Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreve rsible blindness wo rldwide,and previous studies have shown that,in addition to affecting the eyes,it also causes abnormalities in the brain.However,it is not yet clear how the pr...Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreve rsible blindness wo rldwide,and previous studies have shown that,in addition to affecting the eyes,it also causes abnormalities in the brain.However,it is not yet clear how the primary visual cortex(V1)is altered in glaucoma.This study used DBA/2J mice as a model for spontaneous secondary glaucoma.The aim of the study was to compare the electrophysiological and histomorphological chara cteristics of neurons in the V1between 9-month-old DBA/2J mice and age-matched C57BL/6J mice.We conducted single-unit recordings in the V1 of light-anesthetized mice to measure the visually induced responses,including single-unit spiking and gamma band oscillations.The morphology of layerⅡ/Ⅲneurons was determined by neuronal nuclear antigen staining and Nissl staining of brain tissue sections.Eighty-seven neurons from eight DBA/2J mice and eighty-one neurons from eight C57BL/6J mice were examined.Compared with the C57BL/6J group,V1 neurons in the DBA/2J group exhibited weaker visual tuning and impaired spatial summation.Moreove r,fewer neuro ns were observed in the V1 of DBA/2J mice compared with C57BL/6J mice.These findings suggest that DBA/2J mice have fewer neurons in the VI compared with C57BL/6J mice,and that these neurons have impaired visual tuning.Our findings provide a better understanding of the pathological changes that occur in V1 neuron function and morphology in the DBA/2J mouse model.This study might offer some innovative perspectives regarding the treatment of glaucoma.展开更多
The estimation of pain intensity is critical for medical diagnosis and treatment of patients.With the development of image monitoring technology and artificial intelligence,automatic pain assessment based on facial ex...The estimation of pain intensity is critical for medical diagnosis and treatment of patients.With the development of image monitoring technology and artificial intelligence,automatic pain assessment based on facial expression and behavioral analysis shows a potential value in clinical applications.This paper reports a framework of convolutional neural network with global and local attention mechanism(GLA-CNN)for the effective detection of pain intensity at four-level thresholds using facial expression images.GLA-CNN includes two modules,namely global attention network(GANet)and local attention network(LANet).LANet is responsible for extracting representative local patch features of faces,while GANet extracts whole facial features to compensate for the ignored correlative features between patches.In the end,the global correlational and local subtle features are fused for the final estimation of pain intensity.Experiments under the UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain database demonstrate that GLA-CNN outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.Additionally,a visualization analysis is conducted to present the feature map of GLA-CNN,intuitively showing that it can extract not only local pain features but also global correlative facial ones.Our study demonstrates that pain assessment based on facial expression is a non-invasive and feasible method,and can be employed as an auxiliary pain assessment tool in clinical practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neovascular glaucoma(NVG)is likely to occur after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in some patients,thus reducing the expected benefit.Understanding the risk factors for NVG occurrence ...BACKGROUND Neovascular glaucoma(NVG)is likely to occur after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in some patients,thus reducing the expected benefit.Understanding the risk factors for NVG occurrence and building effective risk prediction models are currently required for clinical research.AIM To develop a visual risk profile model to explore factors influencing DR after surgery.METHODS We retrospectively selected 151 patients with DR undergoing PPV.The patients were divided into the NVG(NVG occurrence)and No-NVG(No NVG occurrence)groups according to the occurrence of NVG within 6 months after surgery.Independent risk factors for postoperative NVG were screened by logistic regression.A nomogram prediction model was established using R software,and the model’s prediction accuracy was verified internally and externally,involving the receiver operator characteristic curve and correction curve.RESULTS After importing the data into a logistic regression model,we concluded that a posterior capsular defect,preoperative vascular endothelial growth factor≥302.90 pg/mL,glycosylated hemoglobin≥9.05%,aqueous fluid interleukin 6(IL-6)≥53.27 pg/mL,and aqueous fluid IL-10≥9.11 pg/mL were independent risk factors for postoperative NVG in patients with DR(P<0.05).A nomogram model was established based on the aforementioned independent risk factors,and a computer simulation repeated sampling method was used to internally and externally verify the nomogram model.The area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity of the model were 0.962[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.932-0.991],91.5%,and 82.3%,respectively.The AUC,sensitivity,and specificity of the external validation were 0.878(95%CI:0.746-0.982),66.7%,and 95.7%,respectively.CONCLUSION A nomogram constructed based on the risk factors for postoperative NVG in patients with DR has a high prediction accuracy.This study can help formulate relevant preventive and treatment measures.展开更多
Purpose–During the construction process of the China Railway Track System(CRTS)I type filling layer,the nonwoven fabric bags have been used as grouting templates for cement asphalt(CA)emulsified mortar.The porous str...Purpose–During the construction process of the China Railway Track System(CRTS)I type filling layer,the nonwoven fabric bags have been used as grouting templates for cement asphalt(CA)emulsified mortar.The porous structure of nonwoven fabrics endowed the templates with breathability and water permeability.The standard requires that the volume expansion rate of CA mortar must be controlled within 1%–3%,which can generate expansion pressure to ensure that the cavities under track slabs are filled fully.However,the expansion pressure caused some of the water to seep out from the periphery of the filling bag,and it would affect the actual mix proportion of CA mortar.The differences in physical and mechanical properties between the CA mortar under track slabs and the CA mortar formed in the laboratory were studied in this paper.The relevant results could provide important methods for the research of filling layer materials for CRTS I type and other types of ballastless tracks in China.Design/methodology/approach–During the inspection of filling layer,the samples of CA mortar from different working conditions and raw materials were taken by uncovering the track slabs and drilling cores.The physical and mechanical properties of CA mortar under the filling layer of the slab were systematically analyzed by testing the electrical flux,compressive strength and density of mortar in different parts of the filling layer.Findings–In this paper,the electric flux,the physical properties and mechanical properties of different parts of CA mortar under the track slab were investigated.The results showed that the density,electric flux and compressive strength of CA mortar were affected by the composition of raw materials for dry powders and different parts of the filling layer.In addition,the electrical flux of CA mortar gradually decreased within 90 days’age.The electrical flux of samples with the thickness of 54 mm was lower than 500 C.Therefore,the impermeability and durability of CA mortar could be improved by increasing the thickness of filling layer.Besides,the results showed that the compressive strength of CA mortar increased,while the density and electric flux decreased gradually,with the prolongation of hardening time.Originality/value–During 90 days’age,the electrical flux of the CA mortar gradually decreased with the increase of specimen thickness and the electrical flux of the specimens with the thickness of 54 mm was lower than 500 C.The impermeability and durability of the CA mortar could be improved by increasing the thickness of filling layer.The proposed method can provide reference for the further development and improvement of CRTS I and CRTS II type ballastless track in China.展开更多
In domestic cattle,the body size traits have important implications in terms of breed characteristics and production performance.Shuxuan cattle is a dual-purpose breed mainly raised in Sichuan province,China,for which...In domestic cattle,the body size traits have important implications in terms of breed characteristics and production performance.Shuxuan cattle is a dual-purpose breed mainly raised in Sichuan province,China,for which we have known less about the genetic parameters and underlying candidate genes in relation to the body size traits.In this study,we obtained the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using the Illumina Bovine BeadChip in 275 Shuxuan cattle.These SNPs were first used for estimating genetic parameters for the withers height(WH)and diagonal body length(BL).Using the bivariate animal model,the estimates(±standard error)of heritabilities were 0.71±0.22 and 0.49±0.29 for BL,and their genetic correlation was 0.64±0.37.Second,the genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed.However,these did not result into genome-wide significant SNPs for both WH and BL traits.According to a less stringent suggestive significance,some positional candidate genes were found,and some of them(such as FAM110B,TAS1R2,PAX3,and FHIT)were previously reported in literature to be associated with body size traits in cattle.In conclusion,we estimated the genetic parameters in Shuxuan cattle using genomic information for the first time,which are required for implementing the genomic selection programs in the future.展开更多
To enhance the safety of road traffic operations,this paper proposed a model based on stacking integrated learning utilizing American road traffic accident statistics.Initially,the process involved data cleaning,trans...To enhance the safety of road traffic operations,this paper proposed a model based on stacking integrated learning utilizing American road traffic accident statistics.Initially,the process involved data cleaning,transformation,and normalization.Subsequently,various classification models were constructed,including logistic regression,k-nearest neighbors,gradient boosting,decision trees,AdaBoost,and extra trees models.Evaluation metrics such as accuracy,precision,recall,F1 score,and Hamming loss were employed.Upon analysis,the passive-aggressive classifier model exhibited superior comprehensive indices compared to other models.Based on the model’s output results,an in-depth examination of the factors influencing traffic accidents was conducted.Additionally,measures and suggestions aimed at reducing the incidence of severe traffic accidents were presented.These findings served as a valuable reference for mitigating the occurrence of traffic accidents.展开更多
In this study, yak bone collagen hydrolysate(YBCH)was produced by mixed proteases and provided to standard-diet mice at a different dose(low dose(LD), medium dose(MD), and high dose(HD))to investigate its effects on t...In this study, yak bone collagen hydrolysate(YBCH)was produced by mixed proteases and provided to standard-diet mice at a different dose(low dose(LD), medium dose(MD), and high dose(HD))to investigate its effects on the composition of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)production. It was found that YBCH was mainly composed of small molecular peptides whose molecular weight below 2 000 Da. Notably, supplementation with different doses of YBCH could significantly downregulate the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the fecal microbiota. At the family level, the Lachnospiraceae abundance was significantly reduced in the YBCH gavage groups(mean reduction ratio 41.7 %, 35.2%, and 36.4% for LD, MD, and HD group, respectively). The predicted functions of gut microbes in the MD group were significantly increased at “lipid metabolism” and “glycan biosynthesis and metabolism”. Moreover, the SCFA production in the YBCH groups was elevated. Especially, the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the MD group was separately increased 79.7%, 89.2%, and 78.8% than that in the NC group. These results indicated that YBCH might be applied in the development of functional food for intestinal microecological regulation.展开更多
How to effectively transform the pro-oncogenic tumor microenvironments(TME)surrounding a tumor into an anti-tumoral never fails to attract people to study.Small interfering RNA(siRNA)is considered one of the most note...How to effectively transform the pro-oncogenic tumor microenvironments(TME)surrounding a tumor into an anti-tumoral never fails to attract people to study.Small interfering RNA(siRNA)is considered one of the most noteworthy research directions that can regulate gene expression following a process known as RNA interference(RNAi).The research about siRNA delivery targeting tumor cells and TME has been on the rise in recent years.Using siRNA drugs to silence critical proteins in TME was one of the most efficient solutions.However,the manufacture of a siRNA delivery system faces three major obstacles,i.e.,appropriate cargo protection,accurately targeted delivery,and site-specific cargo release.In the following review,we summarized the pharmacological actions of siRNA drugs in remolding TME.In addition,the delivery strategies of siRNA drugs and combination therapy with siRNA drugs to remodel TME are thoroughly discussed.In the meanwhile,the most recent advancements in the development of all clinically investigated and commercialized siRNA delivery technologies are also presented.Ultimately,we propose that nanoparticle drug delivery siRNA may be the future research focus of oncogene therapy.This summary offers a thorough analysis and roadmap for general readers working in the field.展开更多
As Professor Jiaxi Lu,the former president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),said,“Academic journals are both the‘tail’and the‘head’of a dragon”[1].Professor Zuoyan Zhu,former editor-in-chief of both Scien...As Professor Jiaxi Lu,the former president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),said,“Academic journals are both the‘tail’and the‘head’of a dragon”[1].Professor Zuoyan Zhu,former editor-in-chief of both Science China and Science Bulletin,also once said,“Let Chinese scientific journals grow along with scientific research in China”[2].Academic journals are important carriers for the exchange and dissemination of innovation and achievement in science and are important gardens for the training of scientific talent;also,they play an important role in carrying out an evaluation of academic work.Medical journals are an important component of the academic journal sphere,not only because they account for onethird of academic journals but also because they are directly related to human health。展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors have attracted considerable interest for their unique physical properties.Here,we report the intrinsic cryogenic electronic transport properties in few-layer MoSe_(2)field-effect tran...Two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors have attracted considerable interest for their unique physical properties.Here,we report the intrinsic cryogenic electronic transport properties in few-layer MoSe_(2)field-effect transistors(FETs)that are fully encapsulated in ultraclean hexagonal boron nitride dielectrics and are simultaneously van der Waals contacted with gold electrodes.The FETs exhibit electronically favorable channel/dielectric interfaces with low densities of interfacial traps(<1010cm^(-2)),which lead to outstanding device characteristics at room temperature,including near-Boltzmann-limit subthreshold swings(65 mV/dec),high carrier mobilities(53–68 cm^(2)·V-1·s^(-1)),and negligible scanning hystereses(<15 mV).The dependence of various contact-related parameters with temperature and carrier density is also systematically characterized to understand the van der Waals contacts between gold and MoSe_(2).The results provide insightful information about the device physics in van der Waals contacted and encapsulated 2D FETs.展开更多
Self-oscillation is an intriguing and omnipresent phenomenon that governs a broad range of growth dynamics and formation of nanoscale periodic and delicate heterostructures.A self-oscillating growth phenomenon of cata...Self-oscillation is an intriguing and omnipresent phenomenon that governs a broad range of growth dynamics and formation of nanoscale periodic and delicate heterostructures.A self-oscillating growth phenomenon of catalyst droplets,consuming surface-coating a-Si/a-Ge bilayer,is exploited to accomplish a high-frequency alternating growth of ultrathin crystalline Si and Ge(c-Si/c-Ge)nano-slates,with Ge-rich layer thickness of 14–19 nm,embedded within a superlattice nanowire structure,with pre-known position and uniform channel diameter.A subsequent selective etching of the Ge-rich segments leaves a chain of ultrafine standing c-Si nanosheets down to~6 nm thick,without the use of any expensive high-resolution lithography and growth modulation control.A ternary-phase-competition model has been established to explain the underlying formation mechanism of this nanoscale self-oscillating growth dynamics.It is also suggested that these ultrathin nanosheets could help to produce ultrathin fin-channels for advanced electronics,or provide size-specified trapping sites to capture and position hetero nanoparticle for high-precision labelling or light emission.展开更多
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Projects 2022ZD0208500(to DY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072011(to YX),82121003(to DY),82271120(to YS)+2 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program,No.2022ZYD0066(to YS)a grant from Chinese Academy of Medical Science,No.2019-12M-5-032(to YS)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.ZYGX2021YGLH219(to KC)。
文摘Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreve rsible blindness wo rldwide,and previous studies have shown that,in addition to affecting the eyes,it also causes abnormalities in the brain.However,it is not yet clear how the primary visual cortex(V1)is altered in glaucoma.This study used DBA/2J mice as a model for spontaneous secondary glaucoma.The aim of the study was to compare the electrophysiological and histomorphological chara cteristics of neurons in the V1between 9-month-old DBA/2J mice and age-matched C57BL/6J mice.We conducted single-unit recordings in the V1 of light-anesthetized mice to measure the visually induced responses,including single-unit spiking and gamma band oscillations.The morphology of layerⅡ/Ⅲneurons was determined by neuronal nuclear antigen staining and Nissl staining of brain tissue sections.Eighty-seven neurons from eight DBA/2J mice and eighty-one neurons from eight C57BL/6J mice were examined.Compared with the C57BL/6J group,V1 neurons in the DBA/2J group exhibited weaker visual tuning and impaired spatial summation.Moreove r,fewer neuro ns were observed in the V1 of DBA/2J mice compared with C57BL/6J mice.These findings suggest that DBA/2J mice have fewer neurons in the VI compared with C57BL/6J mice,and that these neurons have impaired visual tuning.Our findings provide a better understanding of the pathological changes that occur in V1 neuron function and morphology in the DBA/2J mouse model.This study might offer some innovative perspectives regarding the treatment of glaucoma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62276051the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province under Grant No.2023NSFSC0640Medical Industry Information Integration Collaborative Innovation Project of Yangtze Delta Region Institute under Grant No.U0723002。
文摘The estimation of pain intensity is critical for medical diagnosis and treatment of patients.With the development of image monitoring technology and artificial intelligence,automatic pain assessment based on facial expression and behavioral analysis shows a potential value in clinical applications.This paper reports a framework of convolutional neural network with global and local attention mechanism(GLA-CNN)for the effective detection of pain intensity at four-level thresholds using facial expression images.GLA-CNN includes two modules,namely global attention network(GANet)and local attention network(LANet).LANet is responsible for extracting representative local patch features of faces,while GANet extracts whole facial features to compensate for the ignored correlative features between patches.In the end,the global correlational and local subtle features are fused for the final estimation of pain intensity.Experiments under the UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain database demonstrate that GLA-CNN outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.Additionally,a visualization analysis is conducted to present the feature map of GLA-CNN,intuitively showing that it can extract not only local pain features but also global correlative facial ones.Our study demonstrates that pain assessment based on facial expression is a non-invasive and feasible method,and can be employed as an auxiliary pain assessment tool in clinical practice.
文摘异源图像配准中,由于图像的成像机理差异,图像像素强度关联和旋转畸变是不可避免的两大问题,针对图像像素强度关联问题,提出了基于辐射不变特征变换(radiation-variation insensitive feature transform,RIFT)的图像配准算法,对图像间像素关联差异小的图像对配准有良好的精度,但对旋转畸变图像会产生较多错误匹配。对于旋转畸变问题,传统的ORB(oriented fast and rotated brief)算法,对旋转图像的配准有一定的稳定性,但对于强度变化不明显的图像对,特征点检测质量较低,配准精度不理想。因此本文将相位一致性(phase consistency,PC)融合进ORB算法,利用相位信息代替传统的图像强度信息,再构造旋转不变性BRIEF特征描述子,对图像像素强度变化和旋转畸变均具有鲁棒性。用图像像素强度关联不明显的红外图像和可见光图像进行配准实验,本文算法针对不同旋转幅度的图像的配准精度较高,RMSE稳定在1.7~2.1,优于RIFT算法,在特征点检测数量、配准精度和效率等性能上均有良好性能。
基金Supported by the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project,No.TJYXZDXK-037A.
文摘BACKGROUND Neovascular glaucoma(NVG)is likely to occur after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in some patients,thus reducing the expected benefit.Understanding the risk factors for NVG occurrence and building effective risk prediction models are currently required for clinical research.AIM To develop a visual risk profile model to explore factors influencing DR after surgery.METHODS We retrospectively selected 151 patients with DR undergoing PPV.The patients were divided into the NVG(NVG occurrence)and No-NVG(No NVG occurrence)groups according to the occurrence of NVG within 6 months after surgery.Independent risk factors for postoperative NVG were screened by logistic regression.A nomogram prediction model was established using R software,and the model’s prediction accuracy was verified internally and externally,involving the receiver operator characteristic curve and correction curve.RESULTS After importing the data into a logistic regression model,we concluded that a posterior capsular defect,preoperative vascular endothelial growth factor≥302.90 pg/mL,glycosylated hemoglobin≥9.05%,aqueous fluid interleukin 6(IL-6)≥53.27 pg/mL,and aqueous fluid IL-10≥9.11 pg/mL were independent risk factors for postoperative NVG in patients with DR(P<0.05).A nomogram model was established based on the aforementioned independent risk factors,and a computer simulation repeated sampling method was used to internally and externally verify the nomogram model.The area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity of the model were 0.962[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.932-0.991],91.5%,and 82.3%,respectively.The AUC,sensitivity,and specificity of the external validation were 0.878(95%CI:0.746-0.982),66.7%,and 95.7%,respectively.CONCLUSION A nomogram constructed based on the risk factors for postoperative NVG in patients with DR has a high prediction accuracy.This study can help formulate relevant preventive and treatment measures.
基金This article was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51408610).
文摘Purpose–During the construction process of the China Railway Track System(CRTS)I type filling layer,the nonwoven fabric bags have been used as grouting templates for cement asphalt(CA)emulsified mortar.The porous structure of nonwoven fabrics endowed the templates with breathability and water permeability.The standard requires that the volume expansion rate of CA mortar must be controlled within 1%–3%,which can generate expansion pressure to ensure that the cavities under track slabs are filled fully.However,the expansion pressure caused some of the water to seep out from the periphery of the filling bag,and it would affect the actual mix proportion of CA mortar.The differences in physical and mechanical properties between the CA mortar under track slabs and the CA mortar formed in the laboratory were studied in this paper.The relevant results could provide important methods for the research of filling layer materials for CRTS I type and other types of ballastless tracks in China.Design/methodology/approach–During the inspection of filling layer,the samples of CA mortar from different working conditions and raw materials were taken by uncovering the track slabs and drilling cores.The physical and mechanical properties of CA mortar under the filling layer of the slab were systematically analyzed by testing the electrical flux,compressive strength and density of mortar in different parts of the filling layer.Findings–In this paper,the electric flux,the physical properties and mechanical properties of different parts of CA mortar under the track slab were investigated.The results showed that the density,electric flux and compressive strength of CA mortar were affected by the composition of raw materials for dry powders and different parts of the filling layer.In addition,the electrical flux of CA mortar gradually decreased within 90 days’age.The electrical flux of samples with the thickness of 54 mm was lower than 500 C.Therefore,the impermeability and durability of CA mortar could be improved by increasing the thickness of filling layer.Besides,the results showed that the compressive strength of CA mortar increased,while the density and electric flux decreased gradually,with the prolongation of hardening time.Originality/value–During 90 days’age,the electrical flux of the CA mortar gradually decreased with the increase of specimen thickness and the electrical flux of the specimens with the thickness of 54 mm was lower than 500 C.The impermeability and durability of the CA mortar could be improved by increasing the thickness of filling layer.The proposed method can provide reference for the further development and improvement of CRTS I and CRTS II type ballastless track in China.
基金Supported by the Sichuan Province Key Research and Development Project(2022YFYZ0006)the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Planning Project(2021YFYZ0001).
文摘In domestic cattle,the body size traits have important implications in terms of breed characteristics and production performance.Shuxuan cattle is a dual-purpose breed mainly raised in Sichuan province,China,for which we have known less about the genetic parameters and underlying candidate genes in relation to the body size traits.In this study,we obtained the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using the Illumina Bovine BeadChip in 275 Shuxuan cattle.These SNPs were first used for estimating genetic parameters for the withers height(WH)and diagonal body length(BL).Using the bivariate animal model,the estimates(±standard error)of heritabilities were 0.71±0.22 and 0.49±0.29 for BL,and their genetic correlation was 0.64±0.37.Second,the genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed.However,these did not result into genome-wide significant SNPs for both WH and BL traits.According to a less stringent suggestive significance,some positional candidate genes were found,and some of them(such as FAM110B,TAS1R2,PAX3,and FHIT)were previously reported in literature to be associated with body size traits in cattle.In conclusion,we estimated the genetic parameters in Shuxuan cattle using genomic information for the first time,which are required for implementing the genomic selection programs in the future.
文摘To enhance the safety of road traffic operations,this paper proposed a model based on stacking integrated learning utilizing American road traffic accident statistics.Initially,the process involved data cleaning,transformation,and normalization.Subsequently,various classification models were constructed,including logistic regression,k-nearest neighbors,gradient boosting,decision trees,AdaBoost,and extra trees models.Evaluation metrics such as accuracy,precision,recall,F1 score,and Hamming loss were employed.Upon analysis,the passive-aggressive classifier model exhibited superior comprehensive indices compared to other models.Based on the model’s output results,an in-depth examination of the factors influencing traffic accidents was conducted.Additionally,measures and suggestions aimed at reducing the incidence of severe traffic accidents were presented.These findings served as a valuable reference for mitigating the occurrence of traffic accidents.
基金support from the staff of the National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food,Jiangnan Universitysupported by the Postdoctoral Research Funding of Jiangsu Province (2021K269B)National Key Research & Developmental Program of China (2018YFA0900300)。
文摘In this study, yak bone collagen hydrolysate(YBCH)was produced by mixed proteases and provided to standard-diet mice at a different dose(low dose(LD), medium dose(MD), and high dose(HD))to investigate its effects on the composition of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)production. It was found that YBCH was mainly composed of small molecular peptides whose molecular weight below 2 000 Da. Notably, supplementation with different doses of YBCH could significantly downregulate the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the fecal microbiota. At the family level, the Lachnospiraceae abundance was significantly reduced in the YBCH gavage groups(mean reduction ratio 41.7 %, 35.2%, and 36.4% for LD, MD, and HD group, respectively). The predicted functions of gut microbes in the MD group were significantly increased at “lipid metabolism” and “glycan biosynthesis and metabolism”. Moreover, the SCFA production in the YBCH groups was elevated. Especially, the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the MD group was separately increased 79.7%, 89.2%, and 78.8% than that in the NC group. These results indicated that YBCH might be applied in the development of functional food for intestinal microecological regulation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(U2230123,81870683,82121003 and 82201234)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-032)the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province,China(22ZYZYTS0159,2022YFS0606,2023YFS0125,2023YFS0131,2023NSFSC0033,and 22ZYZYTS0151)
文摘How to effectively transform the pro-oncogenic tumor microenvironments(TME)surrounding a tumor into an anti-tumoral never fails to attract people to study.Small interfering RNA(siRNA)is considered one of the most noteworthy research directions that can regulate gene expression following a process known as RNA interference(RNAi).The research about siRNA delivery targeting tumor cells and TME has been on the rise in recent years.Using siRNA drugs to silence critical proteins in TME was one of the most efficient solutions.However,the manufacture of a siRNA delivery system faces three major obstacles,i.e.,appropriate cargo protection,accurately targeted delivery,and site-specific cargo release.In the following review,we summarized the pharmacological actions of siRNA drugs in remolding TME.In addition,the delivery strategies of siRNA drugs and combination therapy with siRNA drugs to remodel TME are thoroughly discussed.In the meanwhile,the most recent advancements in the development of all clinically investigated and commercialized siRNA delivery technologies are also presented.Ultimately,we propose that nanoparticle drug delivery siRNA may be the future research focus of oncogene therapy.This summary offers a thorough analysis and roadmap for general readers working in the field.
文摘As Professor Jiaxi Lu,the former president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),said,“Academic journals are both the‘tail’and the‘head’of a dragon”[1].Professor Zuoyan Zhu,former editor-in-chief of both Science China and Science Bulletin,also once said,“Let Chinese scientific journals grow along with scientific research in China”[2].Academic journals are important carriers for the exchange and dissemination of innovation and achievement in science and are important gardens for the training of scientific talent;also,they play an important role in carrying out an evaluation of academic work.Medical journals are an important component of the academic journal sphere,not only because they account for onethird of academic journals but also because they are directly related to human health。
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1203802 and 2021YFA1202903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92264202,61974060,and 61674080)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program of Jiangsu Province。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors have attracted considerable interest for their unique physical properties.Here,we report the intrinsic cryogenic electronic transport properties in few-layer MoSe_(2)field-effect transistors(FETs)that are fully encapsulated in ultraclean hexagonal boron nitride dielectrics and are simultaneously van der Waals contacted with gold electrodes.The FETs exhibit electronically favorable channel/dielectric interfaces with low densities of interfacial traps(<1010cm^(-2)),which lead to outstanding device characteristics at room temperature,including near-Boltzmann-limit subthreshold swings(65 mV/dec),high carrier mobilities(53–68 cm^(2)·V-1·s^(-1)),and negligible scanning hystereses(<15 mV).The dependence of various contact-related parameters with temperature and carrier density is also systematically characterized to understand the van der Waals contacts between gold and MoSe_(2).The results provide insightful information about the device physics in van der Waals contacted and encapsulated 2D FETs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92164201,61921005,61974064,61934004,and 11874198)。
文摘Self-oscillation is an intriguing and omnipresent phenomenon that governs a broad range of growth dynamics and formation of nanoscale periodic and delicate heterostructures.A self-oscillating growth phenomenon of catalyst droplets,consuming surface-coating a-Si/a-Ge bilayer,is exploited to accomplish a high-frequency alternating growth of ultrathin crystalline Si and Ge(c-Si/c-Ge)nano-slates,with Ge-rich layer thickness of 14–19 nm,embedded within a superlattice nanowire structure,with pre-known position and uniform channel diameter.A subsequent selective etching of the Ge-rich segments leaves a chain of ultrafine standing c-Si nanosheets down to~6 nm thick,without the use of any expensive high-resolution lithography and growth modulation control.A ternary-phase-competition model has been established to explain the underlying formation mechanism of this nanoscale self-oscillating growth dynamics.It is also suggested that these ultrathin nanosheets could help to produce ultrathin fin-channels for advanced electronics,or provide size-specified trapping sites to capture and position hetero nanoparticle for high-precision labelling or light emission.
