Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)subtype H5Nx viruses have spread globally and are a major concern for poultry,wild birds,mammals,and even humans(de Vries et al.2015;Zeng et al.2022).The hemagglutinin(HA)genes o...Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)subtype H5Nx viruses have spread globally and are a major concern for poultry,wild birds,mammals,and even humans(de Vries et al.2015;Zeng et al.2022).The hemagglutinin(HA)genes of H5 subtype viruses have evolved into multiple clades and some of these clades have been further divided into subclades(Cui et al.2022).Clade 2.3.4.4H5N8 HPAI viruses(HPAIVs)have caused several waves of disease outbreaks in wild birds and domestic poultry(Wang et al.2022).展开更多
Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this stu...Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this study,we aimed to explore the microbial community in thyroid tissues and its contribution to papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).In parallel,we performed microbial profiling and transcriptome sequencing in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of a large cohort of 340 PTC and benign thyroid nodule(BTN)patients.Distinct microbial signatures were identified in PTC,BTN,and their adjacent nontumor tissues.Intra-thyroid tissue bacteria were verified by means of bacteria staining,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and immunoelectron microscopy.We found that 17 bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in PTC compared with BTN,which included enrichment in PTC of the pathobionts Rhodococcus,Neisseria,Streptococcus,Halomonas,and Devosia,and depletion of the beneficial bacteria Amycolatopsis.These differentially abundant bacteria could differentiate PTC tumor tissues(PTC-T)from BTN tissues(BTN-T)with an area under the curve(AUC)of 81.66%.Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among the bacterial taxa in PTC-T in comparison with BTN-T.Immunefunction-corresponding bacteria(i.e.,Erwinia,Bacillus,and Acinetobacter)were found to be enriched in PTC with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Moreover,our integrative analysis revealed that the PTC-enriched bacteria had a positive association with key PTC-oncogenic pathway-related genes,including BRAF,KRAS,IRAK4,CTNNB1,PIK3CA,MAP3K7,and EGFR.In conclusion,our results suggest that intratumor bacteria dysbiosis is associated with the thyroid tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways of PTC.展开更多
In view of the current situation of aging, functional decline and protection difficulties in historic blocks, the feasibility of commercial regeneration is discussed. Referring to the relevant theories of protection a...In view of the current situation of aging, functional decline and protection difficulties in historic blocks, the feasibility of commercial regeneration is discussed. Referring to the relevant theories of protection and renewal of historic blocks, field investigation and expert consultation, fuzzy evaluation method and analytic hierarchy process are introduced to carry out a research study on the spatial adaptability of historic blocks for commercial regeneration and establish a preliminary evaluation system. An example of Dongguan Street Historic Block in Dalian is used to test the evaluation system. This provides a basis for the formulation of commercial regeneration strategy in the next stage.展开更多
Surveys on public housing in Northern China indicated that the common aim of Chinese public housing, which is to provide affordable housing, had been mostly satisfied. However, more than one fourth (29.9%) of the publ...Surveys on public housing in Northern China indicated that the common aim of Chinese public housing, which is to provide affordable housing, had been mostly satisfied. However, more than one fourth (29.9%) of the public housing units that were investigated were structurally modified by their occupiers for different layouts. This situation indicated that a fixed plan could not fulfill housing occupiers’ various requirements on spacing layout, and critical awareness had been shown that the adaptability of the public housing units was always ignored. Open Building is well organized and implemented in the field of residential area to increase adaptability and sustainability of dwellings. This paper reviewed the development of residential Open Building and attempted to reveal solutions for the design of adaptability in Chinese public housing. Based on the dwelling unit types, dwelling spaces, living modes and demographic conditions of the public housing units were investigated;and concerning the actual carried out adaptations in the public housing units, this research explored two levels of design and control methods: prototyping unit for possible layouts and flexible partitions for space-function reconfiguration. By adding design values of adaptability in public housing, key aspects showing?the potentials and challenges for the design of public housing were summarized for future reference.展开更多
Visual question answering(VQA)requires a deep understanding of images and their corresponding textual questions to answer questions about images more accurately.However,existing models tend to ignore the implicit know...Visual question answering(VQA)requires a deep understanding of images and their corresponding textual questions to answer questions about images more accurately.However,existing models tend to ignore the implicit knowledge in the images and focus only on the visual information in the images,which limits the understanding depth of the image content.The images contain more than just visual objects,some images contain textual information about the scene,and slightly more complex images contain relationships between individual visual objects.Firstly,this paper proposes a model using image description for feature enhancement.This model encodes images and their descriptions separately based on the question-guided coattention mechanism.This mechanism increases the feature representation of the model,enhancing the model’s ability for reasoning.In addition,this paper improves the bottom-up attention model by obtaining two image region features.After obtaining the two visual features and the spatial position information corresponding to each feature,concatenating the two features as the final image feature can better represent an image.Finally,the obtained spatial position information is processed to enable the model to perceive the size and relative position of each object in the image.Our best single model delivers a 74.16%overall accuracy on the VQA 2.0 dataset,our model even outperforms some multi-modal pre-training models with fewer images and a shorter time.展开更多
Synthesizing a stable and efficient photocatalyst has been the most important research goal up to now. Owing to the dominant performance of g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride), an ordered assemble of a composite photoca...Synthesizing a stable and efficient photocatalyst has been the most important research goal up to now. Owing to the dominant performance of g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride), an ordered assemble of a composite photocatalyst, Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4, was successfully designed and controllably prepared for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. The electron transport routes were successfully adjusted and the H2 evolution was greatly improved. The maximum amount of H2 evolved reached about 531.2 μmol for 5 h over Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4 photocatalyst with a molar ratio of Zn to Ni of 1:3 under illumination of 5 W LED white light (wavelength 420 nm). The H2 evolution rate was 54.7 times higher than that over pure g-C3N4. Moreover, no obvious reduction in the photocatalytic activity was observed even after 4 cycles of H2 production for 5 h. This synergistically increased effect was confirmed through the results of characterizations such as XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, N2 adsorption, UV-vis DRS, transient photocurrent, FT-IR, transient fluorescence, and Mott-Schottky studies. These studies showed that the Zn-Ni-P nanoparticles modified on g-C3N4 provide more active sites and improve the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation. In addition, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production is proposed.展开更多
Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)and layered double hydroxides(LDHs)have been considered to be one of the most promising and worthy hot spot materials to develop advanced catalysts for effi cient hydrogen evolution due ...Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)and layered double hydroxides(LDHs)have been considered to be one of the most promising and worthy hot spot materials to develop advanced catalysts for effi cient hydrogen evolution due to their prominent characteristics,including unique structures,environmentally friendly nature,high redox activities,and homogeneously eff ective utilization of transition metal atoms.In this work,the delicate S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst,CoAl LDH@Ni-MOF-74,was rationally designed and successfully constructed by coupling Ni-MOF-74 with CoAl LDH based on their peculiar structure,excellent electronic properties,and opposite surface potential for enhancing hydrogen generation activity under visible light irradiation.The CoAl LDH nanolayers evenly and dispersedly load on the surface of Ni-MOF-74.The CoAl LDH@Ni-MOF-74 exhibited higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity compared with Ni-MOF-74 and CoAl LDH alone,mainly because the formation of the CoAl LDH@Ni-MOF-74 S-scheme heterojunction accelerated the recombination of several electrons(from conduction band(CB)of Ni-MOF-74)and holes(from valence band(VB)of CoAl LDH)and prevented the recombination of other electrons(from CB of CoAl LDH)and holes(from VB of Ni-MOF-74).展开更多
Objective: To investigate whether sequential regimen such as traditional anti-reabsorption medications followed by zoledronic acid could reduce the side effects after initiation of zoledronic acid in postmenopausal os...Objective: To investigate whether sequential regimen such as traditional anti-reabsorption medications followed by zoledronic acid could reduce the side effects after initiation of zoledronic acid in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Methods: A total of 156 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients who presented at our osteoporosis outpatient clinic were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, alendronate group, calcitonin group, and raloxifene group. All participants were treated with Caltrate 600 mg per day and calcitriol 0.25 ug per day as a baseline treatment, followed by administrating 5 mg/100 mL of zoledronic acid intravenously for one single time three months afterwards. During the abovementioned course of three months, the alendronate group received 70 mg of alendronate sodium orally once a week, the calcitonin group received nasal spray form of salmon calcitonin 10iu daily, the raloxifene group received 60mg of raloxifene orally daily, and the control group received nothing but only the baseline treatment. We tested parameters such as β-cross, blood calcium level, renal function both pre and post zoledronic acid treatment. We also documented those side effects that typically occurred within one week of treatment initiation, which included the proportion, severity, onset time, and duration of the fever, demand for pain medication, severity of bone and joint pain, flu-like symptoms, arrhythmia, blood calcium level, and kidney function impairment. We also evaluated how willing the patients were to receive a second dose of zoledronic acid. Then we did comparative analysis between control group and sequential group. Results: The side effects such as fever, bone and joint pain, flu-like symptoms after zoledronic acid treatment in alendronate group and calcitonin group were all significantly lower than that in control group, while raloxifene group showed no significant difference compared to that in the control group. The proportions of patients who needed NSAIDs in the alendronate group and the calcitonin group were significantly lower than that in control group. However, the raloxifene group showed no significant difference in the NSAIDs demand from that of the control group. The percentages of patients who consented to a second dose of zoledronate therapy in the alendronate, calcitonin and raloxifene groups were significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusions: Sequential treatment with alendronate sodium or calcitonin can significantly reduce the side effects such as fever, bone/joint pain, flu-like symptoms caused by first-time zoledronic acid therapy. Raloxifene sequential treatment does not seem to have decreased or increased the side effects of zoledronic acid treatment. Also, sequential treatment can improve the patient compliance with a second dose of zoledronic acid.展开更多
Bacterial biofilm-associated infection was one of the most serious threats to human health. However, effective drugs for drug-resistance bacteria or biofilms remain rarely reported. Here, we propose an innovative stra...Bacterial biofilm-associated infection was one of the most serious threats to human health. However, effective drugs for drug-resistance bacteria or biofilms remain rarely reported. Here, we propose an innovative strategy to develop a multifunctional antimicrobial agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity by coupling photosensitizers (PSs) with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This strategy capitalizes on the ability of PSs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the membrane-targeting property of AMPs (KRWWKWIRW, a peptide screened by an artificial neural network), synergistically enhancing the antimicrobial activity. In addition, unlike conventional aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) photosensitizers, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PSs show stronger fluorescence emission in the aggregated state to help visualize the antibacterial mechanism. In vitro antibacterial experiments demonstrated the excellent killing effects of the developed agent against both Gram-positive (G^(+)) and Gram-negative (G^(–)) bacteria. The bacterial-aggregations induced ability enhanced the photoactivatable antibacterial activity against G^(–) bacteria. Notably, it exhibited a significant effect on destroying MRSA biofilms. Moreover, it also showed remarkable efficacy in treating wound infections in mice in vivo. This multifunctional antimicrobial agent holds significant potential in addressing the challenges posed by bacterial biofilm-associated infections and drug-resistant bacteria.展开更多
A chemical investigation on Sporormiella sp.led to the isolation and structural elucidation of tripodalsporormielones Ae C(1-3),a new class of polyketide possessing unprecedented cage-like skeletons with polyvdent bri...A chemical investigation on Sporormiella sp.led to the isolation and structural elucidation of tripodalsporormielones Ae C(1-3),a new class of polyketide possessing unprecedented cage-like skeletons with polyvdent bridged and fused ring systems.These polyketides with cage-like skeletons were characterized as a high non-protonated carbon-containing system,which resulted in few HMBC correlations observed and made the accurate structures hard to be obtained by NMR.Especially,some signals of non-protonated sp;carbons are weak and even unobservable in compound 1.In order to establish the structure of 1,the calculated NMR with DP4 evaluation was applied to determine the structure from the plausible structure candidates obtained from the detailed NMR analysis.Based on NMR experiments and calculated NMR,the structures of isolated compounds were established and confirmed by X-ray technology.Through chiral isolation,the optically pure enantiomers of 1 and 3 were obtained,and their absolute configurations were determined based on ECD quantum chemical calculation.Based on the isolated compounds and our previous work,1-3 would be derived from 3-methylorcinaldehyde,and their plausible biosynthetic mechanism was proposed.Furthermore,1 exhibited obvious short-term memory improvement activity on an Alzheimer’s disease fly model.展开更多
Developments of digital technology and three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction allowed a precise description of anatomic structures.With the introduction of Visible Human Project and Virtual Chinese Human(VCH)techniques,m...Developments of digital technology and three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction allowed a precise description of anatomic structures.With the introduction of Visible Human Project and Virtual Chinese Human(VCH)techniques,more detailed anatomic images could be obtained.Digitized visible models of these structures can be applied as a useful tool in clinical training.The aim of this study was to reconstruct the normal structures of thoracodorsal artery in 3D images and to establish the digitized visible models of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous(LDM)flap.The cross-sectional images from the four VCH datasets were reviewed to study LDM and thoraco-dorsal artery structures on a section-by-section basis.Next,two adult fresh cadaver specimens were perfused with lead oxide-gelatine mixture and subject to radio-graphic CT scanning on their torsos.The cross-sectional images from the CT images were reviewed to study thor-acodorsal artery structures.Three-dimensional computer-ized reconstructions of LDM flap structures were conducted from these datasets by using Amira 3.1(TGS)software respectively.The 3D reconstructed visible models established from these datasets perfectly displayed the anatomic characteristics of LDM flap.展开更多
The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor ...The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.展开更多
Antigenic drift forces us to frequently update influenza vaccines; however, the genetic basis for antigenic variation remains largely unknown. In this study, we used clade 7.2 H5 viruses as models to explore the molec...Antigenic drift forces us to frequently update influenza vaccines; however, the genetic basis for antigenic variation remains largely unknown. In this study, we used clade 7.2 H5 viruses as models to explore the molecular determinants of influenza virus antigenic variation. We generated eight monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) targeted to the hemagglutinin(HA) protein of the index virus A/chicken/Shanxi/2/2006 and found that two representative antigenically drifted clade 7.2 viruses did not react with six of the eight MAbs. The E131 N mutation and insertion of leucine at position 134 in the HA protein of the antigenically drifted strains eliminated the reactivity of the virus with the MAbs. We also found that the amino acid N131 in the H5 HA protein is glycosylated. Our results provide experimental evidence that glycosylation and an amino acid insertion or deletion in HA influence antigenic variation.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Republic of Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa,bordering Guinea and Liberia,with a population of 7.8 million in 2019(1).It has a tropical monsoon climate,with high temperatures and plen...BACKGROUND The Republic of Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa,bordering Guinea and Liberia,with a population of 7.8 million in 2019(1).It has a tropical monsoon climate,with high temperatures and plentiful precipitation.As one of the least developed countries in the world(2),Sierra Leone has long struggled with poor health outcomes with a life expectancy at birth of 59 for male and 61 for female,and high maternal and neonatal mortality,threatened by infectious diseases such as malaria,tuberculosis,typhoid fever,cholera,and Lassa fever(3).展开更多
In this paper we present a generalized lattice Boltzmann based approach for sliding-mesh local reference frame.This scheme exactly conserves hydrodynamic fluxes across local reference frame interface.The accuracy and ...In this paper we present a generalized lattice Boltzmann based approach for sliding-mesh local reference frame.This scheme exactly conserves hydrodynamic fluxes across local reference frame interface.The accuracy and robustness of our scheme are demonstrated by benchmark validations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970501)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2572022CG01)the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,China。
文摘Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)subtype H5Nx viruses have spread globally and are a major concern for poultry,wild birds,mammals,and even humans(de Vries et al.2015;Zeng et al.2022).The hemagglutinin(HA)genes of H5 subtype viruses have evolved into multiple clades and some of these clades have been further divided into subclades(Cui et al.2022).Clade 2.3.4.4H5N8 HPAI viruses(HPAIVs)have caused several waves of disease outbreaks in wild birds and domestic poultry(Wang et al.2022).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81772850 and 82273300)。
文摘Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this study,we aimed to explore the microbial community in thyroid tissues and its contribution to papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).In parallel,we performed microbial profiling and transcriptome sequencing in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of a large cohort of 340 PTC and benign thyroid nodule(BTN)patients.Distinct microbial signatures were identified in PTC,BTN,and their adjacent nontumor tissues.Intra-thyroid tissue bacteria were verified by means of bacteria staining,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and immunoelectron microscopy.We found that 17 bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in PTC compared with BTN,which included enrichment in PTC of the pathobionts Rhodococcus,Neisseria,Streptococcus,Halomonas,and Devosia,and depletion of the beneficial bacteria Amycolatopsis.These differentially abundant bacteria could differentiate PTC tumor tissues(PTC-T)from BTN tissues(BTN-T)with an area under the curve(AUC)of 81.66%.Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among the bacterial taxa in PTC-T in comparison with BTN-T.Immunefunction-corresponding bacteria(i.e.,Erwinia,Bacillus,and Acinetobacter)were found to be enriched in PTC with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Moreover,our integrative analysis revealed that the PTC-enriched bacteria had a positive association with key PTC-oncogenic pathway-related genes,including BRAF,KRAS,IRAK4,CTNNB1,PIK3CA,MAP3K7,and EGFR.In conclusion,our results suggest that intratumor bacteria dysbiosis is associated with the thyroid tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways of PTC.
文摘In view of the current situation of aging, functional decline and protection difficulties in historic blocks, the feasibility of commercial regeneration is discussed. Referring to the relevant theories of protection and renewal of historic blocks, field investigation and expert consultation, fuzzy evaluation method and analytic hierarchy process are introduced to carry out a research study on the spatial adaptability of historic blocks for commercial regeneration and establish a preliminary evaluation system. An example of Dongguan Street Historic Block in Dalian is used to test the evaluation system. This provides a basis for the formulation of commercial regeneration strategy in the next stage.
文摘Surveys on public housing in Northern China indicated that the common aim of Chinese public housing, which is to provide affordable housing, had been mostly satisfied. However, more than one fourth (29.9%) of the public housing units that were investigated were structurally modified by their occupiers for different layouts. This situation indicated that a fixed plan could not fulfill housing occupiers’ various requirements on spacing layout, and critical awareness had been shown that the adaptability of the public housing units was always ignored. Open Building is well organized and implemented in the field of residential area to increase adaptability and sustainability of dwellings. This paper reviewed the development of residential Open Building and attempted to reveal solutions for the design of adaptability in Chinese public housing. Based on the dwelling unit types, dwelling spaces, living modes and demographic conditions of the public housing units were investigated;and concerning the actual carried out adaptations in the public housing units, this research explored two levels of design and control methods: prototyping unit for possible layouts and flexible partitions for space-function reconfiguration. By adding design values of adaptability in public housing, key aspects showing?the potentials and challenges for the design of public housing were summarized for future reference.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U1911401.
文摘Visual question answering(VQA)requires a deep understanding of images and their corresponding textual questions to answer questions about images more accurately.However,existing models tend to ignore the implicit knowledge in the images and focus only on the visual information in the images,which limits the understanding depth of the image content.The images contain more than just visual objects,some images contain textual information about the scene,and slightly more complex images contain relationships between individual visual objects.Firstly,this paper proposes a model using image description for feature enhancement.This model encodes images and their descriptions separately based on the question-guided coattention mechanism.This mechanism increases the feature representation of the model,enhancing the model’s ability for reasoning.In addition,this paper improves the bottom-up attention model by obtaining two image region features.After obtaining the two visual features and the spatial position information corresponding to each feature,concatenating the two features as the final image feature can better represent an image.Finally,the obtained spatial position information is processed to enable the model to perceive the size and relative position of each object in the image.Our best single model delivers a 74.16%overall accuracy on the VQA 2.0 dataset,our model even outperforms some multi-modal pre-training models with fewer images and a shorter time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21862002,41663012)the Innovation Team Project of North Minzu University(YCX18082)the Scientific Research Project of North Minzu University(2016 HG-KY 06)~~
文摘Synthesizing a stable and efficient photocatalyst has been the most important research goal up to now. Owing to the dominant performance of g-C3N4 (graphitized carbonitride), an ordered assemble of a composite photocatalyst, Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4, was successfully designed and controllably prepared for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. The electron transport routes were successfully adjusted and the H2 evolution was greatly improved. The maximum amount of H2 evolved reached about 531.2 μmol for 5 h over Zn-Ni-P@g-C3N4 photocatalyst with a molar ratio of Zn to Ni of 1:3 under illumination of 5 W LED white light (wavelength 420 nm). The H2 evolution rate was 54.7 times higher than that over pure g-C3N4. Moreover, no obvious reduction in the photocatalytic activity was observed even after 4 cycles of H2 production for 5 h. This synergistically increased effect was confirmed through the results of characterizations such as XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, N2 adsorption, UV-vis DRS, transient photocurrent, FT-IR, transient fluorescence, and Mott-Schottky studies. These studies showed that the Zn-Ni-P nanoparticles modified on g-C3N4 provide more active sites and improve the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation. In addition, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production is proposed.
基金This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(No.2020AAC02026).
文摘Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)and layered double hydroxides(LDHs)have been considered to be one of the most promising and worthy hot spot materials to develop advanced catalysts for effi cient hydrogen evolution due to their prominent characteristics,including unique structures,environmentally friendly nature,high redox activities,and homogeneously eff ective utilization of transition metal atoms.In this work,the delicate S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst,CoAl LDH@Ni-MOF-74,was rationally designed and successfully constructed by coupling Ni-MOF-74 with CoAl LDH based on their peculiar structure,excellent electronic properties,and opposite surface potential for enhancing hydrogen generation activity under visible light irradiation.The CoAl LDH nanolayers evenly and dispersedly load on the surface of Ni-MOF-74.The CoAl LDH@Ni-MOF-74 exhibited higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity compared with Ni-MOF-74 and CoAl LDH alone,mainly because the formation of the CoAl LDH@Ni-MOF-74 S-scheme heterojunction accelerated the recombination of several electrons(from conduction band(CB)of Ni-MOF-74)and holes(from valence band(VB)of CoAl LDH)and prevented the recombination of other electrons(from CB of CoAl LDH)and holes(from VB of Ni-MOF-74).
文摘Objective: To investigate whether sequential regimen such as traditional anti-reabsorption medications followed by zoledronic acid could reduce the side effects after initiation of zoledronic acid in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Methods: A total of 156 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients who presented at our osteoporosis outpatient clinic were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, alendronate group, calcitonin group, and raloxifene group. All participants were treated with Caltrate 600 mg per day and calcitriol 0.25 ug per day as a baseline treatment, followed by administrating 5 mg/100 mL of zoledronic acid intravenously for one single time three months afterwards. During the abovementioned course of three months, the alendronate group received 70 mg of alendronate sodium orally once a week, the calcitonin group received nasal spray form of salmon calcitonin 10iu daily, the raloxifene group received 60mg of raloxifene orally daily, and the control group received nothing but only the baseline treatment. We tested parameters such as β-cross, blood calcium level, renal function both pre and post zoledronic acid treatment. We also documented those side effects that typically occurred within one week of treatment initiation, which included the proportion, severity, onset time, and duration of the fever, demand for pain medication, severity of bone and joint pain, flu-like symptoms, arrhythmia, blood calcium level, and kidney function impairment. We also evaluated how willing the patients were to receive a second dose of zoledronic acid. Then we did comparative analysis between control group and sequential group. Results: The side effects such as fever, bone and joint pain, flu-like symptoms after zoledronic acid treatment in alendronate group and calcitonin group were all significantly lower than that in control group, while raloxifene group showed no significant difference compared to that in the control group. The proportions of patients who needed NSAIDs in the alendronate group and the calcitonin group were significantly lower than that in control group. However, the raloxifene group showed no significant difference in the NSAIDs demand from that of the control group. The percentages of patients who consented to a second dose of zoledronate therapy in the alendronate, calcitonin and raloxifene groups were significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusions: Sequential treatment with alendronate sodium or calcitonin can significantly reduce the side effects such as fever, bone/joint pain, flu-like symptoms caused by first-time zoledronic acid therapy. Raloxifene sequential treatment does not seem to have decreased or increased the side effects of zoledronic acid treatment. Also, sequential treatment can improve the patient compliance with a second dose of zoledronic acid.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.82272067,81971678,22107123,and M-0696)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(grant Nos.2022JJ80052,2022JJ40656,20231120077,China)+1 种基金Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(22B0009,China)the Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Program(2023CXQD004,China).
文摘Bacterial biofilm-associated infection was one of the most serious threats to human health. However, effective drugs for drug-resistance bacteria or biofilms remain rarely reported. Here, we propose an innovative strategy to develop a multifunctional antimicrobial agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity by coupling photosensitizers (PSs) with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This strategy capitalizes on the ability of PSs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the membrane-targeting property of AMPs (KRWWKWIRW, a peptide screened by an artificial neural network), synergistically enhancing the antimicrobial activity. In addition, unlike conventional aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) photosensitizers, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PSs show stronger fluorescence emission in the aggregated state to help visualize the antibacterial mechanism. In vitro antibacterial experiments demonstrated the excellent killing effects of the developed agent against both Gram-positive (G^(+)) and Gram-negative (G^(–)) bacteria. The bacterial-aggregations induced ability enhanced the photoactivatable antibacterial activity against G^(–) bacteria. Notably, it exhibited a significant effect on destroying MRSA biofilms. Moreover, it also showed remarkable efficacy in treating wound infections in mice in vivo. This multifunctional antimicrobial agent holds significant potential in addressing the challenges posed by bacterial biofilm-associated infections and drug-resistant bacteria.
基金financially supported by grants from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YF A0903200/2018YFA0903201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925037 and 81973213)+5 种基金Chang Jiang Scholars Program(Young Scholar)from the Ministry of Education of China(Hao Gao,2017)National High-level Personnel of Special Support Program(2017RA2259,China)the 111 Project of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(B13038)the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(2017A03036027,China)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01Y036,China)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(Hao Gao,2016,China)。
文摘A chemical investigation on Sporormiella sp.led to the isolation and structural elucidation of tripodalsporormielones Ae C(1-3),a new class of polyketide possessing unprecedented cage-like skeletons with polyvdent bridged and fused ring systems.These polyketides with cage-like skeletons were characterized as a high non-protonated carbon-containing system,which resulted in few HMBC correlations observed and made the accurate structures hard to be obtained by NMR.Especially,some signals of non-protonated sp;carbons are weak and even unobservable in compound 1.In order to establish the structure of 1,the calculated NMR with DP4 evaluation was applied to determine the structure from the plausible structure candidates obtained from the detailed NMR analysis.Based on NMR experiments and calculated NMR,the structures of isolated compounds were established and confirmed by X-ray technology.Through chiral isolation,the optically pure enantiomers of 1 and 3 were obtained,and their absolute configurations were determined based on ECD quantum chemical calculation.Based on the isolated compounds and our previous work,1-3 would be derived from 3-methylorcinaldehyde,and their plausible biosynthetic mechanism was proposed.Furthermore,1 exhibited obvious short-term memory improvement activity on an Alzheimer’s disease fly model.
文摘Developments of digital technology and three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction allowed a precise description of anatomic structures.With the introduction of Visible Human Project and Virtual Chinese Human(VCH)techniques,more detailed anatomic images could be obtained.Digitized visible models of these structures can be applied as a useful tool in clinical training.The aim of this study was to reconstruct the normal structures of thoracodorsal artery in 3D images and to establish the digitized visible models of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous(LDM)flap.The cross-sectional images from the four VCH datasets were reviewed to study LDM and thoraco-dorsal artery structures on a section-by-section basis.Next,two adult fresh cadaver specimens were perfused with lead oxide-gelatine mixture and subject to radio-graphic CT scanning on their torsos.The cross-sectional images from the CT images were reviewed to study thor-acodorsal artery structures.Three-dimensional computer-ized reconstructions of LDM flap structures were conducted from these datasets by using Amira 3.1(TGS)software respectively.The 3D reconstructed visible models established from these datasets perfectly displayed the anatomic characteristics of LDM flap.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31521005, 31672593)the Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project (NT2021007)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500201)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-41G12)
文摘The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31521005, 31672593)the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0500201, 2016YFD0500203)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-41-G12)
文摘Antigenic drift forces us to frequently update influenza vaccines; however, the genetic basis for antigenic variation remains largely unknown. In this study, we used clade 7.2 H5 viruses as models to explore the molecular determinants of influenza virus antigenic variation. We generated eight monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) targeted to the hemagglutinin(HA) protein of the index virus A/chicken/Shanxi/2/2006 and found that two representative antigenically drifted clade 7.2 viruses did not react with six of the eight MAbs. The E131 N mutation and insertion of leucine at position 134 in the HA protein of the antigenically drifted strains eliminated the reactivity of the virus with the MAbs. We also found that the amino acid N131 in the H5 HA protein is glycosylated. Our results provide experimental evidence that glycosylation and an amino acid insertion or deletion in HA influence antigenic variation.
文摘BACKGROUND The Republic of Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa,bordering Guinea and Liberia,with a population of 7.8 million in 2019(1).It has a tropical monsoon climate,with high temperatures and plentiful precipitation.As one of the least developed countries in the world(2),Sierra Leone has long struggled with poor health outcomes with a life expectancy at birth of 59 for male and 61 for female,and high maternal and neonatal mortality,threatened by infectious diseases such as malaria,tuberculosis,typhoid fever,cholera,and Lassa fever(3).
文摘In this paper we present a generalized lattice Boltzmann based approach for sliding-mesh local reference frame.This scheme exactly conserves hydrodynamic fluxes across local reference frame interface.The accuracy and robustness of our scheme are demonstrated by benchmark validations.
