Background:Jinqi Jiangtang tablets(JQJT)have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in China for many years.Exploring the effective substances and mechanisms of JQJT is important for its clin...Background:Jinqi Jiangtang tablets(JQJT)have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in China for many years.Exploring the effective substances and mechanisms of JQJT is important for its clinical application and further drug research and development.This study aimed to explore the chemical basis and mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.Methods:With network pharmacology,we screened substances in JQJT and their possible targets,then constructed the action network and enriched the biological functions and pathways associated with the active components,and identified the potential targets and mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.Based on the network pharmacology data,we explored the hypoglycemic mechanisms of coptisine in JQJT through western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results:Forty-three compounds with good pharmacokinetic properties were identified in JQJT,together with 146 potential biological targets.Among these potential targets,74 were associated with treatment of T2DM.A compound-target network of the 43 compounds against T2DM was constructed.Biological process and signal pathway enrichment analysis of the network highlighted the FoxO signaling pathway.Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that coptisine,but not epiberberine,significantly inhibited expression of key genes involved in hepatocyte gluconeogenesis by regulating the FoxO1 signaling pathway.Conclusion:Network pharmacology analysis and cell experiments showed that coptisine regulated glucose homeostasis by inhibiting the FoxO1 signaling pathway and hepatic gluconeogenesis,which may be one of the mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.展开更多
A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained d...A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained during the practical RH process. There are three flow patterns with different bubbling characteristics and steel surface states in the vacuum chamber: boiling pattern(BP), transition pattern(TP), and wave pattern(WP). The effect of the liquid-steel level and the residence time of the steel in the chamber on flow patterns and decarburization reaction were investigated, respectively. The liquid-steel level significantly affected the flow-pattern transition from BP to WP, and the residence time and reaction area were crucial to evaluate the whole decarburization process rather than the circulation flow rate and mixing time. A superior flow-pattern map during the practical RH process showed that the steel flow pattern changed from BP to TP quickly, and then remained as TP until the end of decarburization.展开更多
Mold electromagnetic stirring technology for optimizing the flow of molten steel is now widely used in the continuous casting production process of high-quality steels.However,studies on the case that the center of th...Mold electromagnetic stirring technology for optimizing the flow of molten steel is now widely used in the continuous casting production process of high-quality steels.However,studies on the case that the center of the electromagnetic stirrer is located outside the mold have not been reported.Herein,the effect of the electromagnetic stirrer centered outside the mold on the steel flow field was studied in detail by means of numerical simulations.A Gauss meter was used to measure the magnetic induction intensity at different positions,currents,and frequencies.The test results were compared with the simulation results of electromagnetic stirring to calibrate and verify the accuracy of the electromagnetic model.Then,electromagnetic force was introduced into the flow field model as a source term to study its effect on the flow field under anomalous conditions.The results show that when the center of the electromagnetic stirrer is located outside the mold,the magnetic field strength is about twice as strong as that located inside the mold.This also leads to an increase in the flow velocity near the electromagnetic stirrer.As a result,the optimal electromagnetic stirring parameters(200 A,2.5 Hz)were specified when the center of the electromagnetic stirrer is located outside the mold.展开更多
The cleanliness and defects for cold-rolled steel sheet caused by inclusions are greatly influenced by parameters in the metallurgical processing. Good control of parameters during the processing can lead to a better ...The cleanliness and defects for cold-rolled steel sheet caused by inclusions are greatly influenced by parameters in the metallurgical processing. Good control of parameters during the processing can lead to a better product. In this paper, data mining was used to explore the influence of parameters on defects in steel sheets. A decision tree model was established and it was found that the oxygen content before deoxidation, the end-point temperature of the converter, and the temperature before deoxidation had a great impact on the defects in the cold-rolled sheet that were caused by inclusions. This finding was confirmed by experiments with infrared absorption, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and automatic inclusion analysis methods. After optimization according to results from the model and experiments, the defect rate caused by the inclusions was reduced from 0.92% to 0.38%.展开更多
Double resonance optical pumping spectroscopy has an outstanding advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio, thus having potential applications in precision measurement. With the counter propagated 780 nm and 776 nm lase...Double resonance optical pumping spectroscopy has an outstanding advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio, thus having potential applications in precision measurement. With the counter propagated 780 nm and 776 nm laser beams acting on a rubidium vapor cell, the high resolution spectrum of 5S_(1/2)-5P_(3/2)-5D_(5/2) ladder-type transition of ^(87)Rb atoms is obtained by monitoring the population of the 5S_(1/2) ground state. The dependence of the spectroscopy lineshape on the probe and coupling fields are comprehensively studied in theory and experiment.This research is helpful for measurement of fundamental physical constants by high resolution spectroscopy.展开更多
Strand electromagnetic stirring(S-EMS) and final electromagnetic stirring(F-EMS) are the main methods used to improve the center porosity and segregation for round blooms. To optimize the stirring conditions, nail sho...Strand electromagnetic stirring(S-EMS) and final electromagnetic stirring(F-EMS) are the main methods used to improve the center porosity and segregation for round blooms. To optimize the stirring conditions, nail shooting tests were conducted for three sections of large round blooms with diameters of ф380 mm, ф450 mm, and ф600 mm. Acid leaching and sulfur print tests were used to investigate the shell thickness. Based on the results of nail shooting tests, a mathematical model of solidification was established, and the variation of shell thickness and the central solid fraction were exactly calculated by the model. By taking all sections into account, the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS were optimized for each section. In the results, the macro-segregation of various sections is improved after the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS systems are changed.展开更多
Ladle slag affects steel cleanliness at the end of the Ruhrstahl-Hereaeus(RH)and holding process.The relationship between composition of ladle slag,total oxygen(TO)and inclusions was investigated using X-ray fluoresce...Ladle slag affects steel cleanliness at the end of the Ruhrstahl-Hereaeus(RH)and holding process.The relationship between composition of ladle slag,total oxygen(TO)and inclusions was investigated using X-ray fluorescence(XRF),infrared absorption,and SEM+EDS methods.The results indicate that TO in steel at the end of RH increases linearly with increasing FeO content in slag.TO is lower when wCaO/wAlO(C/A)=1.5-2.0than4under23 that of C/A=1.0-1. an approximate content of FeO.During the holding process,irregular Al_2O_3 inclusions are newly generated due to slag reoxidation.Additionally,Al_2O_3-Ti_xO inclusions are newly generated in the steel when the content of FeO is higher.By combining experimental and thermodynamic calculation results,it is determined that the slag has a good melting property within the zone of C/A=1.2-1.8and adsorption capacity of Al_2O_3 when the content of SiO_2 in slag is controlled at 4%-6%.The increase in the C/A ratio and the decrease of FeO content in slag can slow down the reoxidation rate.展开更多
In the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)refining process,liquid steel flow pattern in a ladle is controlled by the fluid flow behavior in the vacuum chamber.Potassium chloride solution and NaOH solution saturated with CO_2 were r...In the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)refining process,liquid steel flow pattern in a ladle is controlled by the fluid flow behavior in the vacuum chamber.Potassium chloride solution and NaOH solution saturated with CO_2 were respectively used as a tracer to investigate the liquid and gas flow behaviors in the vacuum chamber.Principal component and comparative analysis were made to show the factors controlling mixing and circulation flow rate.The liquid level and bubble behavior in the vacuum chamber greatly affect fluid flow in RH process.Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of liquid steel level,gas flow rate,bubble residence time,and gas injection mode on mixing,decarburization,and void fraction.The results indicate that the mixing process can be divided into three regions:the flow rate-affected zone,the concentration gradient-affected zone,and their combination.The liquid steel level in the vacuum chamber of 300 mm is a critical point in the decarburization transition.For liquid level lower than 300 mm,liquid steel circulation controls decarburization,while for liquid level higher than 300 mm,bubble behavior is the main controlling factor.During the RH process,it is recommended to use the concentrated bubble injection mode for low gas flow rates and the uniform bubble injection mode for high gas flow rates.展开更多
A numerical model of an iron bath smelting reduction furnace with side-bottom combined blowing was established to study the influence of blowing arrangements on the stirring effect of the molten pool,and the accuracy ...A numerical model of an iron bath smelting reduction furnace with side-bottom combined blowing was established to study the influence of blowing arrangements on the stirring effect of the molten pool,and the accuracy of numerical simulation was verified by water model experiment.By comparing the flow field of molten pool with single nozzle,double nozzles(symmetrical and asymmetrical),and four nozzles(symmetrical and asymmetrical),the proportion of dead zone,average turbulent kinetic energy,and mixing time,the results show that asymmetrical bottom blowing is better than symmetrical bottom blowing,and the effect of double nozzles bottom blowing was better than that of four nozzles bottom blowing.The mixing effect is the worst under the condition of single nozzle.When the bottom blowing is asymmetrical with double nozzles,the mixing time is the shortest.Under the condition of double nozzles asymmetrical bottom blowing,when the insertion angle and depth of side lance are larger and deeper,the velocity streamline of molten slag layer is denser and the value is larger;meanwhile,the reflux of molten iron layer is larger,the proportion of dead zone is smaller,and the whole molten pool is fully stirred.When the insertion depth of the side lance is deeper,the gas holdup in the molten pool is greater and the stirring of the molten pool is more intense,while the insertion angle has little effect on the gas holdup.By comparing the influence of different side blowing conditions on the slag layer,it is found that the slag layer is divided into two layers by double-layer side lance,with the critical surface of the slag layer at about 200-260 mm from the bottom,and the insertion depth of the lower side lance has a greater influence on the layering of the slag.展开更多
A controllable electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) is experimentally realized in a coherent rubidium ensemble with 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2 cascade configuration.In our work,a whole picture de-scribing the relation bet...A controllable electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) is experimentally realized in a coherent rubidium ensemble with 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2 cascade configuration.In our work,a whole picture de-scribing the relation between the first-order diffraction efficiency and the power of the coupling field is experimentally presented for the first time,which agrees well with the theoretical prediction.More important,by fine tuning the experimental parameters,the first-order diffraction efficient of as high as 25% can be achieved and a clear three-order diffraction pattern is also observed.Such a controllable periodic structure can provide a powerful tool for studying the control of light dynamics,pave the way for realizing new optical device.展开更多
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number:2021-JYB-XJSJJ-003)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines(grant number:GTZK202108)+1 种基金Chinese Society of Toxicology(grant number:CST2021CT101)Discipline Construction Project of Peking Union Medical College(grant number:201920200801).
文摘Background:Jinqi Jiangtang tablets(JQJT)have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in China for many years.Exploring the effective substances and mechanisms of JQJT is important for its clinical application and further drug research and development.This study aimed to explore the chemical basis and mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.Methods:With network pharmacology,we screened substances in JQJT and their possible targets,then constructed the action network and enriched the biological functions and pathways associated with the active components,and identified the potential targets and mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.Based on the network pharmacology data,we explored the hypoglycemic mechanisms of coptisine in JQJT through western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results:Forty-three compounds with good pharmacokinetic properties were identified in JQJT,together with 146 potential biological targets.Among these potential targets,74 were associated with treatment of T2DM.A compound-target network of the 43 compounds against T2DM was constructed.Biological process and signal pathway enrichment analysis of the network highlighted the FoxO signaling pathway.Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that coptisine,but not epiberberine,significantly inhibited expression of key genes involved in hepatocyte gluconeogenesis by regulating the FoxO1 signaling pathway.Conclusion:Network pharmacology analysis and cell experiments showed that coptisine regulated glucose homeostasis by inhibiting the FoxO1 signaling pathway and hepatic gluconeogenesis,which may be one of the mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51704203)the PhD Early Development Program of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology (Nos. 20152008, 20152013, and 20152018)+2 种基金Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths (No. 201601D202027)Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province (Nos. 201603D111004 and 201603D121010)NSFC-Shanxi Coal Based Low Carbon Joint Fund (No. U1510131)
文摘A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained during the practical RH process. There are three flow patterns with different bubbling characteristics and steel surface states in the vacuum chamber: boiling pattern(BP), transition pattern(TP), and wave pattern(WP). The effect of the liquid-steel level and the residence time of the steel in the chamber on flow patterns and decarburization reaction were investigated, respectively. The liquid-steel level significantly affected the flow-pattern transition from BP to WP, and the residence time and reaction area were crucial to evaluate the whole decarburization process rather than the circulation flow rate and mixing time. A superior flow-pattern map during the practical RH process showed that the steel flow pattern changed from BP to TP quickly, and then remained as TP until the end of decarburization.
基金The present work was financially supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730230)Special Funding Projects for Local Science and Technology Development guided by the Central Committee(No.YDZJSX2022C028)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-22-053A1).
文摘Mold electromagnetic stirring technology for optimizing the flow of molten steel is now widely used in the continuous casting production process of high-quality steels.However,studies on the case that the center of the electromagnetic stirrer is located outside the mold have not been reported.Herein,the effect of the electromagnetic stirrer centered outside the mold on the steel flow field was studied in detail by means of numerical simulations.A Gauss meter was used to measure the magnetic induction intensity at different positions,currents,and frequencies.The test results were compared with the simulation results of electromagnetic stirring to calibrate and verify the accuracy of the electromagnetic model.Then,electromagnetic force was introduced into the flow field model as a source term to study its effect on the flow field under anomalous conditions.The results show that when the center of the electromagnetic stirrer is located outside the mold,the magnetic field strength is about twice as strong as that located inside the mold.This also leads to an increase in the flow velocity near the electromagnetic stirrer.As a result,the optimal electromagnetic stirring parameters(200 A,2.5 Hz)were specified when the center of the electromagnetic stirrer is located outside the mold.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51704203)
文摘The cleanliness and defects for cold-rolled steel sheet caused by inclusions are greatly influenced by parameters in the metallurgical processing. Good control of parameters during the processing can lead to a better product. In this paper, data mining was used to explore the influence of parameters on defects in steel sheets. A decision tree model was established and it was found that the oxygen content before deoxidation, the end-point temperature of the converter, and the temperature before deoxidation had a great impact on the defects in the cold-rolled sheet that were caused by inclusions. This finding was confirmed by experiments with infrared absorption, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and automatic inclusion analysis methods. After optimization according to results from the model and experiments, the defect rate caused by the inclusions was reduced from 0.92% to 0.38%.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No 2017YFA0304203the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61575116,61705122,61728502,91736209 and 11434007+2 种基金the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No IRT13076the Program for Sanjin Scholars of Shanxi Province,the Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province under Grant No 201701D221004the Fund for Shanxi ‘1331 Project’ Key Subjects Construction
文摘Double resonance optical pumping spectroscopy has an outstanding advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio, thus having potential applications in precision measurement. With the counter propagated 780 nm and 776 nm laser beams acting on a rubidium vapor cell, the high resolution spectrum of 5S_(1/2)-5P_(3/2)-5D_(5/2) ladder-type transition of ^(87)Rb atoms is obtained by monitoring the population of the 5S_(1/2) ground state. The dependence of the spectroscopy lineshape on the probe and coupling fields are comprehensively studied in theory and experiment.This research is helpful for measurement of fundamental physical constants by high resolution spectroscopy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51404018)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy Foundation(No.41614014)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2015BAF30B01)
文摘Strand electromagnetic stirring(S-EMS) and final electromagnetic stirring(F-EMS) are the main methods used to improve the center porosity and segregation for round blooms. To optimize the stirring conditions, nail shooting tests were conducted for three sections of large round blooms with diameters of ф380 mm, ф450 mm, and ф600 mm. Acid leaching and sulfur print tests were used to investigate the shell thickness. Based on the results of nail shooting tests, a mathematical model of solidification was established, and the variation of shell thickness and the central solid fraction were exactly calculated by the model. By taking all sections into account, the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS were optimized for each section. In the results, the macro-segregation of various sections is improved after the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS systems are changed.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51574019 and 51404018)the National Key Technology R&D Program (2015BAF30B1)Ph.D. Early Development Program of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(No.20152008)
文摘Ladle slag affects steel cleanliness at the end of the Ruhrstahl-Hereaeus(RH)and holding process.The relationship between composition of ladle slag,total oxygen(TO)and inclusions was investigated using X-ray fluorescence(XRF),infrared absorption,and SEM+EDS methods.The results indicate that TO in steel at the end of RH increases linearly with increasing FeO content in slag.TO is lower when wCaO/wAlO(C/A)=1.5-2.0than4under23 that of C/A=1.0-1. an approximate content of FeO.During the holding process,irregular Al_2O_3 inclusions are newly generated due to slag reoxidation.Additionally,Al_2O_3-Ti_xO inclusions are newly generated in the steel when the content of FeO is higher.By combining experimental and thermodynamic calculation results,it is determined that the slag has a good melting property within the zone of C/A=1.2-1.8and adsorption capacity of Al_2O_3 when the content of SiO_2 in slag is controlled at 4%-6%.The increase in the C/A ratio and the decrease of FeO content in slag can slow down the reoxidation rate.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51404022)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(20130006110023)Ph.D Early Development Program of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology of China(20152008,20142001)
文摘In the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)refining process,liquid steel flow pattern in a ladle is controlled by the fluid flow behavior in the vacuum chamber.Potassium chloride solution and NaOH solution saturated with CO_2 were respectively used as a tracer to investigate the liquid and gas flow behaviors in the vacuum chamber.Principal component and comparative analysis were made to show the factors controlling mixing and circulation flow rate.The liquid level and bubble behavior in the vacuum chamber greatly affect fluid flow in RH process.Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of liquid steel level,gas flow rate,bubble residence time,and gas injection mode on mixing,decarburization,and void fraction.The results indicate that the mixing process can be divided into three regions:the flow rate-affected zone,the concentration gradient-affected zone,and their combination.The liquid steel level in the vacuum chamber of 300 mm is a critical point in the decarburization transition.For liquid level lower than 300 mm,liquid steel circulation controls decarburization,while for liquid level higher than 300 mm,bubble behavior is the main controlling factor.During the RH process,it is recommended to use the concentrated bubble injection mode for low gas flow rates and the uniform bubble injection mode for high gas flow rates.
基金The authors wish to express thanks to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51904278)Shanxi Province Key R&D Program High-tech Project(201903D121093)+1 种基金Major Science and Technology Projects of Shanxi Province(20181101002)General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(20210302123218)for supporting this work.
文摘A numerical model of an iron bath smelting reduction furnace with side-bottom combined blowing was established to study the influence of blowing arrangements on the stirring effect of the molten pool,and the accuracy of numerical simulation was verified by water model experiment.By comparing the flow field of molten pool with single nozzle,double nozzles(symmetrical and asymmetrical),and four nozzles(symmetrical and asymmetrical),the proportion of dead zone,average turbulent kinetic energy,and mixing time,the results show that asymmetrical bottom blowing is better than symmetrical bottom blowing,and the effect of double nozzles bottom blowing was better than that of four nozzles bottom blowing.The mixing effect is the worst under the condition of single nozzle.When the bottom blowing is asymmetrical with double nozzles,the mixing time is the shortest.Under the condition of double nozzles asymmetrical bottom blowing,when the insertion angle and depth of side lance are larger and deeper,the velocity streamline of molten slag layer is denser and the value is larger;meanwhile,the reflux of molten iron layer is larger,the proportion of dead zone is smaller,and the whole molten pool is fully stirred.When the insertion depth of the side lance is deeper,the gas holdup in the molten pool is greater and the stirring of the molten pool is more intense,while the insertion angle has little effect on the gas holdup.By comparing the influence of different side blowing conditions on the slag layer,it is found that the slag layer is divided into two layers by double-layer side lance,with the critical surface of the slag layer at about 200-260 mm from the bottom,and the insertion depth of the lower side lance has a greater influence on the layering of the slag.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61575116, 61875112, 61705122, 61728502, 91736209, and 11434007)Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. IRT 17R70)+3 种基金the Program for Sanjin Scholars of Shanxi Province, Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province (No. 201701D221004)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province for International Cooperation (201803D421034)111 project (Grant No. D18001)the Fund for Shanxi “1331 Project” Key Subjects Construction.
文摘A controllable electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) is experimentally realized in a coherent rubidium ensemble with 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2 cascade configuration.In our work,a whole picture de-scribing the relation between the first-order diffraction efficiency and the power of the coupling field is experimentally presented for the first time,which agrees well with the theoretical prediction.More important,by fine tuning the experimental parameters,the first-order diffraction efficient of as high as 25% can be achieved and a clear three-order diffraction pattern is also observed.Such a controllable periodic structure can provide a powerful tool for studying the control of light dynamics,pave the way for realizing new optical device.
