Objective The aim of this study is by observing the number change of islets beta cells in gestational rats exposed to high fat diet, tofurther reveal the mechanism of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods Female Wist...Objective The aim of this study is by observing the number change of islets beta cells in gestational rats exposed to high fat diet, tofurther reveal the mechanism of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods Female Wistar rats were exposed to high fat diet for five weeks, and then became pregnant. During pregnancy dynamically detected indicators of glucose and fat. Until the third trimester of pregnancy evaluated the sensitivity of insulin and glucose tolerance. After executed rats, selected pancreatic tail tissue and fixed, further slides were stained with insulin antibody by immunohistochemistry to confirm the location of beta cells. Image analysis system determined mean area stained positive cells in each islet, which stood for total number of beta cells. The apoptotic beta cells in islet were detected and quantified by the Tunel technology to calculate apoptosis ratio. Results The level of free fatty acids in rats exposed to high fat diet was significantly higher than the control groups, and insulin resistance was more serious. Compared mean stained positive area among each group, the largest was gestational rats fed high fat diet, and gestational rats was larger than virgin rats, but the difference had no statistical significance. About apoptoticratio of beta cells was higher in diet intervened rats, gestational rats were higher than virgin rats. The same trend happened in the number of positive cells, but discrepancy was not remarkable. Conclusion Based on insulin resistance, apoptosis of pancreatic beta cellsincreased in gestational ratstaking high fat diet, through changing the number of beta cells to down regulate the pancreas endocrine function. That may be the mechanism of gestational mellitus.展开更多
Background: The potential impact of β cell function and insulin sensitivity on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association b...Background: The potential impact of β cell function and insulin sensitivity on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between β cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods: This observational study included 482 women diagnosed with GDM during pregnancy. Quantitative metrics on β cell function and insulin sensitivity during pregnancy were calculated using traditional equations. The association of β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance with the risk of the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes was investigated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models.Results: Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of adverse pregnancy outcomes across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were 1.00, 0.95, 1.34, and 2.25, respectively (P for trend = 0.011). When HOMA-IR was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.16-1.56) for each 1-unit increase in HOMA-IR. Multivariable-adjusted ORs of adverse pregnancy outcomes across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for β cell function (HOMA-β) were 1.00, 0.51, 0.60, and 0.53, respectively (P for trend = 0.068). When HOMA-β was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 0.57 (95% CI 0.24-0.90) for each 1-unit increase in HOMA-β. However, other quantitative metrics were not associated with the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes.Conclusions: We demonstrated a significant association of β cell function and insulin sensitivity with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We have provided additional evidence on the early identification of adverse pregnancy outcomes besides the glycemic values.展开更多
Nitric oxide(NO)-the product of arginine metabolism catalyzed by nitric oxide synthases(NOS)-is a well-known neurotransmitter which plays an important role in metabolism and amino acid transportation in the nervous sy...Nitric oxide(NO)-the product of arginine metabolism catalyzed by nitric oxide synthases(NOS)-is a well-known neurotransmitter which plays an important role in metabolism and amino acid transportation in the nervous system.In particular,it can inhibit monoamine neurotransmitter transportation which affects animal behavior,especially social behavior.Shoaling-is a one kind of social behavior.It is a behavior that individual fish choose to join with their group within two factors;food and predation risk.Shoaling fish has quickly responded to predator and increased the change in feeding competition.In addition,shoaling also effect to stress response on stock density of aquaculture system.The effect of NO molecular signaling on the dopamine pathway was investigated using zebrafish(Danio rerio)as a model organism.Our aim was to understand the role of NOS and NO in shoaling behavior,which is typical of zebrafish.The concentration of NO in the zebrafish brain was modulated using a knockout for the neuronal NOS gene,and NO production was induced through treatment with L-arginine.The existence of NO in the zebrafish brain was confirmed by using a fluorescent probe.Dopamine concentration in the brain was measured by UPLC tandem mass spectrometer.We measured shoaling cohesion of all individual fish of D.rerio,using average distance between all pairs of fish(nearest neighbor distance)and analyzed tracking by Zebralab ViewPoint software.Collectively,our results suggest that a lower level of NO was associated with a higher level of dopamine,which in turn leads to the shoaling behavior.展开更多
文摘Objective The aim of this study is by observing the number change of islets beta cells in gestational rats exposed to high fat diet, tofurther reveal the mechanism of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods Female Wistar rats were exposed to high fat diet for five weeks, and then became pregnant. During pregnancy dynamically detected indicators of glucose and fat. Until the third trimester of pregnancy evaluated the sensitivity of insulin and glucose tolerance. After executed rats, selected pancreatic tail tissue and fixed, further slides were stained with insulin antibody by immunohistochemistry to confirm the location of beta cells. Image analysis system determined mean area stained positive cells in each islet, which stood for total number of beta cells. The apoptotic beta cells in islet were detected and quantified by the Tunel technology to calculate apoptosis ratio. Results The level of free fatty acids in rats exposed to high fat diet was significantly higher than the control groups, and insulin resistance was more serious. Compared mean stained positive area among each group, the largest was gestational rats fed high fat diet, and gestational rats was larger than virgin rats, but the difference had no statistical significance. About apoptoticratio of beta cells was higher in diet intervened rats, gestational rats were higher than virgin rats. The same trend happened in the number of positive cells, but discrepancy was not remarkable. Conclusion Based on insulin resistance, apoptosis of pancreatic beta cellsincreased in gestational ratstaking high fat diet, through changing the number of beta cells to down regulate the pancreas endocrine function. That may be the mechanism of gestational mellitus.
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission(Nos.20184Y0362,20204Y0431)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission–Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(No.20161430)supported by the funding of retrospective studies from Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital.
文摘Background: The potential impact of β cell function and insulin sensitivity on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between β cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods: This observational study included 482 women diagnosed with GDM during pregnancy. Quantitative metrics on β cell function and insulin sensitivity during pregnancy were calculated using traditional equations. The association of β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance with the risk of the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes was investigated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models.Results: Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of adverse pregnancy outcomes across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were 1.00, 0.95, 1.34, and 2.25, respectively (P for trend = 0.011). When HOMA-IR was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.16-1.56) for each 1-unit increase in HOMA-IR. Multivariable-adjusted ORs of adverse pregnancy outcomes across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for β cell function (HOMA-β) were 1.00, 0.51, 0.60, and 0.53, respectively (P for trend = 0.068). When HOMA-β was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 0.57 (95% CI 0.24-0.90) for each 1-unit increase in HOMA-β. However, other quantitative metrics were not associated with the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes.Conclusions: We demonstrated a significant association of β cell function and insulin sensitivity with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We have provided additional evidence on the early identification of adverse pregnancy outcomes besides the glycemic values.
基金This work was supported funding by The China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund through the project“China-ASEAN Center for Joint Research and Promotion of Marine Aquaculture Technology”(grant number:DF)the Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources of Shanghai Ocean University(grant number:31872546 and 31472262)。
文摘Nitric oxide(NO)-the product of arginine metabolism catalyzed by nitric oxide synthases(NOS)-is a well-known neurotransmitter which plays an important role in metabolism and amino acid transportation in the nervous system.In particular,it can inhibit monoamine neurotransmitter transportation which affects animal behavior,especially social behavior.Shoaling-is a one kind of social behavior.It is a behavior that individual fish choose to join with their group within two factors;food and predation risk.Shoaling fish has quickly responded to predator and increased the change in feeding competition.In addition,shoaling also effect to stress response on stock density of aquaculture system.The effect of NO molecular signaling on the dopamine pathway was investigated using zebrafish(Danio rerio)as a model organism.Our aim was to understand the role of NOS and NO in shoaling behavior,which is typical of zebrafish.The concentration of NO in the zebrafish brain was modulated using a knockout for the neuronal NOS gene,and NO production was induced through treatment with L-arginine.The existence of NO in the zebrafish brain was confirmed by using a fluorescent probe.Dopamine concentration in the brain was measured by UPLC tandem mass spectrometer.We measured shoaling cohesion of all individual fish of D.rerio,using average distance between all pairs of fish(nearest neighbor distance)and analyzed tracking by Zebralab ViewPoint software.Collectively,our results suggest that a lower level of NO was associated with a higher level of dopamine,which in turn leads to the shoaling behavior.
