to be involved in the tumorigenic mechanism of prostate cancer.The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of MAGI・2 at mRNA and protein levels.The prog no stic value of MAGI-2 in Han Chin ese patie nts with prostate cancer was also investigated.The expression data of MAGI・2 were assessed through database retrieval,analysis of sequencing data from our group,and tissue immunohistochemistry using digital scoring system(H・score).The clinical,pathological,and follow-up data were collected.The expression of MAGI-2 in prostate tumor tissues and prostate normal tissues was evaluated and compared.MAGI-2 expression was associated with clinical parameters including tumor stage,lymph node status,Gleason score,PSA level,and biochemical recurrenee of prostate cancer.The relative expression of MAGI-2 mRNA was lower in the tumor tissue in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database and sequencing data(P<0.001).There was no difference in MAGI-2 protein expression between tumor and normal tissues in tissue microarray(TMA)results.MAGI-2 expression was associated with pathological tumor stage(P=0.02),Gleason score(P=0.05),and preoperation prostate-specific antigen(PSA;P=0.04).A positive correlation was identified between MAGI-2 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN)expressions through the analysis of TCGA and TMA data(P<0.0001).Patients with higher MAGI-2 expression had longer biochemical recurrence-free survival in the univariate analysis(P=0.005),which in dicates an optimal prog no stic value of MAGI-2 in Han Chin ese patie nts with prostate can cer.I n con elusion,MAGI-2 expressi on gradually decreases with tumor progression,and can be used as a predictor of tumor recurrence in Chinese patients.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments We thank Jin-jun Qian for assistance in constructing the phylogenetic tree. This work was in part supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30174417）, Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （BK2007524） and program of New Century Excellent Talents （NCET） to FL.
文摘The complete genome sequences of 11 Drosophila species provide an opportunity to investigate the gene family evolution in closely related species. Drosophila Piwi subfamily, including three members, piwi, Aub and Ago3, has attracted increasing attention as it participates in the biogenesis of piRNA. Here, we identified 33 Piwi homologs from the genome of 11 Drosophila species. The full-length cDNA sequences ofpiwi and Aub genes were obtained by using New GENSCAN Web Server. The Ago3 homologs were difficult regarding full-length information because they had long introns. The genomic structure of Piwi subfamily genes are highly conserved among diverse Drosophila species. Insect piwi and Aub genes have long first introns. The average length of the first intron is 1 284 bp for piwi and 840 bp for Aub, which is much larger than those of other introns （93 bp for Piwi and 54 bp for Aub）. However, this phenomenon is not observed in mammalian piwi genes. We also found that there were abundant repeat sequences in both exons and introns of insect Ago3 genes. Due to recent insertions of long terminal repeat elements in four Drosophila species, part of the third introns exhibit higher conservation than adjacent exons and other introns. An evolutional tree created by Minimum Evolution method indicates that mammalian piwi genes are more closely related to the insect Ago3 Piwi subfamily.
基金The authors acknowledge the contribution of Dr.Lin Zhao,Dr.Ya-Sheng Zhu,Dr.Zhe-Xu Cao,and Dr.Chen Ye from the Department of Urology,Changhai Hospital,Naval Medical University(the Second Military Medical University),for their kind help during the experimental process.This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81430058)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering(No.14DZ2272300).
文摘Membrane-associated guanylate kinase(MAGUK)family protein MAGUK invert 2(MAGI-2)has been demonstrated to be involved in the tumorigenic mechanism of prostate cancer.The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of MAGI・2 at mRNA and protein levels.The prog no stic value of MAGI-2 in Han Chin ese patie nts with prostate cancer was also investigated.The expression data of MAGI・2 were assessed through database retrieval,analysis of sequencing data from our group,and tissue immunohistochemistry using digital scoring system(H・score).The clinical,pathological,and follow-up data were collected.The expression of MAGI-2 in prostate tumor tissues and prostate normal tissues was evaluated and compared.MAGI-2 expression was associated with clinical parameters including tumor stage,lymph node status,Gleason score,PSA level,and biochemical recurrenee of prostate cancer.The relative expression of MAGI-2 mRNA was lower in the tumor tissue in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database and sequencing data(P<0.001).There was no difference in MAGI-2 protein expression between tumor and normal tissues in tissue microarray(TMA)results.MAGI-2 expression was associated with pathological tumor stage(P=0.02),Gleason score(P=0.05),and preoperation prostate-specific antigen(PSA;P=0.04).A positive correlation was identified between MAGI-2 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN)expressions through the analysis of TCGA and TMA data(P<0.0001).Patients with higher MAGI-2 expression had longer biochemical recurrence-free survival in the univariate analysis(P=0.005),which in dicates an optimal prog no stic value of MAGI-2 in Han Chin ese patie nts with prostate can cer.I n con elusion,MAGI-2 expressi on gradually decreases with tumor progression,and can be used as a predictor of tumor recurrence in Chinese patients.
