Large volumetric expansion of cathode hosts and sluggish transport kinetics in the cathode–electrolyte interface,as well as dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution at Zn anode side are considered as the system problem...Large volumetric expansion of cathode hosts and sluggish transport kinetics in the cathode–electrolyte interface,as well as dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution at Zn anode side are considered as the system problems that cause the electrochemical failure of aqueous Zn-vanadium oxide battery.In this work,a multifunctional anti-proton electrolyte was proposed to synchronously solve all those issues.Theoretical and experimental studies confirm that PEG 400 additive can regulate the Zn^(2+) solvation structure and inhibit the ionization of free water molecules of the electrolyte.Then,smaller lattice expansion of vanadium oxide hosts and less associated by-product formation can be realized by using such electrolyte.Besides,such electrolyte is also beneficial to guide the uniform Zn deposition and suppress the side reaction of hydrogen evolution.Owing to the integrated synergetic modifica-tion,a high-rate and ultrastable aqueous Zn-V_(2)O_(3)/C battery can be constructed,which can remain a specific capacity of 222.8 m Ah g^(-1)after 6000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1),and 121.8 m Ah g^(-1) even after 18,000 cycles at 20 A g^(-1),respectively.Such“all-in-one”solution based on the electrolyte design provides a new strategy for developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion battery.展开更多
Shortcut nitrification-denitrification(SCND)is widely concerned because of its low energy consumption and high nitrogen removal efficiency.However,the current difficulty lies in the stable maintenance of SCND performa...Shortcut nitrification-denitrification(SCND)is widely concerned because of its low energy consumption and high nitrogen removal efficiency.However,the current difficulty lies in the stable maintenance of SCND performance,which leads to the challenge of large-scale application of this new denitrification technology.In this study,the nitrogen removal pathway from complete nitrification-denitrification(CND)to SCND was rapidly realized under high free ammonia(FA),high pH and low dissolved oxygen(DO)conditions.The variations of specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR)of activated sludge in both processes were investigated by an online SOUR monitoring device.Different curves of SOUR from CND to SCND process were observed,and the ammonia peak obtained based on SOUR monitoring could be used to control aeration time accurately in SCND process.Accordingly,the SOUR ratio of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)to nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB)(SOURAOB/SOURNOB)was increased from 1.40 to 2.93.16S rRNA Miseq high throughput sequencing revealed the dynamics of AOB and NOB,and the ratio of relative abundance(AOB/NOB)was increased from 1.03 to 3.12.Besides,SOURAOB/SOURNOB displayed significant correlations to ammonia removal rate(P<0.05),ammonia oxidation rate/nitrite oxidation rate(P<0.05),nitrite accumulation rate(P<0.05)and the relative abundance of AOB/NOB(P<0.05).Thus,a strategy for evaluation the SCND process stability based on online SOUR monitoring is proposed,which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the SCND performance.展开更多
Although ultra-small nanoclusters(USNCs,<2 nm)have immense application capabilities in biomedicine,the investigation on body-wide organ responses towards USNCs is scant.Here,applying a novel strategy of single-cell...Although ultra-small nanoclusters(USNCs,<2 nm)have immense application capabilities in biomedicine,the investigation on body-wide organ responses towards USNCs is scant.Here,applying a novel strategy of single-cell mass cytometry combined with Nano Genome Atlas of multi-tissues,we systematically evaluate the interactions between the host and calcium phosphate(CaP)USNCs at the organism level.Combining single-cell mass cytometry,and magnetic luminex assay results,we identify dynamic immune responses to CaP USNCs at the single cell resolution.The innate immune is initially activated and followed by adaptive immune activation,as evidenced by dynamic immune cells proportions.Furthermore,using Nano Genome Atlas of multi-tissues,we uncover CaP USNCs induce stronger activation of the immune responses in the cartilage and subchondral bone among the five local tissues while promote metabolic activities in the liver and kidney.Moreover,based on the immunological response profiles,histological evaluation of major organs and local tissue,and a body-wide transcriptomics,we demonstrate that CaP USNCs are not more hazardous than the Food and Drug Administration-approved CaP nanoparticles after 14 days of injection.Our findings provide valuable information on the future clinical applications of USNCs and introduce an innovative strategy to decipher the whole body response to implants.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178221,51774203)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20200109105805902,JCYJ20200109105801725)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A1515110751)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021M702255)。
文摘Large volumetric expansion of cathode hosts and sluggish transport kinetics in the cathode–electrolyte interface,as well as dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution at Zn anode side are considered as the system problems that cause the electrochemical failure of aqueous Zn-vanadium oxide battery.In this work,a multifunctional anti-proton electrolyte was proposed to synchronously solve all those issues.Theoretical and experimental studies confirm that PEG 400 additive can regulate the Zn^(2+) solvation structure and inhibit the ionization of free water molecules of the electrolyte.Then,smaller lattice expansion of vanadium oxide hosts and less associated by-product formation can be realized by using such electrolyte.Besides,such electrolyte is also beneficial to guide the uniform Zn deposition and suppress the side reaction of hydrogen evolution.Owing to the integrated synergetic modifica-tion,a high-rate and ultrastable aqueous Zn-V_(2)O_(3)/C battery can be constructed,which can remain a specific capacity of 222.8 m Ah g^(-1)after 6000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1),and 121.8 m Ah g^(-1) even after 18,000 cycles at 20 A g^(-1),respectively.Such“all-in-one”solution based on the electrolyte design provides a new strategy for developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion battery.
基金This research was supported by Sichuan Key Point Research and Invention Program(Nos.2019YFS0502,2020YFS0026)Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YJKYYQ20180002)Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M673293).
文摘Shortcut nitrification-denitrification(SCND)is widely concerned because of its low energy consumption and high nitrogen removal efficiency.However,the current difficulty lies in the stable maintenance of SCND performance,which leads to the challenge of large-scale application of this new denitrification technology.In this study,the nitrogen removal pathway from complete nitrification-denitrification(CND)to SCND was rapidly realized under high free ammonia(FA),high pH and low dissolved oxygen(DO)conditions.The variations of specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR)of activated sludge in both processes were investigated by an online SOUR monitoring device.Different curves of SOUR from CND to SCND process were observed,and the ammonia peak obtained based on SOUR monitoring could be used to control aeration time accurately in SCND process.Accordingly,the SOUR ratio of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)to nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB)(SOURAOB/SOURNOB)was increased from 1.40 to 2.93.16S rRNA Miseq high throughput sequencing revealed the dynamics of AOB and NOB,and the ratio of relative abundance(AOB/NOB)was increased from 1.03 to 3.12.Besides,SOURAOB/SOURNOB displayed significant correlations to ammonia removal rate(P<0.05),ammonia oxidation rate/nitrite oxidation rate(P<0.05),nitrite accumulation rate(P<0.05)and the relative abundance of AOB/NOB(P<0.05).Thus,a strategy for evaluation the SCND process stability based on online SOUR monitoring is proposed,which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the SCND performance.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1105100)NSFC grants(T2121004,81972099,82072463,81871764)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ22H060002,LR20H060001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Although ultra-small nanoclusters(USNCs,<2 nm)have immense application capabilities in biomedicine,the investigation on body-wide organ responses towards USNCs is scant.Here,applying a novel strategy of single-cell mass cytometry combined with Nano Genome Atlas of multi-tissues,we systematically evaluate the interactions between the host and calcium phosphate(CaP)USNCs at the organism level.Combining single-cell mass cytometry,and magnetic luminex assay results,we identify dynamic immune responses to CaP USNCs at the single cell resolution.The innate immune is initially activated and followed by adaptive immune activation,as evidenced by dynamic immune cells proportions.Furthermore,using Nano Genome Atlas of multi-tissues,we uncover CaP USNCs induce stronger activation of the immune responses in the cartilage and subchondral bone among the five local tissues while promote metabolic activities in the liver and kidney.Moreover,based on the immunological response profiles,histological evaluation of major organs and local tissue,and a body-wide transcriptomics,we demonstrate that CaP USNCs are not more hazardous than the Food and Drug Administration-approved CaP nanoparticles after 14 days of injection.Our findings provide valuable information on the future clinical applications of USNCs and introduce an innovative strategy to decipher the whole body response to implants.
