Anterior repositioning splint(ARS)therapy is considered one of the most effective therapies for treating disc displacement-related temporomandibular disorders(TMDs),which account for a large proportion of TMD cases.Ow...Anterior repositioning splint(ARS)therapy is considered one of the most effective therapies for treating disc displacement-related temporomandibular disorders(TMDs),which account for a large proportion of TMD cases.Owing to the wide application of this therapy,the exact mechanism of remission has increasingly drawn attention.Given that practitioners have different views on ARS therapy,its indications are broadened,and operating methods diverged.This review attempts to provide an overview of ARS therapy and helps practitioners establish indications and suitable operating methods.Representative views in the past 10 years were summarised,and conclusions were drawn as follows:The mechanism of ARS therapy is mainly attributed to internal derangement correction,improvement of stress distribution and recently reported joint remodeling.It has an evident effect in the short term,and the most prevalent operating methods are protruding the mandible to the edge-to-edge position and wearing the ARS for 24 hours daily for 3-6 months.However,long-term stability is not optimal,and thus indications should be selected carefully.Notably,most of the clinical studies in this field are case analyses with low-quality evidence.Well-designed RCTs are required to further validate relevant theories.展开更多
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious autoimmune liver disease that threatens human health worldwide,which emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel treatments.Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teet...BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious autoimmune liver disease that threatens human health worldwide,which emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel treatments.Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED),which are easy to obtain in a non-invasive manner,show pronounced proliferative and immunomodulatory capacities.AIM To investigate the protective effects of SHED on concanavalin A(ConA)-induced hepatitis in mice,and to elucidate the associated regulatory mechanisms.METHODS We used a ConA-induced acute hepatitis mouse model and an in vitro co-culture system to study the protective effects of SHED on ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis,as well as the associated underlying mechanisms.RESULTS SHED infusion could prevent aberrant histopathological liver architecture caused by ConA-induced infiltration of CD3+,CD4+,tumor necrosis-alpha+,and interferon-gamma+inflammatory cells.Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly elevated in hepatitis mice.SHED infusion could therefore block ConA-induced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase elevations.Mechanistically,ConA upregulated tumor necrosisalpha and interferon-gamma expression,which was activated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway to induce hepatocyte apoptosis,resulting in acute liver injury.SHED administration protected hepatocytes from ConA-induced apoptosis.CONCLUSION SHED alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.Our findings could provide a potential treatment strategy for hepatitis.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate,the long-term stability of vertical control in hyperdivergent patients treated with temporary anchorage devices.The sample included 20 hyperdivergent patients without anterior open bite.The...This study aims to evaluate,the long-term stability of vertical control in hyperdivergent patients treated with temporary anchorage devices.The sample included 20 hyperdivergent patients without anterior open bite.The temporary anchorage devices were used to intrude the upper incisor and molars for vertical control.Lateral cephalograms were established prior to treatment,immediately after treatment,and during retention. The upper molars and incisors were intruded by 1.33 mm and 1.41 mm after treatment (P<0.05).U6-PP increased by 0.11 mm and 0.23 mm during the first and second stages of retention (P>0.05).U1-PP was found to possess a significant extrusion of 1.2 mm during the first stage (P<0.05),which increased by 0.68 mm during the second stage (P>0.05). The mandibular plane angle (MP-SN)decreased by 2.58 degrees following treatment, and underwent a relapse of 0.51 degree and 0.42 degree during the first and second stages of retention respectively (P>0.05).No significant soft tissue changes occurred,with the exception of increased upper lip length during the second stage (P<0.05).Maxillary anterior and posterior intrusions,counter clockwise rotation,of the mandibular plane,and improved profiles can be successfully achieved following treatment with vertical control. During the first stage of retention (less than three years),intruded molars and incisors both exhibited some extrusion,and molars had better long-term stability than incisors. During the second stage of retention (three to six years),the therapeutic effects appeared stable,with the exception of some increase in upper lip length.Rotated mandibular plane remained stable during the entire retention period.展开更多
Microdamage accumulation in bone is one of the mechanisms for energy dissipation during the fracture process. Changes in the ultrastructure and composition of bone constituents due to aging or diseases could affect mi...Microdamage accumulation in bone is one of the mechanisms for energy dissipation during the fracture process. Changes in the ultrastructure and composition of bone constituents due to aging or diseases could affect microdamage accumulation. Low concentration(1 m M) of sodium fluoride(Na F) has been used in this study to investigate the effect of ultrastructural changes on microdamage accumulation in mouse tibias following free-fall impact loadings.Twenty-two tibias were divided randomly into control and Na F-treated groups. Free-fall impact loading was conducted twice on each tibia to produce microdamage. The elastic modulus of Na F-treated tibias decreased significantly after the impact loadings, while there was no significant difference in the modulus of untreated samples between pre- and post-damage loadings. Microdamage morphology analysis showed that less and shorter microcracks existed in Na F-treated tibias compared with control bones. Meanwhile, more and longer microcracks were observed in tensile regions in untreated samples compared with that in compressive regions, whereas no significant difference was observed between tensile and compressive regions in Na F-treated bones. The results of this study indicate that more energy is required to generate microcracks in Na F-treated bone thanin normal bone. A low concentration of fluoride treatment may increase the toughness of bone under impact loading.展开更多
Dental biofilm is the initiating factor of oral diseases,such as periodontitis and caries.Orthodontic treatment could alter the microbiome structure balance,and increase the risk of such diseases.Furthermore,fixed app...Dental biofilm is the initiating factor of oral diseases,such as periodontitis and caries.Orthodontic treatment could alter the microbiome structure balance,and increase the risk of such diseases.Furthermore,fixed appliances can induce temporary changes in the microbiome community,and the changes that clear aligners bring are smaller by comparison.Temporary anchorage devices(TADs)are skeletal anchorages that are widely used in orthodontic treatment.Microorganisms affect the occurrence and development of inflammation surrounding TADs.At present,existing researches have verified the existence of plaque biofilm on the surface of TADs,but the formation of plaque biofilm and plaque composition under different stable conditions have not been fully understood.The development of high-throughput sequencing,molecular biology experiments,and metabonomics have provided new research ideas to solve this problem.They can become an effective means to explore the microbiome surrounding TADs.展开更多
Background:Network analyses have been widely utilized to evaluate large datasets,but have not yet been used to explore factors associated with risk behaviours.In combination with traditional regression analysis,networ...Background:Network analyses have been widely utilized to evaluate large datasets,but have not yet been used to explore factors associated with risk behaviours.In combination with traditional regression analysis,network analyses may provide useful information and highlight key factors for reducing needle sharing behaviours among people who inject drugs(PWID).Methods:Sociodemographic data,and information on injection behaviour and sexual practices were collected from a cross-sectional survey that was conducted with PWID in five prefectures of Yunnan province,China.A combination of logistic regression and correlation network analyses were used to explore key factors for reducing needle-sharing behaviours among PWID.Results:In a total of 1049 PWID,37.5%had a history of needle or syringe sharing.The logistic analysis showed that Zhaotong,Qujing,Dehong,or Lincang residents,diazepam use,longer injection duration,needle reuse,and infection with HIV,viral hepatitis,tuberculosis and/or malaria were independently associated with needle sharing.The correlation network analyses showed that,compared to PWID who had never shared needles,PWID who did share needles would achieve harm reduction goals faster and more permanently.HIV serostatus and marital status were found to be closely associated with other risk factors.By combining regression analyses with network analyses,it was shown that PWID who are HIV seropositive will be an ideal target group for harm reduction programs.Conclusion:Needle-sharing behaviours are common among PWID in Yunnan,and harm reduction programs may help PWID who are HIV seropositive reduce risk behaviours and prevent blood borne diseases.展开更多
Dear Editor,Toxoplasma gondii was discovered more than 100 years ago and has a broad-spectrum of intermediate hosts in addition to its definitive host,felids.Although it does not cause symptomatic illness in most adul...Dear Editor,Toxoplasma gondii was discovered more than 100 years ago and has a broad-spectrum of intermediate hosts in addition to its definitive host,felids.Although it does not cause symptomatic illness in most adults,it can lead to mental retardation in congenitally infected children and展开更多
SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation links to the acute lung injury and COVID-19 severity.Identifying the primary mediators that initiate the uncontrolled hypercytokinemia is essential for treatments.Mast c...SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation links to the acute lung injury and COVID-19 severity.Identifying the primary mediators that initiate the uncontrolled hypercytokinemia is essential for treatments.Mast cells(MCs)are strategically located at the mucosa and beneficially or detrimentally regulate immune inflammations.In this study,we showed that SARS-CoV-2-triggered MC degranulation initiated alveolar epithelial inflammation and lung injury.SARS-CoV-2 challenge induced MC degranulation in ACE-2 humanized mice and rhesus macaques,and a rapid MC degranulation could be recapitulated with Spike-RBD binding to ACE2 in cells;MC degranulation altered various signaling pathways in alveolar epithelial cells,particularly,the induction of pro-inflammatory factors and consequential disruption of tight junctions.Importantly,the administration of clinical MC stabilizers for blocking degranulation dampened SARS-CoV-2-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors and prevented lung injury.These findings uncover a novel mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 initiating lung inflammation,and suggest an off-label use of MC stabilizer as immunomodulators for COVID-19 treatments.展开更多
文摘Anterior repositioning splint(ARS)therapy is considered one of the most effective therapies for treating disc displacement-related temporomandibular disorders(TMDs),which account for a large proportion of TMD cases.Owing to the wide application of this therapy,the exact mechanism of remission has increasingly drawn attention.Given that practitioners have different views on ARS therapy,its indications are broadened,and operating methods diverged.This review attempts to provide an overview of ARS therapy and helps practitioners establish indications and suitable operating methods.Representative views in the past 10 years were summarised,and conclusions were drawn as follows:The mechanism of ARS therapy is mainly attributed to internal derangement correction,improvement of stress distribution and recently reported joint remodeling.It has an evident effect in the short term,and the most prevalent operating methods are protruding the mandible to the edge-to-edge position and wearing the ARS for 24 hours daily for 3-6 months.However,long-term stability is not optimal,and thus indications should be selected carefully.Notably,most of the clinical studies in this field are case analyses with low-quality evidence.Well-designed RCTs are required to further validate relevant theories.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81970940 and No.81600865Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7182182and the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2018ZX10302207.
文摘BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious autoimmune liver disease that threatens human health worldwide,which emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel treatments.Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED),which are easy to obtain in a non-invasive manner,show pronounced proliferative and immunomodulatory capacities.AIM To investigate the protective effects of SHED on concanavalin A(ConA)-induced hepatitis in mice,and to elucidate the associated regulatory mechanisms.METHODS We used a ConA-induced acute hepatitis mouse model and an in vitro co-culture system to study the protective effects of SHED on ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis,as well as the associated underlying mechanisms.RESULTS SHED infusion could prevent aberrant histopathological liver architecture caused by ConA-induced infiltration of CD3+,CD4+,tumor necrosis-alpha+,and interferon-gamma+inflammatory cells.Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly elevated in hepatitis mice.SHED infusion could therefore block ConA-induced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase elevations.Mechanistically,ConA upregulated tumor necrosisalpha and interferon-gamma expression,which was activated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway to induce hepatocyte apoptosis,resulting in acute liver injury.SHED administration protected hepatocytes from ConA-induced apoptosis.CONCLUSION SHED alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.Our findings could provide a potential treatment strategy for hepatitis.
文摘This study aims to evaluate,the long-term stability of vertical control in hyperdivergent patients treated with temporary anchorage devices.The sample included 20 hyperdivergent patients without anterior open bite.The temporary anchorage devices were used to intrude the upper incisor and molars for vertical control.Lateral cephalograms were established prior to treatment,immediately after treatment,and during retention. The upper molars and incisors were intruded by 1.33 mm and 1.41 mm after treatment (P<0.05).U6-PP increased by 0.11 mm and 0.23 mm during the first and second stages of retention (P>0.05).U1-PP was found to possess a significant extrusion of 1.2 mm during the first stage (P<0.05),which increased by 0.68 mm during the second stage (P>0.05). The mandibular plane angle (MP-SN)decreased by 2.58 degrees following treatment, and underwent a relapse of 0.51 degree and 0.42 degree during the first and second stages of retention respectively (P>0.05).No significant soft tissue changes occurred,with the exception of increased upper lip length during the second stage (P<0.05).Maxillary anterior and posterior intrusions,counter clockwise rotation,of the mandibular plane,and improved profiles can be successfully achieved following treatment with vertical control. During the first stage of retention (less than three years),intruded molars and incisors both exhibited some extrusion,and molars had better long-term stability than incisors. During the second stage of retention (three to six years),the therapeutic effects appeared stable,with the exception of some increase in upper lip length.Rotated mandibular plane remained stable during the entire retention period.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 10872007)
文摘Microdamage accumulation in bone is one of the mechanisms for energy dissipation during the fracture process. Changes in the ultrastructure and composition of bone constituents due to aging or diseases could affect microdamage accumulation. Low concentration(1 m M) of sodium fluoride(Na F) has been used in this study to investigate the effect of ultrastructural changes on microdamage accumulation in mouse tibias following free-fall impact loadings.Twenty-two tibias were divided randomly into control and Na F-treated groups. Free-fall impact loading was conducted twice on each tibia to produce microdamage. The elastic modulus of Na F-treated tibias decreased significantly after the impact loadings, while there was no significant difference in the modulus of untreated samples between pre- and post-damage loadings. Microdamage morphology analysis showed that less and shorter microcracks existed in Na F-treated tibias compared with control bones. Meanwhile, more and longer microcracks were observed in tensile regions in untreated samples compared with that in compressive regions, whereas no significant difference was observed between tensile and compressive regions in Na F-treated bones. The results of this study indicate that more energy is required to generate microcracks in Na F-treated bone thanin normal bone. A low concentration of fluoride treatment may increase the toughness of bone under impact loading.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z171100001017128)National Program for Multidisciplinary Cooperative Treatment on Major Diseases(No.PKUSSNMP-202013)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81671015)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680263).
文摘Dental biofilm is the initiating factor of oral diseases,such as periodontitis and caries.Orthodontic treatment could alter the microbiome structure balance,and increase the risk of such diseases.Furthermore,fixed appliances can induce temporary changes in the microbiome community,and the changes that clear aligners bring are smaller by comparison.Temporary anchorage devices(TADs)are skeletal anchorages that are widely used in orthodontic treatment.Microorganisms affect the occurrence and development of inflammation surrounding TADs.At present,existing researches have verified the existence of plaque biofilm on the surface of TADs,but the formation of plaque biofilm and plaque composition under different stable conditions have not been fully understood.The development of high-throughput sequencing,molecular biology experiments,and metabonomics have provided new research ideas to solve this problem.They can become an effective means to explore the microbiome surrounding TADs.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81271892,U1302224,U1202228)the Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(2012ZX10001-006,2012ZX10001-007)。
文摘Background:Network analyses have been widely utilized to evaluate large datasets,but have not yet been used to explore factors associated with risk behaviours.In combination with traditional regression analysis,network analyses may provide useful information and highlight key factors for reducing needle sharing behaviours among people who inject drugs(PWID).Methods:Sociodemographic data,and information on injection behaviour and sexual practices were collected from a cross-sectional survey that was conducted with PWID in five prefectures of Yunnan province,China.A combination of logistic regression and correlation network analyses were used to explore key factors for reducing needle-sharing behaviours among PWID.Results:In a total of 1049 PWID,37.5%had a history of needle or syringe sharing.The logistic analysis showed that Zhaotong,Qujing,Dehong,or Lincang residents,diazepam use,longer injection duration,needle reuse,and infection with HIV,viral hepatitis,tuberculosis and/or malaria were independently associated with needle sharing.The correlation network analyses showed that,compared to PWID who had never shared needles,PWID who did share needles would achieve harm reduction goals faster and more permanently.HIV serostatus and marital status were found to be closely associated with other risk factors.By combining regression analyses with network analyses,it was shown that PWID who are HIV seropositive will be an ideal target group for harm reduction programs.Conclusion:Needle-sharing behaviours are common among PWID in Yunnan,and harm reduction programs may help PWID who are HIV seropositive reduce risk behaviours and prevent blood borne diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81271892,U1302224,U1202228)Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(2012ZX10001-006,2012ZX10001-007)
文摘Dear Editor,Toxoplasma gondii was discovered more than 100 years ago and has a broad-spectrum of intermediate hosts in addition to its definitive host,felids.Although it does not cause symptomatic illness in most adults,it can lead to mental retardation in congenitally infected children and
文摘SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation links to the acute lung injury and COVID-19 severity.Identifying the primary mediators that initiate the uncontrolled hypercytokinemia is essential for treatments.Mast cells(MCs)are strategically located at the mucosa and beneficially or detrimentally regulate immune inflammations.In this study,we showed that SARS-CoV-2-triggered MC degranulation initiated alveolar epithelial inflammation and lung injury.SARS-CoV-2 challenge induced MC degranulation in ACE-2 humanized mice and rhesus macaques,and a rapid MC degranulation could be recapitulated with Spike-RBD binding to ACE2 in cells;MC degranulation altered various signaling pathways in alveolar epithelial cells,particularly,the induction of pro-inflammatory factors and consequential disruption of tight junctions.Importantly,the administration of clinical MC stabilizers for blocking degranulation dampened SARS-CoV-2-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors and prevented lung injury.These findings uncover a novel mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 initiating lung inflammation,and suggest an off-label use of MC stabilizer as immunomodulators for COVID-19 treatments.
