Thermal analysis plays a key role in the online inspection of molten iron quality.Different solidification process of molten iron can be reflected by thermal analysis curves,and silicon is one of important elements af...Thermal analysis plays a key role in the online inspection of molten iron quality.Different solidification process of molten iron can be reflected by thermal analysis curves,and silicon is one of important elements affecting the solidification of molten iron.In this study,FeSi75 was added in one chamber of the dual-chamber sample cup,and the influences of FeSi75 additive on the characteristic values of thermal analysis curves and vermiculating rate were investigated.The results show that with the increase of FeSi75,the start temperature of austenite formation TALfirstly decreases and then increases,but the start temperature of eutectic growth TSEF,the lowest eutectic temperature TEU,temperature at maximum eutectic reaction rate TEM,and highest eutectic temperature TERkeep always an increase.The temperature at final solidification point TEShas little change.The FeSi75 additive has different influences on the vermiculating rate of molten iron with different vermiculation,and the vermiculating rate increases for lower vermiculation molten iron while decreases for higher one.According to the thermal analysis curves obtained by a dual-chamber sample cup with 0.30wt.%FeSi75 additive in one chamber,the vermiculating rate of molten iron can be evaluated by comparing the characteristic values of these curves.The time differenceΔtERcorresponding to the highest eutectic temperature TERhas a closer relationship with the vermiculating rate,and a parabolic regression curve between the time differenceΔtERand vermiculating rateηhas been obtained within the range of 65%to 95%,which is suitable for the qualified melt.展开更多
The effect of Cu content on the microstructures and mechanical properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, impact energy, fracture toughness) of austempering ductile iron (ADI) treated by two-step austemper...The effect of Cu content on the microstructures and mechanical properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, impact energy, fracture toughness) of austempering ductile iron (ADI) treated by two-step austempering process were investigated. High Cu content in nodular cast irons leads to a significant volume fraction of retained austenite in the iron after austempering treatment, but the carbon content of austenite decreases with the increasing of Cu content. Moreover, austenitic stability reaches its maximum when the Cu content is 1.4% and then drops rapidly with further increase of Cu. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the ADI firstly increases and then decreases with increasing the Cu content. The elongation keeps constant at 6.5% as the Cu content increases from 0.2% to 1.4%, and then increases rapidly to 10.0% with further increase Cu content to 2.0%. Impact toughness is enhanced with Cu increasing at first, and reaches a maximum 122.9 J at 1.4% Cu, then decreases with the further increase of Cu. The fracture toughness of ADI shows a constant increase with the increase of Cu content. The influencing mechanism of Cu on austempered ductile iron (ADI) can be classified into two aspects. On the one hand, Cu dissolves into the matrix and functions as solid solution strengthening. On the other hand, Cu reduces solubility of C in austenite and contributes more stable retained austenite.展开更多
Austempering ductile iron (ADI) is an attractive material due to its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. However, the deficit in elongation and toughness always threatens its security application. Two-step ...Austempering ductile iron (ADI) is an attractive material due to its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. However, the deficit in elongation and toughness always threatens its security application. Two-step austempering process is an effective way to improve elongation and toughness simultaneously. In the present work, the influence of the amount, morphology and distribution of ferrite and austenite on mechanical properties of ADI under different second-step austempering parameters has been analyzed. Results show that the amount of austenite and its carbon content decrease with increasing of second-step temperature. Carbide begins to precipitate as second-step austempering temperature reaches 380 °C. These factors together influence the mechanical properties of two-step Cu-alloyed ADI. Impact energy and fracture toughness are strongly affected by second-step austempering temperature, and are dramatically decreased with increase of second-step austempering temperature. Elongation remains constant when the second-step temperature is below 360 °C, and then it is rapidly decreased with further increase of second-step temperature. Strength is slightly influenced by second-step temperature. Ferrite morphology is not influenced by second-step austempering duration, while blocky retained austenite size is slightly decreased with the increasing of second-step austempering time. The amount of retained austenite is decreased while the carbon content of retained austenite is increased with the extending of second-step austempering time. The substructure of austenite is transformed from dislocation to twin when second-step austempering time exceeds 60 min. Strength and elongation are improved slightly with extending of second-step time. Impact energy and fracture toughness initially decrease with the extending of second-step time, and then remain constant when the time is longer than 60 min. This is a result of austenite content decreasing and carbon content of austenite increasing. The second-step austempering time mainly influences austenite content and its carbon content, which is a result of carbon diffusion behavior variation.展开更多
The microstructures,mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of a new WE43 alloy(Mg-4 Y-1.6 Nd-2 Sm-0.5 Zr)were investigated.The microstructure of the as-cast alloy includes a Mg matrix,Mg_(41)Sm_(5),Mg_(41)Nd_(5)...The microstructures,mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of a new WE43 alloy(Mg-4 Y-1.6 Nd-2 Sm-0.5 Zr)were investigated.The microstructure of the as-cast alloy includes a Mg matrix,Mg_(41)Sm_(5),Mg_(41)Nd_(5)and Mg_(24)Y_(5)eutectic phases,as well asβ-phase.After an optimal solution treatment,the eutectic phases are almost completely dissolved;only a few spots of blocky Mg-Y compounds remain at grain boundaries.After an aging treatment,a large amount ofβ’-phases are dispersed and precipitated at the grain interior,which provides good comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy,particularly in the under-aged state.The tensile strength is up to290 MPa,the yield strength reaches 209 MPa,and the elongation is slightly improved.Furthermore,the fracture behaviors of the studied alloy in different states significantly differ.In addition,a comparison of mechanical properties of the new WE43,traditional WE43 and other modified WE43 alloys is presented.展开更多
The isothermal compression tests of Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy were conducted on the thermal mechanical simulator Gleeble-1500 D at the deformation temperature range of 300-450 ℃,the strain rate range of 0.01-10.00 s^(...The isothermal compression tests of Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy were conducted on the thermal mechanical simulator Gleeble-1500 D at the deformation temperature range of 300-450 ℃,the strain rate range of 0.01-10.00 s^(-1),and the engineering strain of 50 %.The effects of deformation temperatures and strain rates on the flow stress were analyzed by the true stress-true strain curves.The result indicates that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate,while it decreases with the increase of temperature.The hot deformation activation energy of Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy is calculated to be250.9 kJ·mol^(-1),and the constitutive equation is established as ε= 1.97×10^(19)[sinh(0.015σ)]^(11.14)exp(-250.9/RT),and the validity of this constitutive equation is verified.Based on dynamic material model(DMM) criterion,the hot processing map of Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy is obtained.The optimum hot extrusion conditions are determined as deformation temperature of 400 ℃ and strain rate of1.00 s^(-1),and the flow instability only appears at the temperature range of 300-340 ℃ at the base of the hot processing map.展开更多
基金the financial support of the State Key Laboratory of Engine Reliability(skler-202105)。
文摘Thermal analysis plays a key role in the online inspection of molten iron quality.Different solidification process of molten iron can be reflected by thermal analysis curves,and silicon is one of important elements affecting the solidification of molten iron.In this study,FeSi75 was added in one chamber of the dual-chamber sample cup,and the influences of FeSi75 additive on the characteristic values of thermal analysis curves and vermiculating rate were investigated.The results show that with the increase of FeSi75,the start temperature of austenite formation TALfirstly decreases and then increases,but the start temperature of eutectic growth TSEF,the lowest eutectic temperature TEU,temperature at maximum eutectic reaction rate TEM,and highest eutectic temperature TERkeep always an increase.The temperature at final solidification point TEShas little change.The FeSi75 additive has different influences on the vermiculating rate of molten iron with different vermiculation,and the vermiculating rate increases for lower vermiculation molten iron while decreases for higher one.According to the thermal analysis curves obtained by a dual-chamber sample cup with 0.30wt.%FeSi75 additive in one chamber,the vermiculating rate of molten iron can be evaluated by comparing the characteristic values of these curves.The time differenceΔtERcorresponding to the highest eutectic temperature TERhas a closer relationship with the vermiculating rate,and a parabolic regression curve between the time differenceΔtERand vermiculating rateηhas been obtained within the range of 65%to 95%,which is suitable for the qualified melt.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51374086 and 51674094)
文摘The effect of Cu content on the microstructures and mechanical properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, impact energy, fracture toughness) of austempering ductile iron (ADI) treated by two-step austempering process were investigated. High Cu content in nodular cast irons leads to a significant volume fraction of retained austenite in the iron after austempering treatment, but the carbon content of austenite decreases with the increasing of Cu content. Moreover, austenitic stability reaches its maximum when the Cu content is 1.4% and then drops rapidly with further increase of Cu. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the ADI firstly increases and then decreases with increasing the Cu content. The elongation keeps constant at 6.5% as the Cu content increases from 0.2% to 1.4%, and then increases rapidly to 10.0% with further increase Cu content to 2.0%. Impact toughness is enhanced with Cu increasing at first, and reaches a maximum 122.9 J at 1.4% Cu, then decreases with the further increase of Cu. The fracture toughness of ADI shows a constant increase with the increase of Cu content. The influencing mechanism of Cu on austempered ductile iron (ADI) can be classified into two aspects. On the one hand, Cu dissolves into the matrix and functions as solid solution strengthening. On the other hand, Cu reduces solubility of C in austenite and contributes more stable retained austenite.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.(Grant Nos.51374086 and 51674094)
文摘Austempering ductile iron (ADI) is an attractive material due to its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. However, the deficit in elongation and toughness always threatens its security application. Two-step austempering process is an effective way to improve elongation and toughness simultaneously. In the present work, the influence of the amount, morphology and distribution of ferrite and austenite on mechanical properties of ADI under different second-step austempering parameters has been analyzed. Results show that the amount of austenite and its carbon content decrease with increasing of second-step temperature. Carbide begins to precipitate as second-step austempering temperature reaches 380 °C. These factors together influence the mechanical properties of two-step Cu-alloyed ADI. Impact energy and fracture toughness are strongly affected by second-step austempering temperature, and are dramatically decreased with increase of second-step austempering temperature. Elongation remains constant when the second-step temperature is below 360 °C, and then it is rapidly decreased with further increase of second-step temperature. Strength is slightly influenced by second-step temperature. Ferrite morphology is not influenced by second-step austempering duration, while blocky retained austenite size is slightly decreased with the increasing of second-step austempering time. The amount of retained austenite is decreased while the carbon content of retained austenite is increased with the extending of second-step austempering time. The substructure of austenite is transformed from dislocation to twin when second-step austempering time exceeds 60 min. Strength and elongation are improved slightly with extending of second-step time. Impact energy and fracture toughness initially decrease with the extending of second-step time, and then remain constant when the time is longer than 60 min. This is a result of austenite content decreasing and carbon content of austenite increasing. The second-step austempering time mainly influences austenite content and its carbon content, which is a result of carbon diffusion behavior variation.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.E2018045)。
文摘The microstructures,mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of a new WE43 alloy(Mg-4 Y-1.6 Nd-2 Sm-0.5 Zr)were investigated.The microstructure of the as-cast alloy includes a Mg matrix,Mg_(41)Sm_(5),Mg_(41)Nd_(5)and Mg_(24)Y_(5)eutectic phases,as well asβ-phase.After an optimal solution treatment,the eutectic phases are almost completely dissolved;only a few spots of blocky Mg-Y compounds remain at grain boundaries.After an aging treatment,a large amount ofβ’-phases are dispersed and precipitated at the grain interior,which provides good comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy,particularly in the under-aged state.The tensile strength is up to290 MPa,the yield strength reaches 209 MPa,and the elongation is slightly improved.Furthermore,the fracture behaviors of the studied alloy in different states significantly differ.In addition,a comparison of mechanical properties of the new WE43,traditional WE43 and other modified WE43 alloys is presented.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.E201107)
文摘The isothermal compression tests of Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy were conducted on the thermal mechanical simulator Gleeble-1500 D at the deformation temperature range of 300-450 ℃,the strain rate range of 0.01-10.00 s^(-1),and the engineering strain of 50 %.The effects of deformation temperatures and strain rates on the flow stress were analyzed by the true stress-true strain curves.The result indicates that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate,while it decreases with the increase of temperature.The hot deformation activation energy of Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy is calculated to be250.9 kJ·mol^(-1),and the constitutive equation is established as ε= 1.97×10^(19)[sinh(0.015σ)]^(11.14)exp(-250.9/RT),and the validity of this constitutive equation is verified.Based on dynamic material model(DMM) criterion,the hot processing map of Al-5 Ti-1 B master alloy is obtained.The optimum hot extrusion conditions are determined as deformation temperature of 400 ℃ and strain rate of1.00 s^(-1),and the flow instability only appears at the temperature range of 300-340 ℃ at the base of the hot processing map.
