Respiratory infections in children increase the risk of fatal lung disease,making effective identification and analysis of breath sounds essential.However,most studies have focused on adults ignoring pediatric patient...Respiratory infections in children increase the risk of fatal lung disease,making effective identification and analysis of breath sounds essential.However,most studies have focused on adults ignoring pediatric patients whose lungs are more vulnerable due to an imperfect immune system,and the scarcity of medical data has limited the development of deep learning methods toward reliability and high classification accuracy.In this work,we collected three types of breath sounds from children with normal(120 recordings),bronchitis(120 recordings),and pneumonia(120 recordings)at the posterior chest position using an off-the-shelf 3M electronic stethoscope.Three features were extracted from the wavelet denoised signal:spectrogram,mel-frequency cepstral coefficients(MFCCs),and Delta MFCCs.The recog-nition model is based on transfer learning techniques and combines fine-tuned MobileNetV2 and modified ResNet50 to classify breath sounds,along with software for displaying analysis results.Extensive experiments on a real dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and superior performance of the proposed model,with average accuracy,precision,recall,specificity and F1 scores of 97.96%,97.83%,97.89%,98.89%and 0.98,respectively,achieving superior performance with a small dataset.The proposed detection system,with a high-performance model and software,can help parents perform lung screening at home and also has the potential for a vast screening of children for lung disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has a high mortality rate,and no effective treatment is available currently.Quercetin is a natural plant product with many pharmacological activities,...BACKGROUND:Sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has a high mortality rate,and no effective treatment is available currently.Quercetin is a natural plant product with many pharmacological activities,such as antioxidative,anti-apoptotic,and anti-inflammatory effects.This study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanism of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS.METHODS:In this study,network pharmacology and in vitro experiments were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS.Core targets and signaling pathways of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS were screened and were verified by in vitro experiments.RESULTS:A total of 4,230 targets of quercetin,360 disease targets of sepsis-related ARDS,and 211 intersection targets were obtained via database screening.Among the 211 intersection targets,interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),albumin(ALB),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were identified as the core targets.A Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed 894 genes involved in the inflammatory response,apoptosis regulation,and response to hypoxia.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis identified 106 pathways.After eliminating and generalizing,the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1),TNF,nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor signaling pathways were identified.Molecular docking revealed that quercetin had good binding activity with the core targets.Moreover,quercetin blocked the HIF-1,TNF,NF-κB,and NODlike receptor signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced murine alveolar macrophage(MH-S)cells.It also suppressed the inflammatory response,oxidative reactions,and cell apoptosis.CONCLUSION:Quercetin ameliorates sepsis-related ARDS by binding to its core targets and blocking the HIF-1,TNF,NF-κB,and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways to reduce inflammation,cell apoptosis,and oxidative stress.展开更多
Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a distributed sensor network composed a large number of nodes with low cost,low performance and self-management.The special structure of WSN brings both convenience and vulnerability.For...Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a distributed sensor network composed a large number of nodes with low cost,low performance and self-management.The special structure of WSN brings both convenience and vulnerability.For example,a malicious participant can launch attacks by capturing a physical device.Therefore,node authentication that can resist malicious attacks is very important to network security.Recently,blockchain technology has shown the potential to enhance the security of the Internet of Things(IoT).In this paper,we propose a Blockchain-empowered Authentication Scheme(BAS)for WSN.In our scheme,all nodes are managed by utilizing the identity information stored on the blockchain.Besides,the simulation experiment about worm detection is executed on BAS,and the security is evaluated from detection and infection rate.The experiment results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively inhibit the spread and infection of worms in the network.展开更多
Golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana),as typical arboreal group-living Old World monkeys,provide an appropriate animal model to research manual laterality and explore the factors affecting hand preference...Golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana),as typical arboreal group-living Old World monkeys,provide an appropriate animal model to research manual laterality and explore the factors affecting hand preference in non-human primates(NHP).This study investigated hand preference based on63 subjects and four spontaneous manual tasks(including unimanual and bimanual feeding and grooming), and assessed the effects of age, gender and type of task on handedness in R. roxellana.A population-level left-handedness was found not only in the bimanual coordinated tasks(bimanual feeding and grooming), but also in one unimanual reaching task(unimanual feeding). There were no significant differences between the sexes in either direction or strength of hand preference among any task. However, a significant difference between adults and juveniles was found in the unimanual feeding task. This is the first report on handedness in unimanual and bimanual feeding tasks that require bipedal posture in wild R. roxellana. Furthermore,this study demonstrated spontaneous feeding tasks reported previously only in the quadrupedal posture in this species, supporting the importance of factors such as posture and task complexity in the evolution of primate manual lateralization.展开更多
Since the socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered this new era,the“curriculum ideology and politics”concept has become one of the innovative achievements in the reformation of ideological and political ed...Since the socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered this new era,the“curriculum ideology and politics”concept has become one of the innovative achievements in the reformation of ideological and political education courses in colleges as well as universities.Based on the emphasis of“curriculum ideology and politics”among graduate students and the influence of the“learning to strengthen the country”concept,this article analyzes universities in regard to the curriculum settings,faculties,and their graduate students.It also explores the“curriculum ideology and politics”concept in consideration of the ontology of teaching,school education,social influence,etc.,and propose practical and extendable countermeasures.展开更多
We investigate quanturn transport of carriers through a strained region on monolayer phosphorene theoretically. The electron tunneling is forbidden when the incident angle exceeds a critical value. The critical angles...We investigate quanturn transport of carriers through a strained region on monolayer phosphorene theoretically. The electron tunneling is forbidden when the incident angle exceeds a critical value. The critical angles for electrons tunneling through a strain region for different strengths and directions of the strains are different. Owing to the anisotropic effective masses, the conductance shows a strong anisotropic behavior. By tuning the Fermi energy and strain, the channels can be transited from opaque to transparent, which provides us with an efiqcient way to control the transport of monolayer phosphorene-based microstruetures.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Combining location data, species distribution modeling(Max Ent), and major conservation events, we analyzed historical distribution changes in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinl...DEAR EDITOR,Combining location data, species distribution modeling(Max Ent), and major conservation events, we analyzed historical distribution changes in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains of China.展开更多
Dust extinction law is crucial to recover the intrinsic energy distribution of celestial objects and infer the characteristics of interstellar dust.Based on the traditional pair method,an improved pair method is propo...Dust extinction law is crucial to recover the intrinsic energy distribution of celestial objects and infer the characteristics of interstellar dust.Based on the traditional pair method,an improved pair method is proposed to model the dust extinguished spectral energy distribution(SED)of an individual star.Instead of the mathematically parameterizing extinction curves,the extinction curves in this work are directly from the silicate-graphite dust model,so that the dust extinction law can be obtained and the dust properties can be analyzed simultaneously.The ATLAS9 stellar model atmosphere is adopted for the intrinsic SEDs in this work,while the silicate-graphite dust model with a dust size distribution of dn da~a^(-a)exp(-a a_(c)),0.005<a<5μmfor each component is adopted for the model extinction curves.One typical extinction tracer in the dense region(V410 Anon9)and one in the diffuse region(Cyg OB2#12)of the Milky Way are chosen to test the reliability and the practicability of the improved pair method in different stellar environments.The results are consistent with their interstellar environments and are in agreement with the previous observations and studies,which prove that the improved pair method is effective and applicable in different stellar environments.In addition to the reliable extinction results,the derived parameters in the dust model can be used to analyze the dust properties,which cannot be achieved by other methods with the mathematical extinction models.With the improved pair method,the stellar parameters can also be inferred and the extinction law beyond the wavelengths of observed data can be predicted based on the dust model as well.展开更多
Small and isolated populations face several intrinsic risks,such as genetic drift,inbreeding depression,and reduced gene fow.Thus,patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation have become an important focus of con...Small and isolated populations face several intrinsic risks,such as genetic drift,inbreeding depression,and reduced gene fow.Thus,patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation have become an important focus of conservation genetics research.The golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana,an endangered species endemic to China,has experienced rapid reduction in population size and severe population fragmentation over the past few decades.We measured the patterns of genetic diversity and population differentiation using both neutral microsatellites and adaptive major histocompatibility complex(MHC)genes in 2 R.roxellana populations(DPY and GNG)distributed on the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains,respectively.Eight MHC-linked haplotypes formed by 5 DQA1 alleles,5 DQB1 alleles,5 DRB1 alleles,and 4 DRB2 alleles were detected in the 2 populations.The larger GNG population showed higher genetic variation for both MHC and microsatellites than the smaller DPY population,suggesting an effect of genetic drift on genetic variation.Genetic differentiation index(FST)outlier analyses,principal coordinate analysis(PCoA),and inferred population genetic structure showed lower genetic differentiation in the MHC variations than microsatellites,suggesting that pathogen-mediated balancing selection,rather than local adaptation,homogenized the MHC genes of both populations.This study indicates that both balancing selection and genetic drift may shape genetic variation and differentiation in small and fragmented populations.展开更多
Spinal cord injury （SCI） is a devastating type of neurological trauma with limited therapeutic op- portunities. The pathophysiology of SCI involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Among all the secondary...Spinal cord injury （SCI） is a devastating type of neurological trauma with limited therapeutic op- portunities. The pathophysiology of SCI involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Among all the secondary injury mechanisms, the inflammatory response is the major contrib- utor and results in expansion of the lesion and further loss of neurologic function. Meanwhile, the inflammation directly and indirectly dominates the outcomes of SCI, including not only pain and motor dysfunction, but also preventingneuronal regeneration. Microglia and macrophages play very important roles in secondary injury. Microglia reside in spinal parenchyma and survey the microenvironment through the signals of injury or infection. Macrophages are derived from monocytes recruited to injured sites from the peripheral circulation. Activated resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages induce and magnify immune and inflammatory responses not only by means of their secretory moleculesand phagocytosis, but also through their influence on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and demyelination. In this review, we focus on the roles of mi- croglia and macrophages in secondary injury and how they contribute to the sequelae of SCI.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute exacerbation in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection results in different severities of liver injury. The risk factors related to progression to hepatic decompensation(HD) and acute-...BACKGROUND Acute exacerbation in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection results in different severities of liver injury. The risk factors related to progression to hepatic decompensation(HD) and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) in patients with severe acute exacerbation(SAE) of chronic HBV infection remain unknown.AIM To identify risk factors related to progression to HD and ACLF in compensated patients with SAE of chronic HBV infection.METHODS The baseline characteristics of 164 patients with SAE of chronic HBV infection were retrospectively reviewed. Independent risk factors associated with progression to HD and ACLF were identified. The predictive values of our previously established prediction model in patients with acute exacerbation(AE model) and the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score in predicting the development of ACLF were evaluated.RESULTS Among 164 patients with SAE, 83(50.6%) had compensated liver cirrhosis(LC),43 had progression to HD without ACLF, and 29 had progression to ACLF within 28 d after admission. Independent risk factors associated with progression to HD were LC and low alanine aminotransferase. Independent risk factors for progression to ACLF were LC, high MELD score, high aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels, and low prothrombin activity(PTA). The area under the receiver operating characteristic of the AE model [0.844, 95%confidence interval(CI): 0.779-0.896] was significantly higher than that of MELD score(0.690, 95%CI: 0.613-0.760, P < 0.05) in predicting the development of ACLF.CONCLUSION In patients with SAE of chronic HBV infection, LC is an independent risk factor for progression to both HD and ACLF. High MELD score, high AST, and low PTA are associated with progression to ACLF. The AE model is a better predictor of ACLF development in patients with SAE than MELD score.展开更多
Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2(NOD2) is a major cytoplasmic sensor for pathogens and is critical for the clearance of cytosolic bacteria in mammals.However, studies regarding NOD2, especially the initiated signal...Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2(NOD2) is a major cytoplasmic sensor for pathogens and is critical for the clearance of cytosolic bacteria in mammals.However, studies regarding NOD2, especially the initiated signaling pathways, are scarce in teleost species. In this study, we identified a NOD2 molecule(PaNOD2) from ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis).Bioinformatics analysis showed the structure of NOD2 to be highly conserved during vertebrate evolution. Dual-luciferase reporter assays examined the activation of NF-κB signaling and Western blotting analysis detected the phosphorylation of three MAP kinases(p-38, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2).Functional study revealed that, like its mammalian counterparts, PaNOD2 was the receptor of the bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide(MDP), and the leucine-rich repeat motif was responsible for the recognition and binding of Pa NOD2 with the ligand. Overexpression of PaNOD2 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β in HEK293 T cells and ayu head kidney-derived monocytes/macrophages(MO/MΦ).Particularly, we found that PaNOD2 activated the MAPK signaling pathways, as indicated by the increased phosphorylation of p-38, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2, which have not been characterized in any teleost species previously. Our findings proved that the NOD2 molecule and initiated pathways are conserved between mammals and ayu. Therefore, ayu could be used as an animal model to investigate NOD2-based diseases and therapeutic applications.展开更多
Watermelon fruit undergoes distinct development stages with dramatic changes during fruit ripening.To date,the molecular mechanics of watermelon ripening remain unclear.Genetic and transcriptome evidences suggested th...Watermelon fruit undergoes distinct development stages with dramatic changes during fruit ripening.To date,the molecular mechanics of watermelon ripening remain unclear.Genetic and transcriptome evidences suggested that the ethylene response factor(ERF)gene ClERF069 may be an important candidate factor affecting watermelon fruit ripening.To dissect the roles of ClERF069 in fruit ripening,structure and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the amplified full-length sequence.Normal-ripening watermelon 97103,non-ripening watermelon PI296341-FR and the RIL population were used to analyze ClERF069 expression dynamics and the correlation with fruit ripening indexs.The results indicated that ClERF069 belongs to ERF family group VI and show high homology(83%identity)to melon ERF069-like protein.ClERF069 expression in watermelon flesh was negatively correlated with fruit lycopene content and sugar content during fruit ripening progress.Further transgenic evidences indicated that overexpression of 35S:ClERF069 in tomato noticeably delayed the ripening process up to 5.2 days.Lycopene,β-carotenoid accumulation patterns were altered and ethylene production patterns in transgenic fruits was significantly delayed during fruit ripening.Taken together,watermelon ethylene response factor ClERF069 was concluded to be a negative regulator of fruit ripening.展开更多
BACKGROUND Licorice-induced severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis is clinically rare. Gitelman syndrome(GS) is the most common inherited renal tubular disease, while diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the w...BACKGROUND Licorice-induced severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis is clinically rare. Gitelman syndrome(GS) is the most common inherited renal tubular disease, while diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Recently, some studies have found that GS patients had higher diabetic morbidity. However, the coexistence of these three diseases has yet to be reported.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 62-year-old Chinese man who was admitted with weakness in the extremities, muscle pain, and dark-colored urine. He had consumed liquorice water daily for seven days prior to admission. The laboratory tests revealed a serum potassium level of 1.84 mmol/L, magnesium 0.68 mmol/L, creatinine phosphokinase(CK) 10117 IU/L, and marked hemoglobinuria. Fractional chloride excretion and fractional magnesium excretion were increased. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were within the normal ranges. Sequence analysis of the SLC12 A3 gene revealed that he had compound heterozygous mutations. The diagnosis of liquoriceinduced severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with GS and diabetes was thus genetically confirmed. Serum potassium and CK quickly improved with potassium replacement therapy, hydration, and discontinuation of liquorice ingestion. Upon follow-up at 3 mo, the levels of CK, myoglobin, and potassium remained normal, and magnesium was above 0.6 mmol/L.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes that liquorice consumption and GS should be considered causes of hypokalemia and that the diabetic status of GS patients should be noted in the clinic.展开更多
AIM:To investigate angiopoietin(Ang) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in rats with ulcerative colitis(UC) and colorectal cancer(CRC).METHODS:Dysplasia and cancer were investigatedin rats that re...AIM:To investigate angiopoietin(Ang) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in rats with ulcerative colitis(UC) and colorectal cancer(CRC).METHODS:Dysplasia and cancer were investigatedin rats that received three cycles of 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in drinking water for 7 d followed by distilled water for 14 d after intraperitoneal pretreatment with 20 mg/kg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)(CRC group).Colitis was investigated in rats that received three cycles of 3.5% DSS in drinking water for 7 d followed by distilled water for 14 d after intraperitoneal pretreatment with saline(UC group).Rats without DSS or DMH treatment served as controls.Expression of the tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulinlike and EGF-like domains(Tie)-2 and its ligands,Ang-1 and Ang-2,as well as VEGF were evaluated in the colorectum by Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared with rats in the control group,rats in the CRC and UC groups developed the symptoms of acute colitis with diarrhea,rectal bleeding,wasting,and loss of body weight(P < 0.05).In addition,the mean length of colorectum of CRC and UC rats was significantly shorter than that of control rats(8.29 ± 0.21 and 8.31 ± 0.86,respectively,vs 12.34 ± 0.12 cm; P < 0.05).Furthermore,rats in the CRC group,but not in the UC or control groups,developed multiple tumors in the colorectal region.Western blot analysis revealed that rats in the CRC and UC groups had markedly increased protein levels of Ang-1,Ang-2,Tie-2,and VEGF in the colorectum compared to rats in the control group.CONCLUSION:Increased expression of Ang-1,Ang-2,Tie-2,and VEGF in ulcerative colitis-derived colorectal cancer might lead to chronic colitis and pathologic angiogenesis in rats.展开更多
AIM To introduce a two-step method for creating a gastric tube during laparoscopic-thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy and assess its clinical application.METHODS One hundred and twenty-two patients with middle or ...AIM To introduce a two-step method for creating a gastric tube during laparoscopic-thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy and assess its clinical application.METHODS One hundred and twenty-two patients with middle or lower esophageal cancer who underwent laparoscopicthoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy at Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute from March 2014 to March 2016 were included in this study,and divided into two groups based on the procedure used for creating a gastric tube. One group used a two-step method for creating a gastric tube,and the other group used the conventional method. The two groups were compared regarding the operating time,surgical complications,and number of stapler cartridges used.RESULTS The mean operating time was significantly shorter in the two-step method group than in the conventional method group [238(179-293) min vs 272(189-347) min,P < 0.01]. No postoperative death occurred in either group. There was no significant difference in the rate of complications [14(21.9%) vs 13(22.4%),P= 0.55] or mean number of stapler cartridges used [5(4-6) vs 5.2(5-6),P = 0.007] between the two groups.CONCLUSION The two-step method for creating a gastric tube during laparoscopic-thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy has the advantages of simple operation,minimal damage to the tubular stomach,and reduced use of stapler cartridges.展开更多
基金funded by the Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD1882)the Flexible Introduction Scientific Research Starting Foundation of Hainan University(2020.11-2025.10).
文摘Respiratory infections in children increase the risk of fatal lung disease,making effective identification and analysis of breath sounds essential.However,most studies have focused on adults ignoring pediatric patients whose lungs are more vulnerable due to an imperfect immune system,and the scarcity of medical data has limited the development of deep learning methods toward reliability and high classification accuracy.In this work,we collected three types of breath sounds from children with normal(120 recordings),bronchitis(120 recordings),and pneumonia(120 recordings)at the posterior chest position using an off-the-shelf 3M electronic stethoscope.Three features were extracted from the wavelet denoised signal:spectrogram,mel-frequency cepstral coefficients(MFCCs),and Delta MFCCs.The recog-nition model is based on transfer learning techniques and combines fine-tuned MobileNetV2 and modified ResNet50 to classify breath sounds,along with software for displaying analysis results.Extensive experiments on a real dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and superior performance of the proposed model,with average accuracy,precision,recall,specificity and F1 scores of 97.96%,97.83%,97.89%,98.89%and 0.98,respectively,achieving superior performance with a small dataset.The proposed detection system,with a high-performance model and software,can help parents perform lung screening at home and also has the potential for a vast screening of children for lung disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172182 and 82102311)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211136)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M643890 and 2020M683718)Xuzhou Science and Technology Project(KC21215 and KC22136)Development Fund Project of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University(XYFY202232)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has a high mortality rate,and no effective treatment is available currently.Quercetin is a natural plant product with many pharmacological activities,such as antioxidative,anti-apoptotic,and anti-inflammatory effects.This study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanism of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS.METHODS:In this study,network pharmacology and in vitro experiments were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS.Core targets and signaling pathways of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS were screened and were verified by in vitro experiments.RESULTS:A total of 4,230 targets of quercetin,360 disease targets of sepsis-related ARDS,and 211 intersection targets were obtained via database screening.Among the 211 intersection targets,interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),albumin(ALB),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were identified as the core targets.A Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed 894 genes involved in the inflammatory response,apoptosis regulation,and response to hypoxia.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis identified 106 pathways.After eliminating and generalizing,the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1),TNF,nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor signaling pathways were identified.Molecular docking revealed that quercetin had good binding activity with the core targets.Moreover,quercetin blocked the HIF-1,TNF,NF-κB,and NODlike receptor signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced murine alveolar macrophage(MH-S)cells.It also suppressed the inflammatory response,oxidative reactions,and cell apoptosis.CONCLUSION:Quercetin ameliorates sepsis-related ARDS by binding to its core targets and blocking the HIF-1,TNF,NF-κB,and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways to reduce inflammation,cell apoptosis,and oxidative stress.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.61962009Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Guizhou Province under Grant No.20183001Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Big Data under Grant No.2018BDKFJJ003,2018BDKFJJ005 and 2019BDKFJJ009.
文摘Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a distributed sensor network composed a large number of nodes with low cost,low performance and self-management.The special structure of WSN brings both convenience and vulnerability.For example,a malicious participant can launch attacks by capturing a physical device.Therefore,node authentication that can resist malicious attacks is very important to network security.Recently,blockchain technology has shown the potential to enhance the security of the Internet of Things(IoT).In this paper,we propose a Blockchain-empowered Authentication Scheme(BAS)for WSN.In our scheme,all nodes are managed by utilizing the identity information stored on the blockchain.Besides,the simulation experiment about worm detection is executed on BAS,and the security is evaluated from detection and infection rate.The experiment results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively inhibit the spread and infection of worms in the network.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572278,31472014)+1 种基金the Foundation of Shaanxi Academy of Sciences of China(2016K-20)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFC0503200)
文摘Golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana),as typical arboreal group-living Old World monkeys,provide an appropriate animal model to research manual laterality and explore the factors affecting hand preference in non-human primates(NHP).This study investigated hand preference based on63 subjects and four spontaneous manual tasks(including unimanual and bimanual feeding and grooming), and assessed the effects of age, gender and type of task on handedness in R. roxellana.A population-level left-handedness was found not only in the bimanual coordinated tasks(bimanual feeding and grooming), but also in one unimanual reaching task(unimanual feeding). There were no significant differences between the sexes in either direction or strength of hand preference among any task. However, a significant difference between adults and juveniles was found in the unimanual feeding task. This is the first report on handedness in unimanual and bimanual feeding tasks that require bipedal posture in wild R. roxellana. Furthermore,this study demonstrated spontaneous feeding tasks reported previously only in the quadrupedal posture in this species, supporting the importance of factors such as posture and task complexity in the evolution of primate manual lateralization.
基金Anhui University of Finance and Economics Postgraduate Research and Innovation Fund Project(ACYC2020280).
文摘Since the socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered this new era,the“curriculum ideology and politics”concept has become one of the innovative achievements in the reformation of ideological and political education courses in colleges as well as universities.Based on the emphasis of“curriculum ideology and politics”among graduate students and the influence of the“learning to strengthen the country”concept,this article analyzes universities in regard to the curriculum settings,faculties,and their graduate students.It also explores the“curriculum ideology and politics”concept in consideration of the ontology of teaching,school education,social influence,etc.,and propose practical and extendable countermeasures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11374002the Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Provincethe Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province
文摘We investigate quanturn transport of carriers through a strained region on monolayer phosphorene theoretically. The electron tunneling is forbidden when the incident angle exceeds a critical value. The critical angles for electrons tunneling through a strain region for different strengths and directions of the strains are different. Owing to the anisotropic effective masses, the conductance shows a strong anisotropic behavior. By tuning the Fermi energy and strain, the channels can be transited from opaque to transparent, which provides us with an efiqcient way to control the transport of monolayer phosphorene-based microstruetures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070457, 32200396, 32000317)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31020302)+3 种基金Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project(2019HJ2096001006)Key Cultivation Research Project of Shaanxi Academy of Sciences (2022k-05,2021kp-7,2020k-1,2020K-20)Forestry Reform and Development Foundation of Shaanxi Forestry Bureau (2021)American Society of Primatologists Wild “Saving Primates Where They Live” Partnership Award。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Combining location data, species distribution modeling(Max Ent), and major conservation events, we analyzed historical distribution changes in golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains of China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)through grant Nos.12133002,U2031209 and 12203025Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation through project ZR2022QA064the CSST Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies Survey on Dust and Extinction Project CMS-CSST2021-A09。
文摘Dust extinction law is crucial to recover the intrinsic energy distribution of celestial objects and infer the characteristics of interstellar dust.Based on the traditional pair method,an improved pair method is proposed to model the dust extinguished spectral energy distribution(SED)of an individual star.Instead of the mathematically parameterizing extinction curves,the extinction curves in this work are directly from the silicate-graphite dust model,so that the dust extinction law can be obtained and the dust properties can be analyzed simultaneously.The ATLAS9 stellar model atmosphere is adopted for the intrinsic SEDs in this work,while the silicate-graphite dust model with a dust size distribution of dn da~a^(-a)exp(-a a_(c)),0.005<a<5μmfor each component is adopted for the model extinction curves.One typical extinction tracer in the dense region(V410 Anon9)and one in the diffuse region(Cyg OB2#12)of the Milky Way are chosen to test the reliability and the practicability of the improved pair method in different stellar environments.The results are consistent with their interstellar environments and are in agreement with the previous observations and studies,which prove that the improved pair method is effective and applicable in different stellar environments.In addition to the reliable extinction results,the derived parameters in the dust model can be used to analyze the dust properties,which cannot be achieved by other methods with the mathematical extinction models.With the improved pair method,the stellar parameters can also be inferred and the extinction law beyond the wavelengths of observed data can be predicted based on the dust model as well.
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31020302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730104,31770425,32071495,32170515,32070453,and 32000317)Derek W.Dunn was supported by a Shaanxi Province Talents 100 Fellowships.
文摘Small and isolated populations face several intrinsic risks,such as genetic drift,inbreeding depression,and reduced gene fow.Thus,patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation have become an important focus of conservation genetics research.The golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana,an endangered species endemic to China,has experienced rapid reduction in population size and severe population fragmentation over the past few decades.We measured the patterns of genetic diversity and population differentiation using both neutral microsatellites and adaptive major histocompatibility complex(MHC)genes in 2 R.roxellana populations(DPY and GNG)distributed on the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains,respectively.Eight MHC-linked haplotypes formed by 5 DQA1 alleles,5 DQB1 alleles,5 DRB1 alleles,and 4 DRB2 alleles were detected in the 2 populations.The larger GNG population showed higher genetic variation for both MHC and microsatellites than the smaller DPY population,suggesting an effect of genetic drift on genetic variation.Genetic differentiation index(FST)outlier analyses,principal coordinate analysis(PCoA),and inferred population genetic structure showed lower genetic differentiation in the MHC variations than microsatellites,suggesting that pathogen-mediated balancing selection,rather than local adaptation,homogenized the MHC genes of both populations.This study indicates that both balancing selection and genetic drift may shape genetic variation and differentiation in small and fragmented populations.
基金supported by grants from National Institutes of Health(R01GM100474)the New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research(CSCR13IRG006)
文摘Spinal cord injury （SCI） is a devastating type of neurological trauma with limited therapeutic op- portunities. The pathophysiology of SCI involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Among all the secondary injury mechanisms, the inflammatory response is the major contrib- utor and results in expansion of the lesion and further loss of neurologic function. Meanwhile, the inflammation directly and indirectly dominates the outcomes of SCI, including not only pain and motor dysfunction, but also preventingneuronal regeneration. Microglia and macrophages play very important roles in secondary injury. Microglia reside in spinal parenchyma and survey the microenvironment through the signals of injury or infection. Macrophages are derived from monocytes recruited to injured sites from the peripheral circulation. Activated resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages induce and magnify immune and inflammatory responses not only by means of their secretory moleculesand phagocytosis, but also through their influence on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and demyelination. In this review, we focus on the roles of mi- croglia and macrophages in secondary injury and how they contribute to the sequelae of SCI.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81460124 and No.81860114
文摘BACKGROUND Acute exacerbation in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection results in different severities of liver injury. The risk factors related to progression to hepatic decompensation(HD) and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) in patients with severe acute exacerbation(SAE) of chronic HBV infection remain unknown.AIM To identify risk factors related to progression to HD and ACLF in compensated patients with SAE of chronic HBV infection.METHODS The baseline characteristics of 164 patients with SAE of chronic HBV infection were retrospectively reviewed. Independent risk factors associated with progression to HD and ACLF were identified. The predictive values of our previously established prediction model in patients with acute exacerbation(AE model) and the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score in predicting the development of ACLF were evaluated.RESULTS Among 164 patients with SAE, 83(50.6%) had compensated liver cirrhosis(LC),43 had progression to HD without ACLF, and 29 had progression to ACLF within 28 d after admission. Independent risk factors associated with progression to HD were LC and low alanine aminotransferase. Independent risk factors for progression to ACLF were LC, high MELD score, high aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels, and low prothrombin activity(PTA). The area under the receiver operating characteristic of the AE model [0.844, 95%confidence interval(CI): 0.779-0.896] was significantly higher than that of MELD score(0.690, 95%CI: 0.613-0.760, P < 0.05) in predicting the development of ACLF.CONCLUSION In patients with SAE of chronic HBV infection, LC is an independent risk factor for progression to both HD and ACLF. High MELD score, high AST, and low PTA are associated with progression to ACLF. The AE model is a better predictor of ACLF development in patients with SAE than MELD score.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772876,31702374)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ18C190001,LQ17C190001)+1 种基金Zhejiang Xinmiao Talents Program(2017R405023)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2(NOD2) is a major cytoplasmic sensor for pathogens and is critical for the clearance of cytosolic bacteria in mammals.However, studies regarding NOD2, especially the initiated signaling pathways, are scarce in teleost species. In this study, we identified a NOD2 molecule(PaNOD2) from ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis).Bioinformatics analysis showed the structure of NOD2 to be highly conserved during vertebrate evolution. Dual-luciferase reporter assays examined the activation of NF-κB signaling and Western blotting analysis detected the phosphorylation of three MAP kinases(p-38, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2).Functional study revealed that, like its mammalian counterparts, PaNOD2 was the receptor of the bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide(MDP), and the leucine-rich repeat motif was responsible for the recognition and binding of Pa NOD2 with the ligand. Overexpression of PaNOD2 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β in HEK293 T cells and ayu head kidney-derived monocytes/macrophages(MO/MΦ).Particularly, we found that PaNOD2 activated the MAPK signaling pathways, as indicated by the increased phosphorylation of p-38, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2, which have not been characterized in any teleost species previously. Our findings proved that the NOD2 molecule and initiated pathways are conserved between mammals and ayu. Therefore, ayu could be used as an animal model to investigate NOD2-based diseases and therapeutic applications.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0100703)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Grant No.D171100007617001)+4 种基金the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant Nos.QNJJ201733,KJCX20200202)the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(Grant No.CARS-25)the Beijing Scholar Program(Grant No.BSP026)Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(Grant No.BAIC10-2020)the Bagui Scholar Program(Grant No.2016A11).
文摘Watermelon fruit undergoes distinct development stages with dramatic changes during fruit ripening.To date,the molecular mechanics of watermelon ripening remain unclear.Genetic and transcriptome evidences suggested that the ethylene response factor(ERF)gene ClERF069 may be an important candidate factor affecting watermelon fruit ripening.To dissect the roles of ClERF069 in fruit ripening,structure and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the amplified full-length sequence.Normal-ripening watermelon 97103,non-ripening watermelon PI296341-FR and the RIL population were used to analyze ClERF069 expression dynamics and the correlation with fruit ripening indexs.The results indicated that ClERF069 belongs to ERF family group VI and show high homology(83%identity)to melon ERF069-like protein.ClERF069 expression in watermelon flesh was negatively correlated with fruit lycopene content and sugar content during fruit ripening progress.Further transgenic evidences indicated that overexpression of 35S:ClERF069 in tomato noticeably delayed the ripening process up to 5.2 days.Lycopene,β-carotenoid accumulation patterns were altered and ethylene production patterns in transgenic fruits was significantly delayed during fruit ripening.Taken together,watermelon ethylene response factor ClERF069 was concluded to be a negative regulator of fruit ripening.
基金Supported by the Fund Program for Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province,No.2017-397
文摘BACKGROUND Licorice-induced severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis is clinically rare. Gitelman syndrome(GS) is the most common inherited renal tubular disease, while diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Recently, some studies have found that GS patients had higher diabetic morbidity. However, the coexistence of these three diseases has yet to be reported.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 62-year-old Chinese man who was admitted with weakness in the extremities, muscle pain, and dark-colored urine. He had consumed liquorice water daily for seven days prior to admission. The laboratory tests revealed a serum potassium level of 1.84 mmol/L, magnesium 0.68 mmol/L, creatinine phosphokinase(CK) 10117 IU/L, and marked hemoglobinuria. Fractional chloride excretion and fractional magnesium excretion were increased. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were within the normal ranges. Sequence analysis of the SLC12 A3 gene revealed that he had compound heterozygous mutations. The diagnosis of liquoriceinduced severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with GS and diabetes was thus genetically confirmed. Serum potassium and CK quickly improved with potassium replacement therapy, hydration, and discontinuation of liquorice ingestion. Upon follow-up at 3 mo, the levels of CK, myoglobin, and potassium remained normal, and magnesium was above 0.6 mmol/L.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes that liquorice consumption and GS should be considered causes of hypokalemia and that the diabetic status of GS patients should be noted in the clinic.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Province,No.2013225303the Science and Technology Project of Shenyang City,No.F13-316-1-40
文摘AIM:To investigate angiopoietin(Ang) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in rats with ulcerative colitis(UC) and colorectal cancer(CRC).METHODS:Dysplasia and cancer were investigatedin rats that received three cycles of 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in drinking water for 7 d followed by distilled water for 14 d after intraperitoneal pretreatment with 20 mg/kg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)(CRC group).Colitis was investigated in rats that received three cycles of 3.5% DSS in drinking water for 7 d followed by distilled water for 14 d after intraperitoneal pretreatment with saline(UC group).Rats without DSS or DMH treatment served as controls.Expression of the tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulinlike and EGF-like domains(Tie)-2 and its ligands,Ang-1 and Ang-2,as well as VEGF were evaluated in the colorectum by Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared with rats in the control group,rats in the CRC and UC groups developed the symptoms of acute colitis with diarrhea,rectal bleeding,wasting,and loss of body weight(P < 0.05).In addition,the mean length of colorectum of CRC and UC rats was significantly shorter than that of control rats(8.29 ± 0.21 and 8.31 ± 0.86,respectively,vs 12.34 ± 0.12 cm; P < 0.05).Furthermore,rats in the CRC group,but not in the UC or control groups,developed multiple tumors in the colorectal region.Western blot analysis revealed that rats in the CRC and UC groups had markedly increased protein levels of Ang-1,Ang-2,Tie-2,and VEGF in the colorectum compared to rats in the control group.CONCLUSION:Increased expression of Ang-1,Ang-2,Tie-2,and VEGF in ulcerative colitis-derived colorectal cancer might lead to chronic colitis and pathologic angiogenesis in rats.
文摘AIM To introduce a two-step method for creating a gastric tube during laparoscopic-thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy and assess its clinical application.METHODS One hundred and twenty-two patients with middle or lower esophageal cancer who underwent laparoscopicthoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy at Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute from March 2014 to March 2016 were included in this study,and divided into two groups based on the procedure used for creating a gastric tube. One group used a two-step method for creating a gastric tube,and the other group used the conventional method. The two groups were compared regarding the operating time,surgical complications,and number of stapler cartridges used.RESULTS The mean operating time was significantly shorter in the two-step method group than in the conventional method group [238(179-293) min vs 272(189-347) min,P < 0.01]. No postoperative death occurred in either group. There was no significant difference in the rate of complications [14(21.9%) vs 13(22.4%),P= 0.55] or mean number of stapler cartridges used [5(4-6) vs 5.2(5-6),P = 0.007] between the two groups.CONCLUSION The two-step method for creating a gastric tube during laparoscopic-thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy has the advantages of simple operation,minimal damage to the tubular stomach,and reduced use of stapler cartridges.
