The El Niño and Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is the primary source of predictability for seasonal climate prediction.To improve the ENSO prediction skill,we established a multi-model ensemble(MME)prediction system,w...The El Niño and Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is the primary source of predictability for seasonal climate prediction.To improve the ENSO prediction skill,we established a multi-model ensemble(MME)prediction system,which consists of 5 dynamical coupled models with various complexities,parameterizations,resolutions,initializations and ensemble strategies,to account for the uncertainties as sufficiently as possible.Our results demonstrated the superiority of the MME over individual models,with dramatically reduced the root mean square error and improved the anomaly correlation skill,which can compete with,or even exceed the skill of the North American Multi-Model Ensemble.In addition,the MME suffered less from the spring predictability barrier and offered more reliable probabilistic prediction.The real-time MME prediction adequately captured the latest successive La Niña events and the secondary cooling trend six months ahead.Our MME prediction has,since April 2022,forecasted the possible occurrence of a third-year La Niña event.Overall,our MME prediction system offers better skill for both deterministic and probabilistic ENSO prediction than all participating models.These improvements are probably due to the complementary contributions of multiple models to provide additive predictive information,as well as the large ensemble size that covers a more reasonable uncertainty distribution.展开更多
Fertility in China was long constrained by the One-Child policy enacted in 1978. Over time the policy was progressively relaxed,first in rural areas and then for couples who both had no siblings.A Selective Two-Child ...Fertility in China was long constrained by the One-Child policy enacted in 1978. Over time the policy was progressively relaxed,first in rural areas and then for couples who both had no siblings.A Selective Two-Child policy which started in January-June 2014allowed a second child for couples for whom one spouse was an only child. Now with the Universal Two-Child policy, as of展开更多
Background:Primary human papillomavirus(HPV)screening is recommended for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)in the general pop-ulation;however,the triage for HPV-positive women remains a challenge...Background:Primary human papillomavirus(HPV)screening is recommended for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)in the general pop-ulation;however,the triage for HPV-positive women remains a challenge.This study aimed to evaluate the age-specific effectiveness of primary HPV screening versus primary cytology screening for identifying optimal strategies for women of different ages.Methods:The dataset of the prevalence round screening was derived from the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in China.Primary cervical screen-ing protocols included cytology only,HPV testing with cytology triage,and HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage.The primary outcomes were age-specific detection rate,colposcopy referral rate and positive predictive value(PPV)for CIN2+.Multivariate Poisson regression was used to evaluate the relativeeffectivenessofHPVtestingandcytologyaccordingtoagegroups.TheI 2 statisticwitharandom-effectmodelwasusedtotesttheheterogeneityinrelative effectiveness of HPV testing versus cytology between age groups.Results:This study included 1,160,981 women.HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage significantly increased the CIN2+detection by 36%(rate ratio[RR]:1.36,95%confidential interval[CI]1.21–1.54)for women aged 35-44 years and by 34%(RR:1.34,95%CI 1.20-1.51)for women aged 45-54 years compared with cytology only.HPV testing with cytology triage had simi-lar CIN2+detection rate compared with cytology only.The PPVs were substan-tially increased for both HPV testing groups.Among women aged 55-64 years old,HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage increased the colposcopyreferralrateby19%(RR1.19,95%CI1.10-1.29)comparedwithcytology only,butdidnotincreasetheCIN2+detection(1.09,0.91–1.30).Theeffectiveness ofHPVtestingwithcytologytriagedidnotchangeinolderwomen.Thebetween-age-group heterogeneity in the effectiveness was statistically significant for HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage versus cytology only.Conclusions:Our results suggested that the effectiveness of primary HPV screeningwithdifferenttriagestrategiesdifferedamongagegroups.HPVtesting with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage could be used for women aged 35-54 years to detect more lesions,and HPV testing with cytology triage could balance the CIN2+detection and the number of colposcopies for women aged 55-64 years.Longitudinal data including both prevalence and incidence screen-ing rounds are warranted to assess age-specific triage strategies.展开更多
Dear Editor,Although fusion events involving neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1,2,and 3 genes(NTRK1,NTRK2,and NTRK3,encoding TRKA/B/C respectively)were found in diverse tumor types,only 0.1%-0.3%of lung cancer pa...Dear Editor,Although fusion events involving neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1,2,and 3 genes(NTRK1,NTRK2,and NTRK3,encoding TRKA/B/C respectively)were found in diverse tumor types,only 0.1%-0.3%of lung cancer patients harbor an NTRK(and mostly NTRK1)fusion as the primary oncogenic event[1].Such low prevalence may be partially due to the limited availability of first-line assays for detecting rare fusion events[2].Immunohistochemistry is limited by sensitivity and variable tissue background,and fluorescence in-situ hybridization falls short of elucidating functional significance such as the identity of the partner or structure of the transcript.While DNA next-generation sequencing(NGS)is suitable for mutation calling(single nucleotide variation[SNV]and insertion-or-deletion[indel]),and RNA NGS is particularly effective in detecting fusions[3],routinely performing these two assays together is labor-intensive.As a solution,we have developed a single NGS assay(PANO-Seq)for unified RNA/DNA target enrichment library preparation[4],which takes about 12 hours and $10 to prepare.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,MNR(Grant No.QNYC2101)the Scientific Research Fund of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.SML2021SP310)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41690124&41690120)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2017YFA0604202)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.311021001)Pro.Zhang was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42030410)the Laoshan Laboratory Programe(Grant No.LSL202202402)the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST.
文摘The El Niño and Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is the primary source of predictability for seasonal climate prediction.To improve the ENSO prediction skill,we established a multi-model ensemble(MME)prediction system,which consists of 5 dynamical coupled models with various complexities,parameterizations,resolutions,initializations and ensemble strategies,to account for the uncertainties as sufficiently as possible.Our results demonstrated the superiority of the MME over individual models,with dramatically reduced the root mean square error and improved the anomaly correlation skill,which can compete with,or even exceed the skill of the North American Multi-Model Ensemble.In addition,the MME suffered less from the spring predictability barrier and offered more reliable probabilistic prediction.The real-time MME prediction adequately captured the latest successive La Niña events and the secondary cooling trend six months ahead.Our MME prediction has,since April 2022,forecasted the possible occurrence of a third-year La Niña event.Overall,our MME prediction system offers better skill for both deterministic and probabilistic ENSO prediction than all participating models.These improvements are probably due to the complementary contributions of multiple models to provide additive predictive information,as well as the large ensemble size that covers a more reasonable uncertainty distribution.
基金supported by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of Chinathe National Key Research & Development Program of China (2016YFC1000401 and 2016YFC1000406-1)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (81571517)
文摘Fertility in China was long constrained by the One-Child policy enacted in 1978. Over time the policy was progressively relaxed,first in rural areas and then for couples who both had no siblings.A Selective Two-Child policy which started in January-June 2014allowed a second child for couples for whom one spouse was an only child. Now with the Universal Two-Child policy, as of
基金NationalNatural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81903328Key Project of PublicHealth Program+2 种基金study was supported by grants from the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(grant no 81903328)and the Chinese Key Project of Public Health Program.The funderswere not involved in the design,conduct,or report-ing of the studythe writing of the manuscriptor the deci-sion to publish the manuscript.
文摘Background:Primary human papillomavirus(HPV)screening is recommended for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)in the general pop-ulation;however,the triage for HPV-positive women remains a challenge.This study aimed to evaluate the age-specific effectiveness of primary HPV screening versus primary cytology screening for identifying optimal strategies for women of different ages.Methods:The dataset of the prevalence round screening was derived from the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in China.Primary cervical screen-ing protocols included cytology only,HPV testing with cytology triage,and HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage.The primary outcomes were age-specific detection rate,colposcopy referral rate and positive predictive value(PPV)for CIN2+.Multivariate Poisson regression was used to evaluate the relativeeffectivenessofHPVtestingandcytologyaccordingtoagegroups.TheI 2 statisticwitharandom-effectmodelwasusedtotesttheheterogeneityinrelative effectiveness of HPV testing versus cytology between age groups.Results:This study included 1,160,981 women.HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage significantly increased the CIN2+detection by 36%(rate ratio[RR]:1.36,95%confidential interval[CI]1.21–1.54)for women aged 35-44 years and by 34%(RR:1.34,95%CI 1.20-1.51)for women aged 45-54 years compared with cytology only.HPV testing with cytology triage had simi-lar CIN2+detection rate compared with cytology only.The PPVs were substan-tially increased for both HPV testing groups.Among women aged 55-64 years old,HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage increased the colposcopyreferralrateby19%(RR1.19,95%CI1.10-1.29)comparedwithcytology only,butdidnotincreasetheCIN2+detection(1.09,0.91–1.30).Theeffectiveness ofHPVtestingwithcytologytriagedidnotchangeinolderwomen.Thebetween-age-group heterogeneity in the effectiveness was statistically significant for HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage versus cytology only.Conclusions:Our results suggested that the effectiveness of primary HPV screeningwithdifferenttriagestrategiesdifferedamongagegroups.HPVtesting with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage could be used for women aged 35-54 years to detect more lesions,and HPV testing with cytology triage could balance the CIN2+detection and the number of colposcopies for women aged 55-64 years.Longitudinal data including both prevalence and incidence screen-ing rounds are warranted to assess age-specific triage strategies.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81802276 to Z.S.).
文摘Dear Editor,Although fusion events involving neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1,2,and 3 genes(NTRK1,NTRK2,and NTRK3,encoding TRKA/B/C respectively)were found in diverse tumor types,only 0.1%-0.3%of lung cancer patients harbor an NTRK(and mostly NTRK1)fusion as the primary oncogenic event[1].Such low prevalence may be partially due to the limited availability of first-line assays for detecting rare fusion events[2].Immunohistochemistry is limited by sensitivity and variable tissue background,and fluorescence in-situ hybridization falls short of elucidating functional significance such as the identity of the partner or structure of the transcript.While DNA next-generation sequencing(NGS)is suitable for mutation calling(single nucleotide variation[SNV]and insertion-or-deletion[indel]),and RNA NGS is particularly effective in detecting fusions[3],routinely performing these two assays together is labor-intensive.As a solution,we have developed a single NGS assay(PANO-Seq)for unified RNA/DNA target enrichment library preparation[4],which takes about 12 hours and $10 to prepare.
