In this editorial,we comment on the article by Wang et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology in 2023.We focused on identifying risk factors for lymph node metastasis(LNM)in superfic...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Wang et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology in 2023.We focused on identifying risk factors for lymph node metastasis(LNM)in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(SESCC)patients and how to construct a simple and reliable clinical prediction model to assess the risk of LNM in SESCC patients,thereby helping to guide the selection of an appropriate treatment plan.The current standard treatment for SESCC is radical esophagectomy with lymph node dissection.However,esophagectomy is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.Endoscopic resection(ER)offers a safer and less invasive alternative to surgical resection and can enable the patient's quality of life to be maintained while providing a satisfactory outcome.However,since ER is a localized treatment that does not allow for lymph node dissection,the risk of LNM in SESCC limits the effectiveness of ER.Understanding LNM status can aid in determining whether patients with SESCC can be cured by ER without the need for additional esophagectomy.Previous studies have shown that tumor size,macroscopic type of tumor,degree of differentiation,depth of tumor invasion,and lymphovascular invasion are factors associated with LNM in patients with SESCC.In addition,tumor budding is commonly associated with LNM,recurrence,and distant metastasis,but this topic has been less covered in previous studies.By comprehensively evaluating the above risk factors for LNM,useful evidence can be obtained for doctors to select appropriate treatments for SESCC patients.展开更多
This letter offers commentary on an article published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Hemorrhoidal artery embolization is a promising approach to severe hemorrhoidal bleeding treatment,but i...This letter offers commentary on an article published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Hemorrhoidal artery embolization is a promising approach to severe hemorrhoidal bleeding treatment,but inappropriate patient selection and the use of different embolization procedures may affect the clinical efficacy and cause serious complications.In this article,the most appropriate candidate patients,embolization materials,embolization methods,and clinical evaluation methods are discussed to improve the safety and effectiveness of the procedure.展开更多
Objective:To determine the neuroprotective effects of apigenin against streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy(DN).Methods:To induce DN,Wistar rats(150-200 g)were administered with STZ(55 mg/kg,i.p.).Then they...Objective:To determine the neuroprotective effects of apigenin against streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy(DN).Methods:To induce DN,Wistar rats(150-200 g)were administered with STZ(55 mg/kg,i.p.).Then they were randomly assigned to various groups,viz.,normal,diabetic control,insulin(10 IU/kg,s.c.),apigenin(5,10,and 20 mg/kg,p.o.),and insulin(10 IU/kg)plus apigenin(20 mg/kg,p.o.).Various behavioral,biochemical,and molecular markers[tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)]were assessed.Results:Apigenin(10 and 20 mg/kg,p.o.)substantially reduced plasma glucose levels,lipid profile,aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase,glycated hemoglobin,and neural advanced glycation end products in STZ-induced DN rats(P<0.05).After apigenin intervention,STZ-induced changes in food and water intake,body weight,urine output,allodynia,hyperalgesia,and insulin levels were markedly improved(P<0.05).Neural antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione)and Na+K+ATPase activity were also considerably elevated(P<0.05)while the level of lipid peroxidation was diminished following apigenin therapy(P<0.05).Furthermore,apigenin markedly upregulated the Nrf2 mRNA level while downregulating the mRNA expressions of TNF-αand ILs and the protein expressions of TLR4 and MyD88(P<0.05).STZ-induced histological abnormalities in the sciatic nerve were also improved by apigenin treatment.Conclusions:Apigenin exerts its neuroprotective effect by modulating the inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways via regulating the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway.展开更多
The intestinal epithelium constitutes a physical and functional barrier between the external environment and the host organism. It is formed by a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells maintained together...The intestinal epithelium constitutes a physical and functional barrier between the external environment and the host organism. It is formed by a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells maintained together by intercellular junctional complex, limiting access of pathogens, toxins and xenobiotics to host tissues. Once this barrier integrity is disrupted, inflammatory disorders and tissue injury are initiated and perpetuated. Beneath the intestinal epithelial cells lies a population of astrocyte-like cells that are known as enteric glia. The morphological characteristics and expression markers of these enteric glia cells were identical to the astrocytes of the central nervous system. In the past few years, enteric glia have been demonstrated to have a trophic and supporting relationship with intestinal epithelial cells. Enteric glia lesions and/or functional defects can be involved in the barrier dysfunction. Besides, factors secreted by enteric glia are important for the regulation of gut barrier function. Moreover, enteric glia have an important impact on epithelial cell transcriptome and induce a shift in epithelial cell phenotype towards increased cell adhesion and cell differentiation.Enteric glia can also preserve epithelial barrier against intestinal bacteria insult. In this review, we will describe the current body of evidence supporting functional roles of enteric glia on intestinal barrier.展开更多
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Wang et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology in 2023.We focused on identifying risk factors for lymph node metastasis(LNM)in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(SESCC)patients and how to construct a simple and reliable clinical prediction model to assess the risk of LNM in SESCC patients,thereby helping to guide the selection of an appropriate treatment plan.The current standard treatment for SESCC is radical esophagectomy with lymph node dissection.However,esophagectomy is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.Endoscopic resection(ER)offers a safer and less invasive alternative to surgical resection and can enable the patient's quality of life to be maintained while providing a satisfactory outcome.However,since ER is a localized treatment that does not allow for lymph node dissection,the risk of LNM in SESCC limits the effectiveness of ER.Understanding LNM status can aid in determining whether patients with SESCC can be cured by ER without the need for additional esophagectomy.Previous studies have shown that tumor size,macroscopic type of tumor,degree of differentiation,depth of tumor invasion,and lymphovascular invasion are factors associated with LNM in patients with SESCC.In addition,tumor budding is commonly associated with LNM,recurrence,and distant metastasis,but this topic has been less covered in previous studies.By comprehensively evaluating the above risk factors for LNM,useful evidence can be obtained for doctors to select appropriate treatments for SESCC patients.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program),No.82070540The Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,No.tsqn202211309Program of Medical and Health Research Guidance in Qingdao City,No.2022-WJZD108.
文摘This letter offers commentary on an article published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Hemorrhoidal artery embolization is a promising approach to severe hemorrhoidal bleeding treatment,but inappropriate patient selection and the use of different embolization procedures may affect the clinical efficacy and cause serious complications.In this article,the most appropriate candidate patients,embolization materials,embolization methods,and clinical evaluation methods are discussed to improve the safety and effectiveness of the procedure.
文摘Objective:To determine the neuroprotective effects of apigenin against streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy(DN).Methods:To induce DN,Wistar rats(150-200 g)were administered with STZ(55 mg/kg,i.p.).Then they were randomly assigned to various groups,viz.,normal,diabetic control,insulin(10 IU/kg,s.c.),apigenin(5,10,and 20 mg/kg,p.o.),and insulin(10 IU/kg)plus apigenin(20 mg/kg,p.o.).Various behavioral,biochemical,and molecular markers[tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)]were assessed.Results:Apigenin(10 and 20 mg/kg,p.o.)substantially reduced plasma glucose levels,lipid profile,aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase,glycated hemoglobin,and neural advanced glycation end products in STZ-induced DN rats(P<0.05).After apigenin intervention,STZ-induced changes in food and water intake,body weight,urine output,allodynia,hyperalgesia,and insulin levels were markedly improved(P<0.05).Neural antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione)and Na+K+ATPase activity were also considerably elevated(P<0.05)while the level of lipid peroxidation was diminished following apigenin therapy(P<0.05).Furthermore,apigenin markedly upregulated the Nrf2 mRNA level while downregulating the mRNA expressions of TNF-αand ILs and the protein expressions of TLR4 and MyD88(P<0.05).STZ-induced histological abnormalities in the sciatic nerve were also improved by apigenin treatment.Conclusions:Apigenin exerts its neuroprotective effect by modulating the inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways via regulating the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,NSFC,No.81200270the Scientific Research Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientist of Shandong Province,No.BS2012SW012
文摘The intestinal epithelium constitutes a physical and functional barrier between the external environment and the host organism. It is formed by a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells maintained together by intercellular junctional complex, limiting access of pathogens, toxins and xenobiotics to host tissues. Once this barrier integrity is disrupted, inflammatory disorders and tissue injury are initiated and perpetuated. Beneath the intestinal epithelial cells lies a population of astrocyte-like cells that are known as enteric glia. The morphological characteristics and expression markers of these enteric glia cells were identical to the astrocytes of the central nervous system. In the past few years, enteric glia have been demonstrated to have a trophic and supporting relationship with intestinal epithelial cells. Enteric glia lesions and/or functional defects can be involved in the barrier dysfunction. Besides, factors secreted by enteric glia are important for the regulation of gut barrier function. Moreover, enteric glia have an important impact on epithelial cell transcriptome and induce a shift in epithelial cell phenotype towards increased cell adhesion and cell differentiation.Enteric glia can also preserve epithelial barrier against intestinal bacteria insult. In this review, we will describe the current body of evidence supporting functional roles of enteric glia on intestinal barrier.
