A branched core-shell nanosphere composed of an anatase TiO_(2)(a-TiO_(2)) core and a TiO_(2)nanobranch shell with gradient-doped N(a-TiO_(2)@N-TiO_(2)) is synthesized by a simple in situ doping method, in which mixed...A branched core-shell nanosphere composed of an anatase TiO_(2)(a-TiO_(2)) core and a TiO_(2)nanobranch shell with gradient-doped N(a-TiO_(2)@N-TiO_(2)) is synthesized by a simple in situ doping method, in which mixed crystal anatase-rutile TiO_(2)(ar-TiO_(2)) nanosphere is first prepared by oxidizing Ti using H_(2)O_(2), and then is etched by NH_(3)·H_(2)O to form(NH_(4))2TiO_(3)nanobranches, which is converted into a-TiO_(2)@N-TiO_(2)following an ambient annealing process. The diameter of a-TiO_(2)core is ~500 nm, and the thickness of NTiO_(2)branched shell is ~100 nm with gradually increased N concentration from the bottom to the edge.Ultra-thin amorphous coating layers on the branches are also observed. The morphology of the composites could be further tuned by the amount of NH_(3)·H_(2)O, and its effect on the photocatalytic performance is also investigated. The optimized a-TiO_(2)@N-TiO_(2)shows an outstanding hydrogen evolution rate of 308.1 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)under air mass(AM) 1.5 illumination, and also exhibits highly active in photocatalytic degradation of various refractory organic pollutants, including organic dyes, phenols, antibiotics,and personal care products, with removal ratios higher than 96% after 2 h operation. This can be due to the gradient-doped N-TiO_(2)nanobranches, which not only provide bending band structure and defect level derived from the N impurities and O vacancies, resulting the formation of n-n+heterojunctions to improve the charge separation, but also enhance the charge transfer at the liquid-solid interface due to the numerous nanobranches and amorphous coating layers.展开更多
Purpose:To outline the characteristics of Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigmentation Epithelium(CHRRPE)and provide a comprehensive overview of surgical management of epiretinal membrane(ERM)caused by CH...Purpose:To outline the characteristics of Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigmentation Epithelium(CHRRPE)and provide a comprehensive overview of surgical management of epiretinal membrane(ERM)caused by CHRRPE.Main text:CHRRPE is a rare ocular tumor.It clinically mimics other diseases such as retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma.The present study reviewed the multimodal imaging of CHRRPE,highlighted the multimodal imaging modalities which are useful for revealing the unique features of CHRRPE and hence allowing physicians to confirm the diagnosis.Although most of CHRRPEs are benign harmatoma,progressive visual loss may occur because of the traction of the tumor and other complications.It is treated through surgical removal of the ERM caused by CHRRPE to free retina from the traction.Currently,there is no consensus on the surgical management of CHRRPE.Therefore,the current review was designed to explore the surgical management of ERM caused by CHRRPE and hence provide updated data on this subject.Conclusions:Multimodal imaging technologies,especially optical coherence tomography(OCT),significantly contributes to the diagnosis of CHRRPE and visual prognosis.Surgical management of CHRRPE through removal of ERM is beneficial in patients with worsening VA which is secondary to ERM which is associated with CHRRPE.However,the strategy is limited to patients with long-standing poor vision.However,earlier surgical therapy and subsequent postoperative amblyopia therapy can be explored for children of amblyogenic age.展开更多
The matrix-degrading metalloproteinases （MMPs）, particularly MMP-9, play important roles in the pathogenesis and development of malignant gliomas. In the present study, the oncogenic role of MMP-9 in malignant gliom...The matrix-degrading metalloproteinases （MMPs）, particularly MMP-9, play important roles in the pathogenesis and development of malignant gliomas. In the present study, the oncogenic role of MMP-9 in malignant glioma cells was investigated via antisense RNA blockade in vitro and in vivo. TJ905 malignant glioma cells were transfected with pcDNA3.0 vector expressing antisense MMP-9 RNA （pcDNA-AS-MMP9）, which significantly decreased MMP-9 expression, and cell proliferation was assessed. For in vivo studies, U251 cells, a human malignant glioma cell line, were implanted subcutaneously into 4-to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice. The mice bearing well-established U251 gliomas were treated with intratumoral pcDNA-AS-MMP9-Lipofectamine complex （AS-MMP-9-treated group）, subcutaneous injection of endostatin （endostatin-treated group）, or both （combined therapy group）. Mice treated with pcDNA （empty vector）-Lipofectamine served as the control group. Four or eight weeks later, the volume and weight of tumor, MMP-9 expression, microvessel density and proliferative activity were assayed. We demonstrate that pcDNA-AS-MMP9 significantly decreased MMP-9 expression and inhibited glioma cell proliferation. Volume and weight of tumor, MMP-9 expression, microvessel density and proliferative activity in the antisense-MMP-9-treated and therapeutic alliance groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The results suggest that MMP-9 not only promotes malignant glioma cell invasiveness, but also affects tumor cell proliferation. Blocking the expression of MMP-9 with antisense RNA substantially suppresses the malignant phenotype of glioma cells, and thus can be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas.展开更多
Grain price volatility during historical periods is regarded as an important indicator of the impact of climate change on economic system, as well as a key link to adjust food security and social stability. The presen...Grain price volatility during historical periods is regarded as an important indicator of the impact of climate change on economic system, as well as a key link to adjust food security and social stability. The present study used the wheat prices in Baoding Prefecture, China, during 1736–1850 to explore connections between climatic transition and grain price anomalies in the North China Plain. The main findings were as follows:(1) The grain price change showed an apparent correspondence with climatic transition. The period 1781–1820 was a transition phase, with more extremes and decreased precipitations when the climate shifted from a warm phase to a cold one. Corresponding with the climatic transition, the grain price during 1781–1820 was characterized by that the mean of the original grain price series was significantly higher(lower) than the previous(later)phase, and the variance and anomaly amplitude of the detrended grain price series was the highest during 1736–1850.(2) The correspondence between grain price extremes and drought events occurred in phases. Five grain price extremes occurred following drought events during 1781–1810, while extreme droughts were the direct cause of the grain price spike during 1811–1820.(3) Social stability affected by climate change also played an important role in the grain price spike between 1811 and 1820. Paralleling the pathway of "precipitation-grain production-grain price", climate change could have an impact on grain price via the pathway of "precipitation-grain production-grain price-famine-uprising-grain price", as shown during the Tianli Uprising in 1813. These findings could contribute to an improved understanding of the interaction between climate change and human society during the historical period.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52170083)the Excellent Youth Fund Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2021JJ20007)the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province,China (No. 21B0441)。
文摘A branched core-shell nanosphere composed of an anatase TiO_(2)(a-TiO_(2)) core and a TiO_(2)nanobranch shell with gradient-doped N(a-TiO_(2)@N-TiO_(2)) is synthesized by a simple in situ doping method, in which mixed crystal anatase-rutile TiO_(2)(ar-TiO_(2)) nanosphere is first prepared by oxidizing Ti using H_(2)O_(2), and then is etched by NH_(3)·H_(2)O to form(NH_(4))2TiO_(3)nanobranches, which is converted into a-TiO_(2)@N-TiO_(2)following an ambient annealing process. The diameter of a-TiO_(2)core is ~500 nm, and the thickness of NTiO_(2)branched shell is ~100 nm with gradually increased N concentration from the bottom to the edge.Ultra-thin amorphous coating layers on the branches are also observed. The morphology of the composites could be further tuned by the amount of NH_(3)·H_(2)O, and its effect on the photocatalytic performance is also investigated. The optimized a-TiO_(2)@N-TiO_(2)shows an outstanding hydrogen evolution rate of 308.1 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)under air mass(AM) 1.5 illumination, and also exhibits highly active in photocatalytic degradation of various refractory organic pollutants, including organic dyes, phenols, antibiotics,and personal care products, with removal ratios higher than 96% after 2 h operation. This can be due to the gradient-doped N-TiO_(2)nanobranches, which not only provide bending band structure and defect level derived from the N impurities and O vacancies, resulting the formation of n-n+heterojunctions to improve the charge separation, but also enhance the charge transfer at the liquid-solid interface due to the numerous nanobranches and amorphous coating layers.
基金Shanghai Sailing Program(No.20YF1429700)the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR5014-002)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171069)Hospital Funded Clinical Research,Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.21XHDB08).
文摘Purpose:To outline the characteristics of Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigmentation Epithelium(CHRRPE)and provide a comprehensive overview of surgical management of epiretinal membrane(ERM)caused by CHRRPE.Main text:CHRRPE is a rare ocular tumor.It clinically mimics other diseases such as retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma.The present study reviewed the multimodal imaging of CHRRPE,highlighted the multimodal imaging modalities which are useful for revealing the unique features of CHRRPE and hence allowing physicians to confirm the diagnosis.Although most of CHRRPEs are benign harmatoma,progressive visual loss may occur because of the traction of the tumor and other complications.It is treated through surgical removal of the ERM caused by CHRRPE to free retina from the traction.Currently,there is no consensus on the surgical management of CHRRPE.Therefore,the current review was designed to explore the surgical management of ERM caused by CHRRPE and hence provide updated data on this subject.Conclusions:Multimodal imaging technologies,especially optical coherence tomography(OCT),significantly contributes to the diagnosis of CHRRPE and visual prognosis.Surgical management of CHRRPE through removal of ERM is beneficial in patients with worsening VA which is secondary to ERM which is associated with CHRRPE.However,the strategy is limited to patients with long-standing poor vision.However,earlier surgical therapy and subsequent postoperative amblyopia therapy can be explored for children of amblyogenic age.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770827,31170864and81100887)National Basic Research Development Program of China(973Program,2010CB529405)+5 种基金Key Laboratory Project of Tianjin Municipality for Science and Technology(10SYSYJC28800)Major Program of Research on Applied Fundamentals and Frontier Technologies(10JCZDJC19400)Key Program of Higher Education of Tianjin Municipality for Science and Technology(2004ZD06,20060202)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(NCET-11-1067)Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality,China(12JCZDJC24200)Key Project for Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,China(212005)
文摘The matrix-degrading metalloproteinases （MMPs）, particularly MMP-9, play important roles in the pathogenesis and development of malignant gliomas. In the present study, the oncogenic role of MMP-9 in malignant glioma cells was investigated via antisense RNA blockade in vitro and in vivo. TJ905 malignant glioma cells were transfected with pcDNA3.0 vector expressing antisense MMP-9 RNA （pcDNA-AS-MMP9）, which significantly decreased MMP-9 expression, and cell proliferation was assessed. For in vivo studies, U251 cells, a human malignant glioma cell line, were implanted subcutaneously into 4-to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice. The mice bearing well-established U251 gliomas were treated with intratumoral pcDNA-AS-MMP9-Lipofectamine complex （AS-MMP-9-treated group）, subcutaneous injection of endostatin （endostatin-treated group）, or both （combined therapy group）. Mice treated with pcDNA （empty vector）-Lipofectamine served as the control group. Four or eight weeks later, the volume and weight of tumor, MMP-9 expression, microvessel density and proliferative activity were assayed. We demonstrate that pcDNA-AS-MMP9 significantly decreased MMP-9 expression and inhibited glioma cell proliferation. Volume and weight of tumor, MMP-9 expression, microvessel density and proliferative activity in the antisense-MMP-9-treated and therapeutic alliance groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The results suggest that MMP-9 not only promotes malignant glioma cell invasiveness, but also affects tumor cell proliferation. Blocking the expression of MMP-9 with antisense RNA substantially suppresses the malignant phenotype of glioma cells, and thus can be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas.
基金supported by the Strategic Project of Science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA19040101)the Major Projects of the National Social Science Fund (Grant No. 13&ZD092)
文摘Grain price volatility during historical periods is regarded as an important indicator of the impact of climate change on economic system, as well as a key link to adjust food security and social stability. The present study used the wheat prices in Baoding Prefecture, China, during 1736–1850 to explore connections between climatic transition and grain price anomalies in the North China Plain. The main findings were as follows:(1) The grain price change showed an apparent correspondence with climatic transition. The period 1781–1820 was a transition phase, with more extremes and decreased precipitations when the climate shifted from a warm phase to a cold one. Corresponding with the climatic transition, the grain price during 1781–1820 was characterized by that the mean of the original grain price series was significantly higher(lower) than the previous(later)phase, and the variance and anomaly amplitude of the detrended grain price series was the highest during 1736–1850.(2) The correspondence between grain price extremes and drought events occurred in phases. Five grain price extremes occurred following drought events during 1781–1810, while extreme droughts were the direct cause of the grain price spike during 1811–1820.(3) Social stability affected by climate change also played an important role in the grain price spike between 1811 and 1820. Paralleling the pathway of "precipitation-grain production-grain price", climate change could have an impact on grain price via the pathway of "precipitation-grain production-grain price-famine-uprising-grain price", as shown during the Tianli Uprising in 1813. These findings could contribute to an improved understanding of the interaction between climate change and human society during the historical period.
