Long-term exposure to high surface ozone(O_(3))concentrations,a complex oxidative atmospheric pollutant,can adversely impact human health.Based on O_(3)monitoring data from 261 cities worldwide in 2020,generalized add...Long-term exposure to high surface ozone(O_(3))concentrations,a complex oxidative atmospheric pollutant,can adversely impact human health.Based on O_(3)monitoring data from 261 cities worldwide in 2020,generalized additive model(GAM)and spatial data analysis(SDA)methods were applied in this study to quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of O_(3)concentration,exposure risk,and dominant meteorological factors.Results indicated that over 40%of the cities worldwide were exposed to harmful O_(3)concentration ranges(40-60μg/m^(3)),with most cities distributed in China and India.Moreover,significant seasonal variations in global O_(3)concentrations were observed,presenting as summer(45.6μg/m^(3))>spring(47.3μg/m^(3))>autumn(38.0μg/m^(3))>winter(33.6μg/m^(3)).Exposure analysis revealed that approximately 12.2%of the population in 261 cities were exposed to an environment with high O_(3)concentrations(80-160μg/m^(3)),with about 36.32 million people in major countries.Thus,the persistent increase in high O_(3)levels worldwide is a critical factor contributing to threats to human health.Furthermore,GAM results indicated temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed as primary determinants of O_(3)variability.The synergy of meteorological factors is critical for understanding O_(3)changes.Our findings are important for enforcing robust air quality policies and mitigating public risk.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To determine the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of depression by performing systematical reviews and meta-analysis from 20 articles of clinical, randomized, controlled studies.DATA SOURCES： A co...OBJECTIVE： To determine the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of depression by performing systematical reviews and meta-analysis from 20 articles of clinical, randomized, controlled studies.DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of PubMed Database, Chinese Biological Medicine Database （VIP database）, China Knowledge Database, and Wanfang Database was performed to search articles published between January 1999 and September 2009. DATA SELECTION： Inclusion criteria： articles published in official academic journals; articles with definite diagnostic criteria and acknowledgment; articles involving subjects with depression or depressive disorders, with no limitations to age, sex, or source; articles involving acupuncture-related therapies （including acupuncture needle, electro-acupuncture, moxibustion, abdominal acupuncture, etc.） as the primary means of intervention; articles of randomized controlled trials or involving ＂randomized controlled＂, ＂randomized grouping＂, or ＂random＂. Jadad scores were utilized to evaluate quality of included articles. Review Manage 4.2.7 software was used to evaluate efficacy of acupuncture in treating depression, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD） score, Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） score, and meta-analysis were used to evaluate clinical efficacy. Meta-analysis of a fixed effect model was performed when P 〉 0.05 or P 〉 0.01 in the test for heterogeneity. Meta-analysis of the random effect model was performed when P≤0.05.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Efficacy rate, HAMD scores, and SDS scores. RESULTS： Quality evaluation of the 20 selected clinical, randomized, controlled trials demonstrated baseline equilibrium and randomness, although a considerable number of randomized studies simply mentioned ＂random＂ without describing a specific method. Therefore, the reliability of randomness was relatively low. An envelope to hide the information was not used, and proper blinding was difficult to implement due to the innate features of acupuncture. The follow-up rate was low, and reasons for dropout were not explored. Therefore, it was not possible to objectively evaluate the study results. In addition, the study did not estimate sample size; it was unclear whether the sample was truly representative of general characteristics. Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture monotherapy exhibited similar efficacy to Western medicine for treating depression： combined effect size OR = 1.66, 95% CI： 0.59 -4.65, combined effect value test： Z= 0.97, P = 0.33. Comparison of the efficacy of acupuncture combination therapy with Western medicine demonstrated a combined effect size OR = 2.46, 95% CI： 1.64-3.71 and combined effect of the value of Z= 4.32 （P 〈 0.01）, implying that there was insufficient evidence to prove a superior effect of acupuncture combination therapy over Western medicine. In terms of HAMD and SDS scores, the weighted mean difference was -2.01 and -8.68, respectively, with 95% Cl： -3.48 to 0.53, -11.21 to -6.16 （P 〈 0.01）, suggesting that acupuncture efficacy was significantly better than the control group.CONCLUSION： The efficacy of acupuncture monotherapy was similar to Western medicine for treating depression. However, efficacy of combination therapy remains uncertain due to inadequate study design （implementation of randomization and blinding, sample size estimation, and data processing methods）.展开更多
Panoramic images are widely used in many scenes,especially in virtual reality and street view capture.However,they are new for street furniture identification which is usually based on mobile laser scanning point clou...Panoramic images are widely used in many scenes,especially in virtual reality and street view capture.However,they are new for street furniture identification which is usually based on mobile laser scanning point cloud data or conventional 2D images.This study proposes to perform semantic segmentation on panoramic images and transformed images to separate light poles and traffic signs from background implemented by pre-trained Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN).FCN is the most important model for deep learning applied on semantic segmentation for its end to end training process and pixel-wise prediction.In this study,we use FCN-8s model that pre-trained on cityscape dataset and finetune it by our own data.Then replace cross entropy loss function with focal loss function in the FCN model and train it again to produce the predictions.The results show that in all results from pre-trained model,fine-tuning,and FCN model with focal loss,the light poles and traffic signs are detected well and the transformed images have better performance than panoramic images in the prediction according to the Recall and IoU evaluation.展开更多
The specificities of tissue culture of wheat greatly limit the use of chloroplast transformation technologies in this crop. One limitation in wheat tissue culture is that it is difficult to regenerate plantlets from l...The specificities of tissue culture of wheat greatly limit the use of chloroplast transformation technologies in this crop. One limitation in wheat tissue culture is that it is difficult to regenerate plantlets from leaf tissue explants of regenerated plantlets, resulting in difficulty in obtaining homoplastic plants via multiple rounds of antibiotic selection of chloroplast transformants. Thus, a repeated in vitro regeneration system from leaf tissues was studied in this research. Our results showed that 2 mm leaf basal segments of the 4 cm high leaves from regenerated plantlets can give the best callus induction at present study. The best callus induction medium was Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg/L naphthalenacetic acid, which gave a callus induction rate of up to 87.2%. The optimal differentiation medium was MS basal medium supplemented with 10 mg/L silver nitrate and 1 mg/L 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, which gave a regeneration rate up to 33.7% for the wheat lines tested. This is the first report showing that leaf basal segments of in vitro regenerated plantlets can be used for regeneration of wheat. The establishment of a repetitive regeneration system should pave the way for the development of chloroplast transformation and the plant regeneration systems starting from leaf material of in vitro regenerated wheat and other cereal crops.展开更多
lncRNA ZNF593 antisense(ZNF593-AS)transcripts have been implicated in heart failure through the regulation of myocardial contractility.The decreased transcriptional activity of ZNF593-AS has also been detected in card...lncRNA ZNF593 antisense(ZNF593-AS)transcripts have been implicated in heart failure through the regulation of myocardial contractility.The decreased transcriptional activity of ZNF593-AS has also been detected in cardiac hypertrophy.However,the function of ZNF593-AS in cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear.Herein,we report that the expression of ZNF593-AS reduced in a mouse model of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiomyocytes in response to treatment with the hypertrophic agonist phenylephrine(PE).In vivo,ZNF593-AS aggravated pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy in knockout mice.By contrast,cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mice(ZNF593-AS MHC-Tg)exhibited attenuated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy.In vitro,vector-based overexpression using murine or human ZNF593-AS alleviated PE-induced myocyte hypertrophy,whereas GapmeR-induced inhibition aggravated hypertrophic phenotypes.By using RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analyses,we identified a link between ZNF593-AS and oxidative phosphorylation and found that mitofusin 2(Mfn2)is a direct target of ZNF593-AS.ZNF593-AS exerts an antihypertrophic effect by upregulating Mfn2 expression and improving mitochondrial function.Therefore,it represents a promising therapeutic target for combating pathological cardiac remodeling.展开更多
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)have pleiotropic endogenous cardiovascular protective effects and can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH).Heart failure wit...Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)have pleiotropic endogenous cardiovascular protective effects and can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH).Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)has shown an increased prevalence and worse prognosis over the decades.However,the role of sEH activ-ity in HFpEF remains unclear.We enrolled 500 patients with HFpEF and 500 healthy controls between February 2010 and March 2016.Eight types of sEH-related eicosanoids were measured according to target metabolomics,and their correlation with clinical endpoints was also analyzed.The primary endpoint was cardiac mortality,and the secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiac events,including heart failure(HF)readmission,cardiogenic hospitalization,and all-cause mortal-ity.Furthermore,the effect of sEH inhibitors on cardiac diastolic function in HFpEF was investigated in vivo and in vitro.Patients with HFpEF showed significantly enhanced EET degradation by the sEH enzyme compared with healthy controls.More importantly,sEH activity was positively correlated with cardiac mortality in patients with HFpEF,especially in older patients with arrhythmia.A consistent result was obtained in the multiple adjusted models.Decreased sEH activity by the sEH inhibitor showed a significant effective effect on the improvement of cardiac diastolic function by ameliorating lipid disorders in cardiomyocytes of HFpEF mouse model.This study demonstrated that increased sEH activity was associated with cardiac mortality in patients with HFpEF and suggested that sEH inhibition could be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve diastolic cardiac function.Clinical trial identifier:NCT03461107(https://clini caltr ials.gov).展开更多
The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor ...The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of a...OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as a research tool to study inflammation, oxidative stress, and adipokine production requires further investigation.展开更多
The research aimed to evaluate present and potential phosphorous pollution due to high sedimentary phosphorus load and release from sediment, when external phosphorus was reduced in downstream Nansi Lake. Pollution lo...The research aimed to evaluate present and potential phosphorous pollution due to high sedimentary phosphorus load and release from sediment, when external phosphorus was reduced in downstream Nansi Lake. Pollution load of the sediment and overlying water was investigated. Kinetics and isotherms of adsorption/release of sedimentary phosphorus were studied to determine equilibrium phosphate concentration （EPCo） and release potential. Kinetics of phosphorus adsorption on sediment and release from sediment were well described by both the pseudo-first-order rate equation and the pseudo-second- order rate equation, but more appropriate to the pseudo- second-order rate equation with the adsorption/release capacity more close to the measured values, suggesting that the processes were chemically rate controlled and dependent on adsorption capacity. Soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） sorption isotherms on sediment were best fitted by the modified Langmuir model indicating a monolayer adsorption. By comparing EPC0 and SRP of water, the status （adsorption, releasing or in equilibrium） of sediment phosphorus could be determined. The sediments at site S l, S3, S4, S5, and S7 where the EPC0s were greater than the SRPs, had a potential to release phosphorus into the water column. However, those sediments at S9, S10, and S 12, where the EPC0s were approximately equal to the SRPs, were in impermanent equilibrium with overlying water in status of phosphorus, the sediments can be likely to release phosphorus to the water column once the equilibrium was broken. Therefore, sedimentary phos- phorus can be a secondary pollution source in downstream Nansi Lake.展开更多
Recent studies have shown that PM_(2.5) may activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis by inducing hormonal changes,potentially explaining the increase in neurological and cardiovascular risks.In addition,an...Recent studies have shown that PM_(2.5) may activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis by inducing hormonal changes,potentially explaining the increase in neurological and cardiovascular risks.In addition,an association between PM_(2.5) and gut microbiota and metabolites was established.The above evidence represents crucial parts of the gut-brain axis(GBA).In view of this evidence.展开更多
The visualization and analysis of a novel acoustic-particulate system is the objective of this study. The system is composed of rice-husk fired smoke particulates (36.7 nm-840 μm) and one annular resonant circular-tu...The visualization and analysis of a novel acoustic-particulate system is the objective of this study. The system is composed of rice-husk fired smoke particulates (36.7 nm-840 μm) and one annular resonant circular-tube waveguide contrarily coupled with two sound sources. The collective interaction behavior process of smoke particulates in an inhomogeneous acoustic field is displayed during an experiment and a simulation. The result shows that the aggregation and fragmentation of particles under a change in resonant frequencies and sound pressure amplitude is extremely complex. This complex process consists of dynamically tuning the particle characteristics to attain stripes shaped like thin-films/umbrellas and clusters with volume-change/fragmentation. The balanced modulation of the acoustic radiation force and secondary radiation force to alter the particle characteristics (size and stack density) is verified to be the control mechanism of the particle system. The intermediate variable of the process control is the acoustic contrast factor (Φ) related to the physical characteristics of the growing particulates. The value plus-minus alternation of Φ results in different particulate processes. This study can enhance the application of aerodynamic acoustic-particulate-fluid systems for environment protection, energy fuel conversion, and industrial production.展开更多
Air pollution is known to be a major risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease, but this is unclear for cardiometabolic disease (e.g.diabetes). This is of considerable public health importance, given the nationwide epid...Air pollution is known to be a major risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease, but this is unclear for cardiometabolic disease (e.g.diabetes). This is of considerable public health importance, given the nationwide epidemic of diabetes, accompanied by severe air pollution, in China. The evidence so far remained inadequate to answer questions of whether individuals with cardiometabolic dysfunctions are susceptible to air pollution and whether air pollution exacerbates diabetes development via certain biological pathways. In this manuscript, we summarize the results and limitations of studies exploring these two topics and elaborate our design of a prospective panel study (SCOPE) as a solution. We assessed and compared the health effect of air pollution among pre-diabetic individuals and matched healthy controls through four repeated clinical visits over 1 year. Comprehensive evaluation was made to both health endpoints and exposure. The primary biomarkers were assessed to reveal the impact on multiple biological pathways, including glycolipid metabolism and insulin resistance, endothelial function, and inflammation. Detailed chemical and size fractional components of particulate matter were measured in this study, along with the application of personal monitors.The work should increase our understanding of how air pollution affects individuals with cardiometabolic dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.展开更多
文摘Long-term exposure to high surface ozone(O_(3))concentrations,a complex oxidative atmospheric pollutant,can adversely impact human health.Based on O_(3)monitoring data from 261 cities worldwide in 2020,generalized additive model(GAM)and spatial data analysis(SDA)methods were applied in this study to quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of O_(3)concentration,exposure risk,and dominant meteorological factors.Results indicated that over 40%of the cities worldwide were exposed to harmful O_(3)concentration ranges(40-60μg/m^(3)),with most cities distributed in China and India.Moreover,significant seasonal variations in global O_(3)concentrations were observed,presenting as summer(45.6μg/m^(3))>spring(47.3μg/m^(3))>autumn(38.0μg/m^(3))>winter(33.6μg/m^(3)).Exposure analysis revealed that approximately 12.2%of the population in 261 cities were exposed to an environment with high O_(3)concentrations(80-160μg/m^(3)),with about 36.32 million people in major countries.Thus,the persistent increase in high O_(3)levels worldwide is a critical factor contributing to threats to human health.Furthermore,GAM results indicated temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed as primary determinants of O_(3)variability.The synergy of meteorological factors is critical for understanding O_(3)changes.Our findings are important for enforcing robust air quality policies and mitigating public risk.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30772828the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.07004846+1 种基金the Special Scientific Research Founda-tion of Ministry of Education for Doctoral Research Pro-ject of Combined Program of Colleges and Universities,No.20094425110005the Science and Technology Development Program of Guangdong Provincial Sci-ence and Technology De-partment,No.2008B030301206
文摘OBJECTIVE： To determine the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of depression by performing systematical reviews and meta-analysis from 20 articles of clinical, randomized, controlled studies.DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of PubMed Database, Chinese Biological Medicine Database （VIP database）, China Knowledge Database, and Wanfang Database was performed to search articles published between January 1999 and September 2009. DATA SELECTION： Inclusion criteria： articles published in official academic journals; articles with definite diagnostic criteria and acknowledgment; articles involving subjects with depression or depressive disorders, with no limitations to age, sex, or source; articles involving acupuncture-related therapies （including acupuncture needle, electro-acupuncture, moxibustion, abdominal acupuncture, etc.） as the primary means of intervention; articles of randomized controlled trials or involving ＂randomized controlled＂, ＂randomized grouping＂, or ＂random＂. Jadad scores were utilized to evaluate quality of included articles. Review Manage 4.2.7 software was used to evaluate efficacy of acupuncture in treating depression, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD） score, Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） score, and meta-analysis were used to evaluate clinical efficacy. Meta-analysis of a fixed effect model was performed when P 〉 0.05 or P 〉 0.01 in the test for heterogeneity. Meta-analysis of the random effect model was performed when P≤0.05.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Efficacy rate, HAMD scores, and SDS scores. RESULTS： Quality evaluation of the 20 selected clinical, randomized, controlled trials demonstrated baseline equilibrium and randomness, although a considerable number of randomized studies simply mentioned ＂random＂ without describing a specific method. Therefore, the reliability of randomness was relatively low. An envelope to hide the information was not used, and proper blinding was difficult to implement due to the innate features of acupuncture. The follow-up rate was low, and reasons for dropout were not explored. Therefore, it was not possible to objectively evaluate the study results. In addition, the study did not estimate sample size; it was unclear whether the sample was truly representative of general characteristics. Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture monotherapy exhibited similar efficacy to Western medicine for treating depression： combined effect size OR = 1.66, 95% CI： 0.59 -4.65, combined effect value test： Z= 0.97, P = 0.33. Comparison of the efficacy of acupuncture combination therapy with Western medicine demonstrated a combined effect size OR = 2.46, 95% CI： 1.64-3.71 and combined effect of the value of Z= 4.32 （P 〈 0.01）, implying that there was insufficient evidence to prove a superior effect of acupuncture combination therapy over Western medicine. In terms of HAMD and SDS scores, the weighted mean difference was -2.01 and -8.68, respectively, with 95% Cl： -3.48 to 0.53, -11.21 to -6.16 （P 〈 0.01）, suggesting that acupuncture efficacy was significantly better than the control group.CONCLUSION： The efficacy of acupuncture monotherapy was similar to Western medicine for treating depression. However, efficacy of combination therapy remains uncertain due to inadequate study design （implementation of randomization and blinding, sample size estimation, and data processing methods）.
文摘Panoramic images are widely used in many scenes,especially in virtual reality and street view capture.However,they are new for street furniture identification which is usually based on mobile laser scanning point cloud data or conventional 2D images.This study proposes to perform semantic segmentation on panoramic images and transformed images to separate light poles and traffic signs from background implemented by pre-trained Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN).FCN is the most important model for deep learning applied on semantic segmentation for its end to end training process and pixel-wise prediction.In this study,we use FCN-8s model that pre-trained on cityscape dataset and finetune it by our own data.Then replace cross entropy loss function with focal loss function in the FCN model and train it again to produce the predictions.The results show that in all results from pre-trained model,fine-tuning,and FCN model with focal loss,the light poles and traffic signs are detected well and the transformed images have better performance than panoramic images in the prediction according to the Recall and IoU evaluation.
文摘The specificities of tissue culture of wheat greatly limit the use of chloroplast transformation technologies in this crop. One limitation in wheat tissue culture is that it is difficult to regenerate plantlets from leaf tissue explants of regenerated plantlets, resulting in difficulty in obtaining homoplastic plants via multiple rounds of antibiotic selection of chloroplast transformants. Thus, a repeated in vitro regeneration system from leaf tissues was studied in this research. Our results showed that 2 mm leaf basal segments of the 4 cm high leaves from regenerated plantlets can give the best callus induction at present study. The best callus induction medium was Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg/L naphthalenacetic acid, which gave a callus induction rate of up to 87.2%. The optimal differentiation medium was MS basal medium supplemented with 10 mg/L silver nitrate and 1 mg/L 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, which gave a regeneration rate up to 33.7% for the wheat lines tested. This is the first report showing that leaf basal segments of in vitro regenerated plantlets can be used for regeneration of wheat. The establishment of a repetitive regeneration system should pave the way for the development of chloroplast transformation and the plant regeneration systems starting from leaf material of in vitro regenerated wheat and other cereal crops.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82100399,82100400,and 81790624)the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M701315).
文摘lncRNA ZNF593 antisense(ZNF593-AS)transcripts have been implicated in heart failure through the regulation of myocardial contractility.The decreased transcriptional activity of ZNF593-AS has also been detected in cardiac hypertrophy.However,the function of ZNF593-AS in cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear.Herein,we report that the expression of ZNF593-AS reduced in a mouse model of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiomyocytes in response to treatment with the hypertrophic agonist phenylephrine(PE).In vivo,ZNF593-AS aggravated pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy in knockout mice.By contrast,cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mice(ZNF593-AS MHC-Tg)exhibited attenuated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy.In vitro,vector-based overexpression using murine or human ZNF593-AS alleviated PE-induced myocyte hypertrophy,whereas GapmeR-induced inhibition aggravated hypertrophic phenotypes.By using RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analyses,we identified a link between ZNF593-AS and oxidative phosphorylation and found that mitofusin 2(Mfn2)is a direct target of ZNF593-AS.ZNF593-AS exerts an antihypertrophic effect by upregulating Mfn2 expression and improving mitochondrial function.Therefore,it represents a promising therapeutic target for combating pathological cardiac remodeling.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81790624[to D.W.W.],81900342[to L.P.]and 81790621[to Y.Z.]).
文摘Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)have pleiotropic endogenous cardiovascular protective effects and can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH).Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)has shown an increased prevalence and worse prognosis over the decades.However,the role of sEH activ-ity in HFpEF remains unclear.We enrolled 500 patients with HFpEF and 500 healthy controls between February 2010 and March 2016.Eight types of sEH-related eicosanoids were measured according to target metabolomics,and their correlation with clinical endpoints was also analyzed.The primary endpoint was cardiac mortality,and the secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiac events,including heart failure(HF)readmission,cardiogenic hospitalization,and all-cause mortal-ity.Furthermore,the effect of sEH inhibitors on cardiac diastolic function in HFpEF was investigated in vivo and in vitro.Patients with HFpEF showed significantly enhanced EET degradation by the sEH enzyme compared with healthy controls.More importantly,sEH activity was positively correlated with cardiac mortality in patients with HFpEF,especially in older patients with arrhythmia.A consistent result was obtained in the multiple adjusted models.Decreased sEH activity by the sEH inhibitor showed a significant effective effect on the improvement of cardiac diastolic function by ameliorating lipid disorders in cardiomyocytes of HFpEF mouse model.This study demonstrated that increased sEH activity was associated with cardiac mortality in patients with HFpEF and suggested that sEH inhibition could be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve diastolic cardiac function.Clinical trial identifier:NCT03461107(https://clini caltr ials.gov).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31521005, 31672593)the Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project (NT2021007)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500201)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-41G12)
文摘The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.
基金supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR)-China-Canada Joint Health Research Initiative(CCI-92219)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as a research tool to study inflammation, oxidative stress, and adipokine production requires further investigation.
文摘The research aimed to evaluate present and potential phosphorous pollution due to high sedimentary phosphorus load and release from sediment, when external phosphorus was reduced in downstream Nansi Lake. Pollution load of the sediment and overlying water was investigated. Kinetics and isotherms of adsorption/release of sedimentary phosphorus were studied to determine equilibrium phosphate concentration （EPCo） and release potential. Kinetics of phosphorus adsorption on sediment and release from sediment were well described by both the pseudo-first-order rate equation and the pseudo-second- order rate equation, but more appropriate to the pseudo- second-order rate equation with the adsorption/release capacity more close to the measured values, suggesting that the processes were chemically rate controlled and dependent on adsorption capacity. Soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） sorption isotherms on sediment were best fitted by the modified Langmuir model indicating a monolayer adsorption. By comparing EPC0 and SRP of water, the status （adsorption, releasing or in equilibrium） of sediment phosphorus could be determined. The sediments at site S l, S3, S4, S5, and S7 where the EPC0s were greater than the SRPs, had a potential to release phosphorus into the water column. However, those sediments at S9, S10, and S 12, where the EPC0s were approximately equal to the SRPs, were in impermanent equilibrium with overlying water in status of phosphorus, the sediments can be likely to release phosphorus to the water column once the equilibrium was broken. Therefore, sedimentary phos- phorus can be a secondary pollution source in downstream Nansi Lake.
基金This study was supported by the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(no.DQGG0401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.82025030 and 81941023)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2016YFC0206500).
文摘Recent studies have shown that PM_(2.5) may activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis by inducing hormonal changes,potentially explaining the increase in neurological and cardiovascular risks.In addition,an association between PM_(2.5) and gut microbiota and metabolites was established.The above evidence represents crucial parts of the gut-brain axis(GBA).In view of this evidence.
基金This paper was supported by the Natural Science Foundationof Jjiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20191019)the Natural Science Research Project in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.19KJB470022)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Startup Foundation funding of High-level Introduction Talents of Nanjing Institute of Technology(Grant No.YKJ201912)the Open Fund Project of the Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education of Southeast University.
文摘The visualization and analysis of a novel acoustic-particulate system is the objective of this study. The system is composed of rice-husk fired smoke particulates (36.7 nm-840 μm) and one annular resonant circular-tube waveguide contrarily coupled with two sound sources. The collective interaction behavior process of smoke particulates in an inhomogeneous acoustic field is displayed during an experiment and a simulation. The result shows that the aggregation and fragmentation of particles under a change in resonant frequencies and sound pressure amplitude is extremely complex. This complex process consists of dynamically tuning the particle characteristics to attain stripes shaped like thin-films/umbrellas and clusters with volume-change/fragmentation. The balanced modulation of the acoustic radiation force and secondary radiation force to alter the particle characteristics (size and stack density) is verified to be the control mechanism of the particle system. The intermediate variable of the process control is the acoustic contrast factor (Φ) related to the physical characteristics of the growing particulates. The value plus-minus alternation of Φ results in different particulate processes. This study can enhance the application of aerodynamic acoustic-particulate-fluid systems for environment protection, energy fuel conversion, and industrial production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41421064,21190051, 41121004)the China Postdoc Science Foundation (154248)
文摘Air pollution is known to be a major risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease, but this is unclear for cardiometabolic disease (e.g.diabetes). This is of considerable public health importance, given the nationwide epidemic of diabetes, accompanied by severe air pollution, in China. The evidence so far remained inadequate to answer questions of whether individuals with cardiometabolic dysfunctions are susceptible to air pollution and whether air pollution exacerbates diabetes development via certain biological pathways. In this manuscript, we summarize the results and limitations of studies exploring these two topics and elaborate our design of a prospective panel study (SCOPE) as a solution. We assessed and compared the health effect of air pollution among pre-diabetic individuals and matched healthy controls through four repeated clinical visits over 1 year. Comprehensive evaluation was made to both health endpoints and exposure. The primary biomarkers were assessed to reveal the impact on multiple biological pathways, including glycolipid metabolism and insulin resistance, endothelial function, and inflammation. Detailed chemical and size fractional components of particulate matter were measured in this study, along with the application of personal monitors.The work should increase our understanding of how air pollution affects individuals with cardiometabolic dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.
