The membrane method based on adaptive wettability shows great advantages in oil-water separation.At present,researches focus on the excellent application performance of the membrane material,while the quantitative ana...The membrane method based on adaptive wettability shows great advantages in oil-water separation.At present,researches focus on the excellent application performance of the membrane material,while the quantitative analysis of interactions in oil-water separation is rarely recognized.Herein,we constructed an adaptable wettability membrane with multiple polymer networks by polydopamine(PDA)and mussel-inspired amphiphilic polymer.Based on the Owens three-probe liquid method,the surface energy of the modified membrane was verified to meet the adaptive wettability conditions,with surface energies(γ-8)of 147.6 mJ m^(−2)(superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic)and 49.87 mJ m^(−2)(superhydrophobic/superoleophobic),respectively.The adhesion or repulsion of the membrane to the oil phase under different conditions during the separation process was quantified by the chemical probe AFM technique.In addition,the oil-water selective separation mechanism was further analyzed in a simplified membrane microchannel model.The results show that the different wetting produces capillary additional pressure in opposite directions,resulting in different energies to be overcome when the oil or water passes through the microchannels,thus achieving selective separation.展开更多
A compressive near-field millimeter wave(MMW)imaging algorithm is proposed.From the compressed sensing(CS)theory,the compressive near-field MMW imaging process can be considered to reconstruct an image from the under-...A compressive near-field millimeter wave(MMW)imaging algorithm is proposed.From the compressed sensing(CS)theory,the compressive near-field MMW imaging process can be considered to reconstruct an image from the under-sampled sparse data.The Gini index(GI)has been founded that it is the only sparsity measure that has all sparsity attributes that are called Robin Hood,Scaling,Rising Tide,Cloning,Bill Gates,and Babies.By combining the total variation(TV)operator,the GI-TV mixed regularization introduced compressive near-field MMW imaging model is proposed.In addition,the corresponding algorithm based on a primal-dual framework is also proposed.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GI-TV mixed regularization algorithm has superior convergence and stability performance compared with the widely used l1-TV mixed regularization algorithm.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the information age,the use of the internet and multimedia tools has large effects on the life of middle school students.Improper use of the internet may result in internet addiction(IA).Thus,actively ex...BACKGROUND In the information age,the use of the internet and multimedia tools has large effects on the life of middle school students.Improper use of the internet may result in internet addiction(IA).Thus,actively exploring the factors influencing adolescent and the mechanism of addiction as well as promoting adolescent physical and mental health and academic development are priorities that families,schools,and society urgently need to address.AIM To explore the effect of childhood trauma on adolescent IA and to consider the roles of loneliness and negative coping styles.METHODS A total of 11310 students from six junior high schools in Henan,China,completed the child trauma questionnaire,IA test,loneliness scale,and simple coping style questionnaire.In addition,data were collected from 1044 adolescents with child-hood trauma for analysis with IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 28.0;we examined the relationships among childhood trauma,IA,loneliness,and negative coping styles.RESULTS We found that childhood trauma not only directly affected adolescents’IA but also affected IA through loneliness and negative coping styles.CONCLUSION Therefore,this study has theoretical implications regarding adolescent mental health and may inform interventions for IA.展开更多
Gestational hypertension(GH)is a common complication during pregnancy.GH is regarded as a potential public health challenge for pregnant women and infants.Limited evidence has linked ambient air pollution to an increa...Gestational hypertension(GH)is a common complication during pregnancy.GH is regarded as a potential public health challenge for pregnant women and infants.Limited evidence has linked ambient air pollution to an increased GH risk.However,most of the studies were conducted in developed countries,with inconsistent results obtained.The present study was performed to explore whether exposure to particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter≤2.5(PM2.5)and ozone(O3)was related to elevated odds of GH in a Chinese population.This population-based cohort study involved 38115 pregnant women in Wuhan,China.All information was collected from the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System,using standardized quality control.The daily air pollutant data for PM2.5 and O3 were obtained from the 20 monitoring stations of the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center during 2014.The nearest monitor approach was applied to individual exposure assessment of PM2.5 and O3 for each participant.After adjusting for major confounders and other air pollutants,a 10μg/m^3 increase in PM25 and O3 concentrations was found to correlate to a 1.14-fold[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.09,1.20]and a 1.05-fold(95%CI:1.02,1.07)increase in GH risk,respectively.Additionally,stronger relationships between GH risk and PM25 and O3 exposure were observed in women who conceived in winter and summer,respectively.These findings suggest that air pollutants may contribute to the development of GH.展开更多
Oxidative stress is currently considered to be the main cause of brain aging.Astaxanthin can improve oxidative stress under multiple pathological conditions.It is therefore hypothesized that astaxanthin might have the...Oxidative stress is currently considered to be the main cause of brain aging.Astaxanthin can improve oxidative stress under multiple pathological conditions.It is therefore hypothesized that astaxanthin might have therapeutic effects on brain aging.To validate this hypothesis and investigate the underlying mechanisms,a mouse model of brain aging was established by injecting amyloid beta(Aβ)25-35(5μM,3μL/injection,six injections given every other day)into the right lateral ventricle.After 3 days of Aβ25-35 injections,the mouse models were intragastrically administered astaxanthin(0.1 mL/d,10 mg/kg)for 30 successive days.Astaxanthin greatly reduced the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze,increased the number of crossings of the target platform,and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,synaptophysin,sirtuin 1,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α.Intraperitoneal injection of the sirtuin 1 inhibitor nicotinamide(500μM/d)for 7 successive days after astaxanthin intervention inhibited these phenomena.These findings suggest that astaxanthin can regulate the expression of synaptic proteins in mouse hippocampus through the sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator 1αsignaling pathway,which leads to improvements in the learning,cognitive,and memory abilities of mice.The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee,China Medical University,China(approval No.CMU2019294)on January 15,2019.展开更多
Wearable devices become popular because they can help people observe health condition.The battery life is the critical problem for wearable devices. The non-volatile memory(NVM) attracts attention in recent years beca...Wearable devices become popular because they can help people observe health condition.The battery life is the critical problem for wearable devices. The non-volatile memory(NVM) attracts attention in recent years because of its fast reading and writing speed, high density, persistence, and especially low idle power. With its low idle power consumption,NVM can be applied in wearable devices to prolong the battery lifetime such as smart bracelet. However, NVM has higher write power consumption than dynamic random access memory(DRAM). In this paper, we assume to use hybrid random access memory(RAM)and NVM architecture for the smart bracelet system.This paper presents a data management algorithm named bracelet power-aware data management(BPADM) based on the architecture. The BPADM can estimate the power consumption according to the memory access, such as sampling rate of data, and then determine the data should be stored in NVM or DRAM in order to satisfy low power. The experimental results show BPADM can reduce power consumption effectively for bracelet in normal and sleeping modes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dental focal infection-induced ventricular and spinal canal empyema is an extremely rare,severe,acute disease that is clinically associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality.Traditional cerebrospi...BACKGROUND Dental focal infection-induced ventricular and spinal canal empyema is an extremely rare,severe,acute disease that is clinically associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality.Traditional cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)bacterial culture is time-consuming,with a low positive rate,which frequently results in severe irreversible consequences.The next-generation sequencing technique is an emerging pathogenic microorganism detection method that can obtain results in a short time with high accuracy,thus providing great assistance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.CASE SUMMARY This paper reports a rare case of dental focal infection-induced ventricular and spinal canal empyema.During the course of treatment at a local hospital,the patient had negative results from repeated CSF bacterial cultures and was empirically given vancomycin treatment.After transfer to our hospital,the nextgeneration sequencing technique was adopted to determine that the pathogenic microorganisms were multiple anaerobic infectious bacteria derived from the oral cavity.The antibiotic therapeutic scheme was adjusted in a timely manner,and the ventricular and spinal canal inflammation was also controlled.However,the antibiotics that had been applied at the local hospital were not able to cover all pathogenic microorganisms,which resulted in irreversible injury to the brain stem,finally leading to patient death.CONCLUSION Dental focal infection-induced ventricular and spinal canal empyema is an extremely rare,severe,acute disease with high morbidity and mortality.Any delay in diagnosis and treatment will result in irreversible consequences.The early application of the next-generation sequencing technique can obtain results in a short time and clarify a diagnosis.Appropriate antibiotic treatment combined with suitable surgical intervention is the key to managing this disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Penetrating brain injury(PBI) is an uncommon emergency in neurosurgery, and transorbital PBI is a rare type of PBI. Reasonable surgical planning and careful postoperative management can improve the prognosi...BACKGROUND Penetrating brain injury(PBI) is an uncommon emergency in neurosurgery, and transorbital PBI is a rare type of PBI. Reasonable surgical planning and careful postoperative management can improve the prognosis of patients CASE SUMMARY The first case is a 68-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital because a branch punctured his brain through the orbit for approximately 9 h after he unexpectedly fell while walking. After admission, the patient underwent emergency surgical treatment and postoperative anti-infection treatment. The patient was able to follow instructions at a 4-mo follow-up review. The other case is a 46-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital due to an intraorbital foreign body caused by a car accident, after which the patient was unconscious for approximately 6 h. After admission, the patient underwent emergency surgical treatment and postoperative anti-infection treatment. The patient could correctly answer questions at a 3-mo follow-up review.CONCLUSION Transorbital PBI is a rare and acute disease. Early diagnosis, surgical intervention, and application of intravenous antibiotics can improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease as one of the neurodegenerative diseases, its pathological mechanisms still remains unclear. There’s evidence that diabetes is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. However, the fundamental cause...Alzheimer’s disease as one of the neurodegenerative diseases, its pathological mechanisms still remains unclear. There’s evidence that diabetes is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. However, the fundamental cause of diabetes is abnormal glucose metabolism. There may be an inseparable relationship between glucose metabolism regulating hormones and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we review the studies that connect the glucose metabolism regulating hormones to Alzheimer’s disease, and that suggest the quality of Alzheimer’s patients is improved by regulating glucose metabolism.展开更多
Various SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses have been increasingly identified in pangolins,showing a potential threat to humans.Here we report the infectivity and pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2-related virus,PCoV-GX/P2V...Various SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses have been increasingly identified in pangolins,showing a potential threat to humans.Here we report the infectivity and pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2-related virus,PCoV-GX/P2V,which was isolated from a Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica).PCoV-GX/P2V could grow in human hepatoma,colorectal adenocarcinoma cells,and human primary nasal epithelial cells.It replicated more efficiently in cells expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(hACE2)as SARS-CoV-2 did.After intranasal inoculation to the hACE2-transgenic mice,PCoV-GX/P2V not only replicated in nasal turbinate and lungs,but also caused interstitial pneumonia,characterized by infiltration of mixed inflammatory cells and multifocal alveolar hemorrhage.Existing population immunity established by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may not protect people from PCoV-GX/P2V infection.These findings further verify the hACE2 utility of PCoV-GX/P2V by in vivo experiments using authentic viruses and highlight the importance for intensive surveillance to prevent possible cross-species transmission.展开更多
Background Prenatal bisphenol exposure has been reported to be associated with lower birth weight and obesity-related indicators in early childhood.These findings warrant an investigation of the relationship between p...Background Prenatal bisphenol exposure has been reported to be associated with lower birth weight and obesity-related indicators in early childhood.These findings warrant an investigation of the relationship between prenatal bisphenol exposure and the dynamic growth of offspring.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of maternal bisphenol concentration in urine with the body mass index(BMI)growth trajectory of children aged up to two years and to identify the critical exposure periods.Methods A total of 826 mother–offspring pairs were recruited from Wuhan Children’s Hospital between November 2013 and March 2015.Maternal urine samples collected during the first,second,and third trimesters were analyzed for bisphenol A(BPA),bisphenol S,and bisphenol F(BPF)concentrations.Measurements of length and weight were taken at 0,1,3,6,8,12,18,and 24 months.Children's BMI was standardized using the World Health Organization reference,and group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify BMI growth trajectories.The associations between prenatal bisphenol exposure and BMI growth trajectory patterns were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models.Results The BMI growth trajectories of the 826 children were categorized into four patterns:low-stable(n=134,16.2%),low-increasing(n=142,17.2%),moderate-stable(n=350,42.4%),and moderate-increasing(n=200,24.2%).After adjusting for potential confounders,we observed that prenatal exposure to BPA during the second trimester[odds ratio(OR)=2.20,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.09–4.43]and BPF during the third trimester(OR=3.28,95%CI=1.55–6.95)at the highest quartile concentration were associated with an increased likelihood of the low-increasing BMI trajectory.Furthermore,in the subgroup analysis by infant sex,the positive association between the highest quartile of prenatal average urinary BPF concentration during the whole pregnancy and the low-increasing BMI trajectory was found only in girls(OR=2.82,95%CI=1.04–7.68).Conclusion Our study findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA and BPF(a commonly used substitute for BPA)is associated with BMI growth trajectories in offspring during the first two years,increasing the likelihood of the low-increasing pattern.展开更多
Lithium-oxygen batteries tend to experience high overpotentials because of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction during cycling.A potential solution to address this issue is to develop a...Lithium-oxygen batteries tend to experience high overpotentials because of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction during cycling.A potential solution to address this issue is to develop an advanced cathode to accelerate the reaction kinetics during the electrochemical process.展开更多
In the present work,a zinc-based metal-organic framework{[Zn(ddpd)_(0.5)(bipy)_(0.5)]·H_(2)O]}_(n)(1-Zn)(where ddpd=2,5-di(2',4'-dic arboxylphenyl)-1,4-difluorobenzene,bipy=4,4-bipyridine)was synthesized ...In the present work,a zinc-based metal-organic framework{[Zn(ddpd)_(0.5)(bipy)_(0.5)]·H_(2)O]}_(n)(1-Zn)(where ddpd=2,5-di(2',4'-dic arboxylphenyl)-1,4-difluorobenzene,bipy=4,4-bipyridine)was synthesized by a solvothermal method.Complex 1-Zn features a threedimensional(2,4,6)-connected network with{4^2.6^2.8^2}_(2){4^4.6^6.8^5}{6}topology.Meanwhile,without the assistance of other reagents,complex 1-Zn not only exhibited an exceeded 95%photodegradation efficiency for rhodamine B(Rh B),methyl blue(MB)and methyl orange(MO)within 40 min,but also showed high stability and recyclability.In addition,free radical quenching experiments and electron spin resonance(ESR)spectroscopy verified that the main active species in the photodegradation process were·O_(2)^(-)and OH,and a more indepth degradation mechanism was further elucidated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.展开更多
Deep reinforcement learning(RL)has become one of the most popular topics in artificial intelligence research.It has been widely used in various fields,such as end-to-end control,robotic control,recommendation systems,...Deep reinforcement learning(RL)has become one of the most popular topics in artificial intelligence research.It has been widely used in various fields,such as end-to-end control,robotic control,recommendation systems,and natural language dialogue systems.In this survey,we systematically categorize the deep RL algorithms and applications,and provide a detailed review over existing deep RL algorithms by dividing them into modelbased methods,model-free methods,and advanced RL methods.We thoroughly analyze the advances including exploration,inverse RL,and transfer RL.Finally,we outline the current representative applications,and analyze four open problems for future research.展开更多
Messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use.Recently...Messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use.Recently,we have developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA(mRNA-LNP)encoding the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2(termed ARCoV),which confers complete protection in mouse model.Herein,we further characterized the protection efficacy of ARCoV in nonhuman primates and the Iong-term stability under normal refrigerator temperature.Intramuscular immunization of two doses of ARCoV elicited robust neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques.More importantly,ARCoV vaccination in macaques significantly protected animals from acute lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2,and viral replication in lungs and secretion in nasal swabs were completely cleared in all animals immunized with low or high doses of ARCoV.No evidenee of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection was observed throughout the study.Finally,extensive stability assays showed that ARCoV can be stored at 2-8℃ for at least 6 months without decrease of immunogenicity.All these promising results strongly support the ongoing clinical trial.展开更多
The design and fabrication of a compact and low-cost 4×25-Gb/s transmitter optical sub-assembly(TOSA) and receiver optical sub-assembly(ROSA) using a hybrid integrated technique are reported. TOSA and ROSA are de...The design and fabrication of a compact and low-cost 4×25-Gb/s transmitter optical sub-assembly(TOSA) and receiver optical sub-assembly(ROSA) using a hybrid integrated technique are reported. TOSA and ROSA are developed without thermoelectric cooler for coarse wavelength division multiplexing applications. Physical dimension of the packaged optical subassembly is limited to 11.5 mm×5.4 mm×5.4 mm. The design of TOSA and ROSA is employed using a silica-based arrayed waveguide grating chip to select the specific channel wavelength at O-band. In TOSA, the wavelength of four 1.3-μm discrete directly modulated laser chips is well controlled based on the reconstruction equivalent chirp technique. In the back-to-back transmission test, bit error rates for all lanes of cascade of the TOSA and ROSA are small. A clear opening eye diagram is obtained.展开更多
Internet-based virtual computing environment （iVCE） has been proposed to combine data centers and other kinds of computing resources on the Internet to provide efficient and economical services. Virtual machines （...Internet-based virtual computing environment （iVCE） has been proposed to combine data centers and other kinds of computing resources on the Internet to provide efficient and economical services. Virtual machines （VMs） have been widely used in iVCE to isolate different users/jobs and ensure trustworthiness, but traditionally VMs require a long period of time for booting, which cannot meet the requirement of iVCE＇s large-scale and highly dynamic applications. To address this problem, in this paper we design and implement VirtMan, a fast booting system for a large number of virtual machines in iVCE. VirtMan uses the Linux Small Computer System Interface （SCSI） target to remotely mount to the source image in a scalable hierarchy, and leverages the homogeneity of a set of VMs to transfer only necessary image data at runtime. We have implemented VirtMan both as a standalone system and for OpenStack. In our 100-server testbed, VirtMan boots up 1000 VMs （with a 15 CB image of Windows Server 2008） on 100 physical servers in less than 120 s, which is three orders of magnitude lower than current public clouds.展开更多
Graph is a significant data structure that describes the relationship between entries.Many application domains in the real world are heavily dependent on graph data.However,graph applications are vastly different from...Graph is a significant data structure that describes the relationship between entries.Many application domains in the real world are heavily dependent on graph data.However,graph applications are vastly different from traditional applications.It is inefficient to use general-purpose platforms for graph applications,thus contributing to the research of specific graph processing platforms.In this survey,we systematically categorize the graph workloads and applications,and provide a detailed review of existing graph processing platforms by dividing them into generalpurpose and specialized systems.We thoroughly analyze the implementation technologies including programming models,partitioning strategies,communication models,execution models,and fault tolerance strategies.Finally,we analyze recent advances and present four open problems for future research.展开更多
基金We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Key Research and Development Project,China(2019YFA0708700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222403,52074333)the Innovation Fund Project for graduate students of China University of Petroleum(East China)(22CX04049A).
文摘The membrane method based on adaptive wettability shows great advantages in oil-water separation.At present,researches focus on the excellent application performance of the membrane material,while the quantitative analysis of interactions in oil-water separation is rarely recognized.Herein,we constructed an adaptable wettability membrane with multiple polymer networks by polydopamine(PDA)and mussel-inspired amphiphilic polymer.Based on the Owens three-probe liquid method,the surface energy of the modified membrane was verified to meet the adaptive wettability conditions,with surface energies(γ-8)of 147.6 mJ m^(−2)(superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic)and 49.87 mJ m^(−2)(superhydrophobic/superoleophobic),respectively.The adhesion or repulsion of the membrane to the oil phase under different conditions during the separation process was quantified by the chemical probe AFM technique.In addition,the oil-water selective separation mechanism was further analyzed in a simplified membrane microchannel model.The results show that the different wetting produces capillary additional pressure in opposite directions,resulting in different energies to be overcome when the oil or water passes through the microchannels,thus achieving selective separation.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.62027803,No.61601096,No.61971111,No.61801089,and No.61701095in part by the Science and Technology Program under Grants No.8091C24,No.80904020405,No.2021JCJQJJ0949,and No.2022JCJQJJ0784in part by Industrial Technology Development Program under Grant No.2020110C041.
文摘A compressive near-field millimeter wave(MMW)imaging algorithm is proposed.From the compressed sensing(CS)theory,the compressive near-field MMW imaging process can be considered to reconstruct an image from the under-sampled sparse data.The Gini index(GI)has been founded that it is the only sparsity measure that has all sparsity attributes that are called Robin Hood,Scaling,Rising Tide,Cloning,Bill Gates,and Babies.By combining the total variation(TV)operator,the GI-TV mixed regularization introduced compressive near-field MMW imaging model is proposed.In addition,the corresponding algorithm based on a primal-dual framework is also proposed.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GI-TV mixed regularization algorithm has superior convergence and stability performance compared with the widely used l1-TV mixed regularization algorithm.
基金This study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee of Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior(20230516001).
文摘BACKGROUND In the information age,the use of the internet and multimedia tools has large effects on the life of middle school students.Improper use of the internet may result in internet addiction(IA).Thus,actively exploring the factors influencing adolescent and the mechanism of addiction as well as promoting adolescent physical and mental health and academic development are priorities that families,schools,and society urgently need to address.AIM To explore the effect of childhood trauma on adolescent IA and to consider the roles of loneliness and negative coping styles.METHODS A total of 11310 students from six junior high schools in Henan,China,completed the child trauma questionnaire,IA test,loneliness scale,and simple coping style questionnaire.In addition,data were collected from 1044 adolescents with child-hood trauma for analysis with IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 28.0;we examined the relationships among childhood trauma,IA,loneliness,and negative coping styles.RESULTS We found that childhood trauma not only directly affected adolescents’IA but also affected IA through loneliness and negative coping styles.CONCLUSION Therefore,this study has theoretical implications regarding adolescent mental health and may inform interventions for IA.
基金the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0212003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21577043)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2010CDB08803).
文摘Gestational hypertension(GH)is a common complication during pregnancy.GH is regarded as a potential public health challenge for pregnant women and infants.Limited evidence has linked ambient air pollution to an increased GH risk.However,most of the studies were conducted in developed countries,with inconsistent results obtained.The present study was performed to explore whether exposure to particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter≤2.5(PM2.5)and ozone(O3)was related to elevated odds of GH in a Chinese population.This population-based cohort study involved 38115 pregnant women in Wuhan,China.All information was collected from the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System,using standardized quality control.The daily air pollutant data for PM2.5 and O3 were obtained from the 20 monitoring stations of the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center during 2014.The nearest monitor approach was applied to individual exposure assessment of PM2.5 and O3 for each participant.After adjusting for major confounders and other air pollutants,a 10μg/m^3 increase in PM25 and O3 concentrations was found to correlate to a 1.14-fold[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.09,1.20]and a 1.05-fold(95%CI:1.02,1.07)increase in GH risk,respectively.Additionally,stronger relationships between GH risk and PM25 and O3 exposure were observed in women who conceived in winter and summer,respectively.These findings suggest that air pollutants may contribute to the development of GH.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8177051488(to HL).
文摘Oxidative stress is currently considered to be the main cause of brain aging.Astaxanthin can improve oxidative stress under multiple pathological conditions.It is therefore hypothesized that astaxanthin might have therapeutic effects on brain aging.To validate this hypothesis and investigate the underlying mechanisms,a mouse model of brain aging was established by injecting amyloid beta(Aβ)25-35(5μM,3μL/injection,six injections given every other day)into the right lateral ventricle.After 3 days of Aβ25-35 injections,the mouse models were intragastrically administered astaxanthin(0.1 mL/d,10 mg/kg)for 30 successive days.Astaxanthin greatly reduced the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze,increased the number of crossings of the target platform,and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,synaptophysin,sirtuin 1,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α.Intraperitoneal injection of the sirtuin 1 inhibitor nicotinamide(500μM/d)for 7 successive days after astaxanthin intervention inhibited these phenomena.These findings suggest that astaxanthin can regulate the expression of synaptic proteins in mouse hippocampus through the sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator 1αsignaling pathway,which leads to improvements in the learning,cognitive,and memory abilities of mice.The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee,China Medical University,China(approval No.CMU2019294)on January 15,2019.
基金supported by the Research Fund of National Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture under Grant No.CARCH201501the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing under Grant No.2016A09
文摘Wearable devices become popular because they can help people observe health condition.The battery life is the critical problem for wearable devices. The non-volatile memory(NVM) attracts attention in recent years because of its fast reading and writing speed, high density, persistence, and especially low idle power. With its low idle power consumption,NVM can be applied in wearable devices to prolong the battery lifetime such as smart bracelet. However, NVM has higher write power consumption than dynamic random access memory(DRAM). In this paper, we assume to use hybrid random access memory(RAM)and NVM architecture for the smart bracelet system.This paper presents a data management algorithm named bracelet power-aware data management(BPADM) based on the architecture. The BPADM can estimate the power consumption according to the memory access, such as sampling rate of data, and then determine the data should be stored in NVM or DRAM in order to satisfy low power. The experimental results show BPADM can reduce power consumption effectively for bracelet in normal and sleeping modes.
文摘BACKGROUND Dental focal infection-induced ventricular and spinal canal empyema is an extremely rare,severe,acute disease that is clinically associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality.Traditional cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)bacterial culture is time-consuming,with a low positive rate,which frequently results in severe irreversible consequences.The next-generation sequencing technique is an emerging pathogenic microorganism detection method that can obtain results in a short time with high accuracy,thus providing great assistance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.CASE SUMMARY This paper reports a rare case of dental focal infection-induced ventricular and spinal canal empyema.During the course of treatment at a local hospital,the patient had negative results from repeated CSF bacterial cultures and was empirically given vancomycin treatment.After transfer to our hospital,the nextgeneration sequencing technique was adopted to determine that the pathogenic microorganisms were multiple anaerobic infectious bacteria derived from the oral cavity.The antibiotic therapeutic scheme was adjusted in a timely manner,and the ventricular and spinal canal inflammation was also controlled.However,the antibiotics that had been applied at the local hospital were not able to cover all pathogenic microorganisms,which resulted in irreversible injury to the brain stem,finally leading to patient death.CONCLUSION Dental focal infection-induced ventricular and spinal canal empyema is an extremely rare,severe,acute disease with high morbidity and mortality.Any delay in diagnosis and treatment will result in irreversible consequences.The early application of the next-generation sequencing technique can obtain results in a short time and clarify a diagnosis.Appropriate antibiotic treatment combined with suitable surgical intervention is the key to managing this disease.
文摘BACKGROUND Penetrating brain injury(PBI) is an uncommon emergency in neurosurgery, and transorbital PBI is a rare type of PBI. Reasonable surgical planning and careful postoperative management can improve the prognosis of patients CASE SUMMARY The first case is a 68-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital because a branch punctured his brain through the orbit for approximately 9 h after he unexpectedly fell while walking. After admission, the patient underwent emergency surgical treatment and postoperative anti-infection treatment. The patient was able to follow instructions at a 4-mo follow-up review. The other case is a 46-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital due to an intraorbital foreign body caused by a car accident, after which the patient was unconscious for approximately 6 h. After admission, the patient underwent emergency surgical treatment and postoperative anti-infection treatment. The patient could correctly answer questions at a 3-mo follow-up review.CONCLUSION Transorbital PBI is a rare and acute disease. Early diagnosis, surgical intervention, and application of intravenous antibiotics can improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
基金Funding： National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 81530099, Grant No.81473375）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （Grant No. 2013M540066）, Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China （Grant No. 2013-134）. Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province, Program for the Innovative Talents of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease as one of the neurodegenerative diseases, its pathological mechanisms still remains unclear. There’s evidence that diabetes is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. However, the fundamental cause of diabetes is abnormal glucose metabolism. There may be an inseparable relationship between glucose metabolism regulating hormones and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we review the studies that connect the glucose metabolism regulating hormones to Alzheimer’s disease, and that suggest the quality of Alzheimer’s patients is improved by regulating glucose metabolism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81621005)。
文摘Various SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses have been increasingly identified in pangolins,showing a potential threat to humans.Here we report the infectivity and pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2-related virus,PCoV-GX/P2V,which was isolated from a Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica).PCoV-GX/P2V could grow in human hepatoma,colorectal adenocarcinoma cells,and human primary nasal epithelial cells.It replicated more efficiently in cells expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(hACE2)as SARS-CoV-2 did.After intranasal inoculation to the hACE2-transgenic mice,PCoV-GX/P2V not only replicated in nasal turbinate and lungs,but also caused interstitial pneumonia,characterized by infiltration of mixed inflammatory cells and multifocal alveolar hemorrhage.Existing population immunity established by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may not protect people from PCoV-GX/P2V infection.These findings further verify the hACE2 utility of PCoV-GX/P2V by in vivo experiments using authentic viruses and highlight the importance for intensive surveillance to prevent possible cross-species transmission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903331 and 82073660)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Environment and Health,Ministry of Education(2022GWKFJJ05).
文摘Background Prenatal bisphenol exposure has been reported to be associated with lower birth weight and obesity-related indicators in early childhood.These findings warrant an investigation of the relationship between prenatal bisphenol exposure and the dynamic growth of offspring.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of maternal bisphenol concentration in urine with the body mass index(BMI)growth trajectory of children aged up to two years and to identify the critical exposure periods.Methods A total of 826 mother–offspring pairs were recruited from Wuhan Children’s Hospital between November 2013 and March 2015.Maternal urine samples collected during the first,second,and third trimesters were analyzed for bisphenol A(BPA),bisphenol S,and bisphenol F(BPF)concentrations.Measurements of length and weight were taken at 0,1,3,6,8,12,18,and 24 months.Children's BMI was standardized using the World Health Organization reference,and group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify BMI growth trajectories.The associations between prenatal bisphenol exposure and BMI growth trajectory patterns were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models.Results The BMI growth trajectories of the 826 children were categorized into four patterns:low-stable(n=134,16.2%),low-increasing(n=142,17.2%),moderate-stable(n=350,42.4%),and moderate-increasing(n=200,24.2%).After adjusting for potential confounders,we observed that prenatal exposure to BPA during the second trimester[odds ratio(OR)=2.20,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.09–4.43]and BPF during the third trimester(OR=3.28,95%CI=1.55–6.95)at the highest quartile concentration were associated with an increased likelihood of the low-increasing BMI trajectory.Furthermore,in the subgroup analysis by infant sex,the positive association between the highest quartile of prenatal average urinary BPF concentration during the whole pregnancy and the low-increasing BMI trajectory was found only in girls(OR=2.82,95%CI=1.04–7.68).Conclusion Our study findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA and BPF(a commonly used substitute for BPA)is associated with BMI growth trajectories in offspring during the first two years,increasing the likelihood of the low-increasing pattern.
基金financially supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2021A1515111124)National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2022YFB3505104 and 2022YFB3706604)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos. ZR2022JQ19,ZR2020YQ32 and ZR2020QB122)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51971119 and 52171141)Young Scholars Program of Shandong University (No. 2019WLJH21)。
文摘Lithium-oxygen batteries tend to experience high overpotentials because of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction during cycling.A potential solution to address this issue is to develop an advanced cathode to accelerate the reaction kinetics during the electrochemical process.
基金the financial support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1904199)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Team in Universities of Henan Province(No.21IRTSTHN004)+3 种基金the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents at the University of Henan Province(No.22HASTIT007)Science Foundation for Excellent Youth of Henan Province(No.212300410064)the Young Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(No.2018GGJS119)Nanyang Normal University。
文摘In the present work,a zinc-based metal-organic framework{[Zn(ddpd)_(0.5)(bipy)_(0.5)]·H_(2)O]}_(n)(1-Zn)(where ddpd=2,5-di(2',4'-dic arboxylphenyl)-1,4-difluorobenzene,bipy=4,4-bipyridine)was synthesized by a solvothermal method.Complex 1-Zn features a threedimensional(2,4,6)-connected network with{4^2.6^2.8^2}_(2){4^4.6^6.8^5}{6}topology.Meanwhile,without the assistance of other reagents,complex 1-Zn not only exhibited an exceeded 95%photodegradation efficiency for rhodamine B(Rh B),methyl blue(MB)and methyl orange(MO)within 40 min,but also showed high stability and recyclability.In addition,free radical quenching experiments and electron spin resonance(ESR)spectroscopy verified that the main active species in the photodegradation process were·O_(2)^(-)and OH,and a more indepth degradation mechanism was further elucidated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61772541,61872376,and 61932001)。
文摘Deep reinforcement learning(RL)has become one of the most popular topics in artificial intelligence research.It has been widely used in various fields,such as end-to-end control,robotic control,recommendation systems,and natural language dialogue systems.In this survey,we systematically categorize the deep RL algorithms and applications,and provide a detailed review over existing deep RL algorithms by dividing them into modelbased methods,model-free methods,and advanced RL methods.We thoroughly analyze the advances including exploration,inverse RL,and transfer RL.Finally,we outline the current representative applications,and analyze four open problems for future research.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFC0842200,2020YFA0707801,and 2021YFC0863300)the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.82041044 and 32130005)+2 种基金Cheng-Feng Qin was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81925025)the Innovative Research Group(81621005)from the NSFCthe Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-049)from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
文摘Messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use.Recently,we have developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA(mRNA-LNP)encoding the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2(termed ARCoV),which confers complete protection in mouse model.Herein,we further characterized the protection efficacy of ARCoV in nonhuman primates and the Iong-term stability under normal refrigerator temperature.Intramuscular immunization of two doses of ARCoV elicited robust neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques.More importantly,ARCoV vaccination in macaques significantly protected animals from acute lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2,and viral replication in lungs and secretion in nasal swabs were completely cleared in all animals immunized with low or high doses of ARCoV.No evidenee of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection was observed throughout the study.Finally,extensive stability assays showed that ARCoV can be stored at 2-8℃ for at least 6 months without decrease of immunogenicity.All these promising results strongly support the ongoing clinical trial.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61635001 and 61575186)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(No.2013AA014201)
文摘The design and fabrication of a compact and low-cost 4×25-Gb/s transmitter optical sub-assembly(TOSA) and receiver optical sub-assembly(ROSA) using a hybrid integrated technique are reported. TOSA and ROSA are developed without thermoelectric cooler for coarse wavelength division multiplexing applications. Physical dimension of the packaged optical subassembly is limited to 11.5 mm×5.4 mm×5.4 mm. The design of TOSA and ROSA is employed using a silica-based arrayed waveguide grating chip to select the specific channel wavelength at O-band. In TOSA, the wavelength of four 1.3-μm discrete directly modulated laser chips is well controlled based on the reconstruction equivalent chirp technique. In the back-to-back transmission test, bit error rates for all lanes of cascade of the TOSA and ROSA are small. A clear opening eye diagram is obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61379055 and 61379053)
文摘Internet-based virtual computing environment （iVCE） has been proposed to combine data centers and other kinds of computing resources on the Internet to provide efficient and economical services. Virtual machines （VMs） have been widely used in iVCE to isolate different users/jobs and ensure trustworthiness, but traditionally VMs require a long period of time for booting, which cannot meet the requirement of iVCE＇s large-scale and highly dynamic applications. To address this problem, in this paper we design and implement VirtMan, a fast booting system for a large number of virtual machines in iVCE. VirtMan uses the Linux Small Computer System Interface （SCSI） target to remotely mount to the source image in a scalable hierarchy, and leverages the homogeneity of a set of VMs to transfer only necessary image data at runtime. We have implemented VirtMan both as a standalone system and for OpenStack. In our 100-server testbed, VirtMan boots up 1000 VMs （with a 15 CB image of Windows Server 2008） on 100 physical servers in less than 120 s, which is three orders of magnitude lower than current public clouds.
基金Project supported by the National Key Program of China(No.2018YFB2101100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61932001 and 61872376)the Major State Research Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0201305).
文摘Graph is a significant data structure that describes the relationship between entries.Many application domains in the real world are heavily dependent on graph data.However,graph applications are vastly different from traditional applications.It is inefficient to use general-purpose platforms for graph applications,thus contributing to the research of specific graph processing platforms.In this survey,we systematically categorize the graph workloads and applications,and provide a detailed review of existing graph processing platforms by dividing them into generalpurpose and specialized systems.We thoroughly analyze the implementation technologies including programming models,partitioning strategies,communication models,execution models,and fault tolerance strategies.Finally,we analyze recent advances and present four open problems for future research.
