A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled...A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled spatial distribution is typically achieved by embedding sophisticated microstructures to act as a boundary.However,these physical barriers inevitably expose cells/tissues to a less physiologically relevant microenvironment than in vivo conditions.Herein,we present a novel dissolvable temporary barrier(DTB)strategy that allows robust and flexible hydrogel patterning with great freedom of design and desirable flow stimuli for cellular hydrogels.The key aspect of this approach is the patterning of a water-soluble rigid barrier as a guiding path for the hydrogel using stencil printing technology,followed by a barrier-free medium perfusion after the dissolution of the DTB.Single and multiple tissue compartments with different geometries can be established using either straight or curved DTB structures.The effectiveness of this strategy is further validated by generating a 3D vascular network through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using a vascularized microtumor model.As a new proof-of-concept in vasculature-on-a-chip,DTB enables seamless contact between the hydrogel and the culture medium in closed microdevices,which is an improved protocol for the fabrication ofmultiorgan chips.Therefore,we expect it to serve as a promising paradigm for organ-on-a-chip devices for the development of tumor vascularization and drug evaluation in the future preclinical studies.展开更多
The boundary element method(BEM)is a popular method for solving acoustic wave propagation problems,especially those in exterior domains,owing to its ease in handling radiation conditions at infinity.However,BEM models...The boundary element method(BEM)is a popular method for solving acoustic wave propagation problems,especially those in exterior domains,owing to its ease in handling radiation conditions at infinity.However,BEM models must meet the requirement of 6–10 elements per wavelength,using the conventional constant,linear,or quadratic elements.Therefore,a large storage size of memory and long solution time are often needed in solving higher-frequency problems.In this work,we propose two new types of enriched elements based on conventional constant boundary elements to improve the computational efficiency of the 2D acoustic BEM.The first one uses a plane wave expansion,which can be used to model scattering problems.The second one uses a special plane wave expansion,which can be used tomodel radiation problems.Five examples are investigated to showthe advantages of the enriched elements.Compared with the conventional constant elements,the new enriched elements can deliver results with the same accuracy and in less computational time.This improvement in the computational efficiency is more evident at higher frequencies(with the nondimensional wave numbers exceeding 100).The paper concludes with the potential of our proposed enriched elements and plans for their further improvement.展开更多
In this study,the broadband ground motions of the 2021 M7.4 Maduo earthquake were simulated to overcome the scarcity of ground motion recordings and the low resolution of macroseismic intensity map in sparsely populat...In this study,the broadband ground motions of the 2021 M7.4 Maduo earthquake were simulated to overcome the scarcity of ground motion recordings and the low resolution of macroseismic intensity map in sparsely populated high-altitude regions.The simulation was conducted with a hybrid methodology,combining a stochastic high-frequency simulation with a low-frequency ground motion simulation,from the regional 1-D velocity structure model and the Wang WM et al.(2022)source rupture model,respectively.We found that the three-component waveforms simulated for specific stations matched the waveforms recorded at those stations,in terms of amplitude,duration,and frequency content.The validation results demonstrate the ability of the hybrid simulation method to reproduce the main characteristics of the observed ground motions for the 2021 Maduo earthquake over a broad frequency range.Our simulations suggest that the official map of macroseismic intensity tends to overestimate shaking by one intensity unit.Comparisons of simulations with empirical ground motion models indicate generally good consistency between the simulated and empirically predicted intensity measures.The high-frequency components of ground motions were found to be more prominent,while the low-frequency components were not,which is unexpected for large earthquakes.Our simulations provide valuable insight into the effects of source complexity on the level and variability of the resulting ground motions.The acceleration and velocity time histories and corresponding response spectra were provided for selected representative sites where no records were available.The simulated results have important implications for evaluating the performance of engineering structures in the epicentral regions of this earthquake and for estimating seismic hazards in the Tibetan regions where no strong ground motion records are available for large earthquakes.展开更多
Hierarchical ZnO@metal-organic framework @polyaniline(ZnO@MOF@PANI) core-shell nanorod arrays on carbon cloth has been fabricated by combining electrodeposition and hydrothermal method. Well-ordered Zn O nanorods not ...Hierarchical ZnO@metal-organic framework @polyaniline(ZnO@MOF@PANI) core-shell nanorod arrays on carbon cloth has been fabricated by combining electrodeposition and hydrothermal method. Well-ordered Zn O nanorods not only act as a scaffold for growth of MOF/PANI shell but also as Zn source for the formation of MOF. The morphology of ZnO@MOF@PANI composite is greatly influenced by the number of PANI electrodeposition cycles. Their structural and electrochemical properties were characterized with different techniques. The results indicate that the Zn O@MOF@PANI with 13 CV cycles of PANI deposition demonstrates the maximum specific capacitance of 340.7 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1, good rate capability with84.3% capacitance retention from 1.0 to 10 A g-1 and excellent cycling life of 82.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at high current density of 2.0 A g-1. This optimized core-shell nanoarchitecture endows the composite electrode with short ion diffusion pathway, rapid ion/electron transfer and high utilization of active materials, which thus result in excellent electrochemical performance of the ternary composite.展开更多
Objective Hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HC)is invariably fatal without surgical resection.The primary aim of the current study was to determine the safety of variable surgical resections for patient with HC and their survi...Objective Hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HC)is invariably fatal without surgical resection.The primary aim of the current study was to determine the safety of variable surgical resections for patient with HC and their survival after surgical resection.In addition,prognostic factor for the overall survival was also evaluated.Methods The study included 59 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with HC and underwent surgical resections with curative intend between February 2009 and February 2017.Patients were followed up at 3-6 months intervals after hospital discharge.Postoperative complications and overall survival were determined.Associations of clinicopathologic and surgeon-related factors with overall survival were evaluated through univariate analysis and Cox regression analysis.Results Of patients with Bismuth and Corlette(B&C)type HI(n=19)and IV(n=25)HC lesions,33(55.9%)were treated with hilar resection combined with major liver resection(MLR),while the other 11 patients with type HI and IV,and those with type I(n=8)and II(n=7)HC lesions were treated with hilar resection.The overall surgical mortality was 5.1%and surgical morbidity was 35.6%.There was no statistical difference in the mortality between MLR group and hilar resection group(6.1%vs.3.8%;X2=0.703,P=0.145).The median follow-up period was 18 months(range,1-94 months).The 1-,3-,5-year survival rate was 59.3%,36.5%,and 17.7%,respectively.The overall survival after resections was 18 months.In HC patients with B&C type III and IV lesions,the median survival was 23 months for hilar resection with MLR and 8 months for hilar resection alone;the 1-,3-,5-year cumulative survival rate was 63.9%,23.3%,and 15.5%,respectively for hilar resection with MLR,and 11.1%,0,and 0,respectively for hilar resection alone,with significant diflerene observed(HR,9.902;95%CI,2.636-19.571,P=0.001).Four factors were independently associated with overall survival:preoperative serum Cal9-9(HR,7.039;95%CI,2.803-17.678,P<0.001),histopathologic grade(HR,4.964;95%CI,1.046-23.552,?=0.044),surgical margins(P=0.031),andAJCC staging(P=0.015).Conclusions R0 resection is efficacious in surgical treatment of HC.MLR in combination with caudate lobe resection may increase the chance of R0 resection and improve survival of HC patients with B&C type IK and IV lesions.Preoperatively prepared for biliary drainage may ensure the safety of MLR in most HC patients.Novel adjuvant therapies are needed to improve the survival of HC patients with poor prognostic factors.展开更多
Planar semiconductor InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche diodes with high responsivity and low dark count rate are preferred single photon detectors in near-infrared communication.However,even with well-designed struct...Planar semiconductor InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche diodes with high responsivity and low dark count rate are preferred single photon detectors in near-infrared communication.However,even with well-designed structures and well-con-trolled operational conditions,the performance of InGaAs/InP SPADs is limited by the inherent characteristics of avalanche pro-cess and the growth quality of InGaAs/InP materials.It is difficult to ensure high detection efficiency while the dark count rate is controlled within a certain range at present.In this paper,we fabricated a device with a thick InGaAs absorption region and an anti-reflection layer.The quantum efficiency of this device reaches 83.2%.We characterized the single-photon performance of the device by a quenching circuit consisting of parallel-balanced InGaAs/InP single photon detectors and single-period sinus-oidal pulse gating.The spike pulse caused by the capacitance effect of the device is eliminated by using the characteristics of parallel balanced common mode signal elimination,and the detection of small avalanche pulse amplitude signal is realized.The maximum detection efficiency is 55.4%with a dark count rate of 43.8 kHz and a noise equivalent power of 6.96×10^(−17 )W/Hz^(1/2) at 247 K.Compared with other reported detectors,this SPAD exhibits higher SPDE and lower noise-equivalent power at a higher cooling temperature.展开更多
The aim of this study is to present a novel semi-automatic coconut tree climbing device and validate its strength based on actual working conditions. Firstly, the structural composition and operational principal of th...The aim of this study is to present a novel semi-automatic coconut tree climbing device and validate its strength based on actual working conditions. Firstly, the structural composition and operational principal of this device is introduced. After that, the finite element model of this device is established with CATIA. Finally, the strength analysis is executed by means of CATIA. In this study, the equivalent stress, principal stress, and displacement contours are obtained. The simulation results show that the maximum stress of this device is below 355 MPa, which is the value of the yield strength. Therefore, this device is capable of satisfying practical application requirements.展开更多
Exploring remarkable oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts for regenerative fuel cells and metal-air batteries is highly essential.Herein,a novel non-noble metal-based heterogeneous electrocatalyst with rich ...Exploring remarkable oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts for regenerative fuel cells and metal-air batteries is highly essential.Herein,a novel non-noble metal-based heterogeneous electrocatalyst with rich defects were successfully synthesized by liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation(LLIP)of fullerene(C_(60))and ferrotetraphenylporphyrin(FeTPP)followed by one step pyrolysis.The obtained product annealed at 700℃(C_(60)/FeTPP-700),when employed as ORR electrocatalyst,revealed a positive halfwave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.877 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was superior to that of the commercial 25%Pt/C.Delightfully,the assembled Zn-air battery(ZAB)using C_(60)/FeTPP-700 as an air-electrode catalyst exhibited a high power density of 153 m W/cm^(2),specific capacity of 668 mAh/g and long-term cycling stability for more than 250 h.Experimental results proved that the excellent electrocatalytic ORR activity of C_(60)/FeTPP-700 would attribute to the synergistic effect between FeN_xsites,Fe_(3)C/Fe nanoparticles and the structure defects.This work provides a feasible and simple method to prepare nonnoble metal-based ORR electrocatalysts for the application of energy storage and conversion.展开更多
The laterodorsal tegmentum(LDT) is a brain structure involved in distinct behaviors including arousal,reward, and innate fear. How environmental stimuli and top-down control from high-order sensory and limbic cortical...The laterodorsal tegmentum(LDT) is a brain structure involved in distinct behaviors including arousal,reward, and innate fear. How environmental stimuli and top-down control from high-order sensory and limbic cortical areas converge and coordinate in this region to modulate diverse behavioral outputs remains unclear.Using a modified rabies virus, we applied monosynaptic retrograde tracing to the whole brain to examine the LDT cell type specific upstream nuclei. The LDT received very strong midbrain and hindbrain afferents and moderate cortical and hypothalamic innervation but weak connections to the thalamus. The main projection neurons from cortical areas were restricted to the limbic lobe, including the ventral orbital cortex(VO), prelimbic, and cingulate cortices. Although different cell populations received qualitatively similar inputs, primarily via afferents from the periaqueductal gray area, superior colliculus, and the LDT itself, parvalbumin-positive(PV?) GABAergic cells received preferential projections from local LDT neurons.With regard to the different subtypes of GABAergic cells, aconsiderable number of nuclei, including those of the ventral tegmental area, central amygdaloid nucleus, and VO, made significantly greater inputs to somatostatinpositive cells than to PV?cells. Diverse inputs to the LDT on a system-wide level were revealed.展开更多
Activating transcription factors, ATFs, are a group of bZIP transcription factors that act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors. In general, ATFs respond to extracellular signals, indicatin...Activating transcription factors, ATFs, are a group of bZIP transcription factors that act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors. In general, ATFs respond to extracellular signals, indicating their important roles in maintaining homeostasis. The ATF family includes ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7. Consistent with the diversity of cellular processes reported to be regulated by ATFs, the functions of ATFs are also diverse. ATFs play an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and inflammation-related pathological processes. The expression and phosphorylation status of ATFs are also related to neurodegenerative diseases and polycystic kidney disease. Various miRNAs target ATFs to regulate cancer proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, ATFs are necessary to maintain cell redox homeostasis. Therefore, deepening our understanding of the regulation and function of ATFs will provide insights into the basic regulatory mechanisms that influence how cells integrate extracellular and intracellular signals into genomic responses through transcription factors. Under pathological conditions, especially in cancer biology and response to treatment, the characterization of ATF dysfunction is important for understanding how to therapeutically utilize ATF2 or other pathways controlled by transcription factors. In this review, we will demonstrate how ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7 function in promoting or suppressing cancer development and identify their roles in tumour immunotherapy.展开更多
快速多极方法是在20世纪发展的最重要的一个边界元计算算法。随着快速多极方法的发展，边界元法（BEM，Boundary Element Method）已成为大规模问题建模的一种强有力的方法。以百万计未知数的边界元法模型现在可以在台式电脑上使用快速...快速多极方法是在20世纪发展的最重要的一个边界元计算算法。随着快速多极方法的发展，边界元法（BEM，Boundary Element Method）已成为大规模问题建模的一种强有力的方法。以百万计未知数的边界元法模型现在可以在台式电脑上使用快速多极边界元法解决。是第一部关于快速多极边界元法的专著，书中汇集了古典边界元法理论公式和快速多极方法的最新发展，包括二维和三维势流，展开更多
Comprehensive Summary The cholinesterases are essential targets implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD).We have identified tryptophan-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as selective micro-nanomol...Comprehensive Summary The cholinesterases are essential targets implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD).We have identified tryptophan-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as selective micro-nanomolar butyrylcholinesterase(BChE)inhibitors.Molecular docking was applied for the rational design and binding mode analysis.They were defined according to their target inhibitory activity,low cytotoxicity,predicted permeability through the blood-brain barrier(BBB),and in vivo cognitive improvement.Additionally,the preferred compound showed ability to decrease self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation and Aβ1-42 induced SH-SY5Y cell injury.Altogether,these factors indicated their potential as unique lead compounds for AD treatment.展开更多
The optical limiting performances of few-layer transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanosheets in the VB group(VS_(2),VSe_(2),NbS_(2),NbSe_(2),TaS_(2),and TaSe_(2)) were systematically investigated for the first ...The optical limiting performances of few-layer transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanosheets in the VB group(VS_(2),VSe_(2),NbS_(2),NbSe_(2),TaS_(2),and TaSe_(2)) were systematically investigated for the first time,to the best of our knowledge.It was found that these TMDs nanosheets showed a normalized transmittance in the range of 20%–40%at the input energy of 1.28 GW/cm^(2).Ultralow initial threshold F_(S)(0.05–0.10 J/cm^(2)) and optical limiting threshold F_(OL)(0.82–2.23 J/cm^(2)) were achieved in the TMDs nanosheets,which surpassed most of the optical limiting materials.This work showed the potential of TMDs beyond MoS_(2)in optical limiting field.展开更多
We theoretically study the broadband near-field optical spectrum of twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)at various twist angles near the magic angle using two different models.The spectrum at low Fermi energy is characterize...We theoretically study the broadband near-field optical spectrum of twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)at various twist angles near the magic angle using two different models.The spectrum at low Fermi energy is characterized by a series of peaks that are almost at the same energies as the peaks in the far-field optical conductivity of TBG.When the Fermi energy is near a van Hove singularity,an additional strong peak appears at finite energy in the near-field spectrum,which has no counterpart in the optical conductivity.Based on a detailed calculation of the plasmon dispersion,we show that these spectroscopic features are associated with interband and intraband plasmons,which can provide critical information about the local band structure and plasmonic excitations in TBG.The near-field peaks evolve systematically with the twist angle,so they can serve as fingerprints for identifying the spatial dependent twist angle in TBG samples.Our findings pave the way for future experimental studies of the novel optical properties of TBG in the nanoscale.展开更多
Railway power system is an inseparable part of the power system,therefore,the intelligent architecture of the railway power system should also be focused on.The unique power supply characteristics of the railway power...Railway power system is an inseparable part of the power system,therefore,the intelligent architecture of the railway power system should also be focused on.The unique power supply characteristics of the railway power system are analyzed and integrated railway smart grid architecture based on energy routers is proposed.Importantly,three corresponding resilient mode control methods are suggested for the proposed architecture.In the fourth section,a simulation model corresponding to the resilient control mode is built and the simulation results prove the feasibility of the proposed control mode.Equally,for the novel network-connected backbone router(NCBR),a 1000 kVA,27.5/10 kV NCBR engineering prototype is used to prove its effectiveness in practical applications.Finally,a differentiation analysis is given,followed by conclusions regarding the traditional power system and proposed system.展开更多
The comprehensive transportation system is the intensive development stage of the transportation industry,which has gradually become the mainstream transportation mode in the world by giving full play to the advantage...The comprehensive transportation system is the intensive development stage of the transportation industry,which has gradually become the mainstream transportation mode in the world by giving full play to the advantages of different modes of transportation,promoting the effective use of resources,saving energy and reducing environmental pollution.Since the beginning of reform and opening up,China has achieved a steady improvement in the quality of transportation and a rapid growth in quantity,and has made remarkable achievements in stimulating economic growth and improving people’s well-being.During the14th Five-Year Plan period,China’s comprehensive transportation development will continue to take into account the basic needs and diversified needs,promote the diversified and high-quality development of transportation services,gradually realize the enjoyment of people’s travels and the smooth flow of goods,and continuously meet the growing needs of the people for a better life.We must follow the general idea of“forcing market entities to take the initiative to compete,guiding the development of emerging industries,cultivating the core carrier that drives the integrated development of transportation services,improving regional transportation coordination capabilities,and comprehensively using cutting-edge technologies”,constantly innovating and making breakthroughs in infrastructure,technological innovation,institutional mechanisms,investment and financing policies,and promoting the innovative development and overall leap of China’s comprehensive transportation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31972929 and 62231025)the Research Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Nos.21140901300 and 20DZ2220400)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0767)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Nos.YG2021ZD22 and YG2023LC04)the Foundation of National Center for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)SHU Branch(No.SUITM-2023008)the Cross-disciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.JYJC202108).
文摘A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled spatial distribution is typically achieved by embedding sophisticated microstructures to act as a boundary.However,these physical barriers inevitably expose cells/tissues to a less physiologically relevant microenvironment than in vivo conditions.Herein,we present a novel dissolvable temporary barrier(DTB)strategy that allows robust and flexible hydrogel patterning with great freedom of design and desirable flow stimuli for cellular hydrogels.The key aspect of this approach is the patterning of a water-soluble rigid barrier as a guiding path for the hydrogel using stencil printing technology,followed by a barrier-free medium perfusion after the dissolution of the DTB.Single and multiple tissue compartments with different geometries can be established using either straight or curved DTB structures.The effectiveness of this strategy is further validated by generating a 3D vascular network through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using a vascularized microtumor model.As a new proof-of-concept in vasculature-on-a-chip,DTB enables seamless contact between the hydrogel and the culture medium in closed microdevices,which is an improved protocol for the fabrication ofmultiorgan chips.Therefore,we expect it to serve as a promising paradigm for organ-on-a-chip devices for the development of tumor vascularization and drug evaluation in the future preclinical studies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/,Project No.11972179)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(http://gdstc.gd.gov.cn/,No.2020A1515010685)the Department of Education of Guangdong Province(http://edu.gd.gov.cn/,No.2020ZDZX2008).
文摘The boundary element method(BEM)is a popular method for solving acoustic wave propagation problems,especially those in exterior domains,owing to its ease in handling radiation conditions at infinity.However,BEM models must meet the requirement of 6–10 elements per wavelength,using the conventional constant,linear,or quadratic elements.Therefore,a large storage size of memory and long solution time are often needed in solving higher-frequency problems.In this work,we propose two new types of enriched elements based on conventional constant boundary elements to improve the computational efficiency of the 2D acoustic BEM.The first one uses a plane wave expansion,which can be used to model scattering problems.The second one uses a special plane wave expansion,which can be used tomodel radiation problems.Five examples are investigated to showthe advantages of the enriched elements.Compared with the conventional constant elements,the new enriched elements can deliver results with the same accuracy and in less computational time.This improvement in the computational efficiency is more evident at higher frequencies(with the nondimensional wave numbers exceeding 100).The paper concludes with the potential of our proposed enriched elements and plans for their further improvement.
基金Financial support for this study was provided by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2020YFA0710603)the Special Fund of the Institute Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration(No.DQJB22B27).
文摘In this study,the broadband ground motions of the 2021 M7.4 Maduo earthquake were simulated to overcome the scarcity of ground motion recordings and the low resolution of macroseismic intensity map in sparsely populated high-altitude regions.The simulation was conducted with a hybrid methodology,combining a stochastic high-frequency simulation with a low-frequency ground motion simulation,from the regional 1-D velocity structure model and the Wang WM et al.(2022)source rupture model,respectively.We found that the three-component waveforms simulated for specific stations matched the waveforms recorded at those stations,in terms of amplitude,duration,and frequency content.The validation results demonstrate the ability of the hybrid simulation method to reproduce the main characteristics of the observed ground motions for the 2021 Maduo earthquake over a broad frequency range.Our simulations suggest that the official map of macroseismic intensity tends to overestimate shaking by one intensity unit.Comparisons of simulations with empirical ground motion models indicate generally good consistency between the simulated and empirically predicted intensity measures.The high-frequency components of ground motions were found to be more prominent,while the low-frequency components were not,which is unexpected for large earthquakes.Our simulations provide valuable insight into the effects of source complexity on the level and variability of the resulting ground motions.The acceleration and velocity time histories and corresponding response spectra were provided for selected representative sites where no records were available.The simulated results have important implications for evaluating the performance of engineering structures in the epicentral regions of this earthquake and for estimating seismic hazards in the Tibetan regions where no strong ground motion records are available for large earthquakes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFE0131200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702098)+1 种基金International Cooperation Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee(15520721100,18520744400)Research Program supported by the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic(LTACH17015)
文摘Hierarchical ZnO@metal-organic framework @polyaniline(ZnO@MOF@PANI) core-shell nanorod arrays on carbon cloth has been fabricated by combining electrodeposition and hydrothermal method. Well-ordered Zn O nanorods not only act as a scaffold for growth of MOF/PANI shell but also as Zn source for the formation of MOF. The morphology of ZnO@MOF@PANI composite is greatly influenced by the number of PANI electrodeposition cycles. Their structural and electrochemical properties were characterized with different techniques. The results indicate that the Zn O@MOF@PANI with 13 CV cycles of PANI deposition demonstrates the maximum specific capacitance of 340.7 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1, good rate capability with84.3% capacitance retention from 1.0 to 10 A g-1 and excellent cycling life of 82.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at high current density of 2.0 A g-1. This optimized core-shell nanoarchitecture endows the composite electrode with short ion diffusion pathway, rapid ion/electron transfer and high utilization of active materials, which thus result in excellent electrochemical performance of the ternary composite.
文摘Objective Hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HC)is invariably fatal without surgical resection.The primary aim of the current study was to determine the safety of variable surgical resections for patient with HC and their survival after surgical resection.In addition,prognostic factor for the overall survival was also evaluated.Methods The study included 59 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with HC and underwent surgical resections with curative intend between February 2009 and February 2017.Patients were followed up at 3-6 months intervals after hospital discharge.Postoperative complications and overall survival were determined.Associations of clinicopathologic and surgeon-related factors with overall survival were evaluated through univariate analysis and Cox regression analysis.Results Of patients with Bismuth and Corlette(B&C)type HI(n=19)and IV(n=25)HC lesions,33(55.9%)were treated with hilar resection combined with major liver resection(MLR),while the other 11 patients with type HI and IV,and those with type I(n=8)and II(n=7)HC lesions were treated with hilar resection.The overall surgical mortality was 5.1%and surgical morbidity was 35.6%.There was no statistical difference in the mortality between MLR group and hilar resection group(6.1%vs.3.8%;X2=0.703,P=0.145).The median follow-up period was 18 months(range,1-94 months).The 1-,3-,5-year survival rate was 59.3%,36.5%,and 17.7%,respectively.The overall survival after resections was 18 months.In HC patients with B&C type III and IV lesions,the median survival was 23 months for hilar resection with MLR and 8 months for hilar resection alone;the 1-,3-,5-year cumulative survival rate was 63.9%,23.3%,and 15.5%,respectively for hilar resection with MLR,and 11.1%,0,and 0,respectively for hilar resection alone,with significant diflerene observed(HR,9.902;95%CI,2.636-19.571,P=0.001).Four factors were independently associated with overall survival:preoperative serum Cal9-9(HR,7.039;95%CI,2.803-17.678,P<0.001),histopathologic grade(HR,4.964;95%CI,1.046-23.552,?=0.044),surgical margins(P=0.031),andAJCC staging(P=0.015).Conclusions R0 resection is efficacious in surgical treatment of HC.MLR in combination with caudate lobe resection may increase the chance of R0 resection and improve survival of HC patients with B&C type IK and IV lesions.Preoperatively prepared for biliary drainage may ensure the safety of MLR in most HC patients.Novel adjuvant therapies are needed to improve the survival of HC patients with poor prognostic factors.
基金jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFB22-05202)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61774152)
文摘Planar semiconductor InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche diodes with high responsivity and low dark count rate are preferred single photon detectors in near-infrared communication.However,even with well-designed structures and well-con-trolled operational conditions,the performance of InGaAs/InP SPADs is limited by the inherent characteristics of avalanche pro-cess and the growth quality of InGaAs/InP materials.It is difficult to ensure high detection efficiency while the dark count rate is controlled within a certain range at present.In this paper,we fabricated a device with a thick InGaAs absorption region and an anti-reflection layer.The quantum efficiency of this device reaches 83.2%.We characterized the single-photon performance of the device by a quenching circuit consisting of parallel-balanced InGaAs/InP single photon detectors and single-period sinus-oidal pulse gating.The spike pulse caused by the capacitance effect of the device is eliminated by using the characteristics of parallel balanced common mode signal elimination,and the detection of small avalanche pulse amplitude signal is realized.The maximum detection efficiency is 55.4%with a dark count rate of 43.8 kHz and a noise equivalent power of 6.96×10^(−17 )W/Hz^(1/2) at 247 K.Compared with other reported detectors,this SPAD exhibits higher SPDE and lower noise-equivalent power at a higher cooling temperature.
文摘The aim of this study is to present a novel semi-automatic coconut tree climbing device and validate its strength based on actual working conditions. Firstly, the structural composition and operational principal of this device is introduced. After that, the finite element model of this device is established with CATIA. Finally, the strength analysis is executed by means of CATIA. In this study, the equivalent stress, principal stress, and displacement contours are obtained. The simulation results show that the maximum stress of this device is below 355 MPa, which is the value of the yield strength. Therefore, this device is capable of satisfying practical application requirements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073166,52072226)the Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2020KW-038,2020GHJD-04)+2 种基金Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(No.20JY001)Science and Technology Resource Sharing Platform of Shaanxi Province(No.2020PT-022)the support from the Science and Technology Youth Stars Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2021KJXX-35)。
文摘Exploring remarkable oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts for regenerative fuel cells and metal-air batteries is highly essential.Herein,a novel non-noble metal-based heterogeneous electrocatalyst with rich defects were successfully synthesized by liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation(LLIP)of fullerene(C_(60))and ferrotetraphenylporphyrin(FeTPP)followed by one step pyrolysis.The obtained product annealed at 700℃(C_(60)/FeTPP-700),when employed as ORR electrocatalyst,revealed a positive halfwave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.877 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was superior to that of the commercial 25%Pt/C.Delightfully,the assembled Zn-air battery(ZAB)using C_(60)/FeTPP-700 as an air-electrode catalyst exhibited a high power density of 153 m W/cm^(2),specific capacity of 668 mAh/g and long-term cycling stability for more than 250 h.Experimental results proved that the excellent electrocatalytic ORR activity of C_(60)/FeTPP-700 would attribute to the synergistic effect between FeN_xsites,Fe_(3)C/Fe nanoparticles and the structure defects.This work provides a feasible and simple method to prepare nonnoble metal-based ORR electrocatalysts for the application of energy storage and conversion.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671100, 31471022, 31622027, 31490592, 81527901, and 81521062)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (LR18H090001)+1 种基金the Program for Introducing Talents in Disciplines to Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2017YFA7002, and 2019QNA5001)
文摘The laterodorsal tegmentum(LDT) is a brain structure involved in distinct behaviors including arousal,reward, and innate fear. How environmental stimuli and top-down control from high-order sensory and limbic cortical areas converge and coordinate in this region to modulate diverse behavioral outputs remains unclear.Using a modified rabies virus, we applied monosynaptic retrograde tracing to the whole brain to examine the LDT cell type specific upstream nuclei. The LDT received very strong midbrain and hindbrain afferents and moderate cortical and hypothalamic innervation but weak connections to the thalamus. The main projection neurons from cortical areas were restricted to the limbic lobe, including the ventral orbital cortex(VO), prelimbic, and cingulate cortices. Although different cell populations received qualitatively similar inputs, primarily via afferents from the periaqueductal gray area, superior colliculus, and the LDT itself, parvalbumin-positive(PV?) GABAergic cells received preferential projections from local LDT neurons.With regard to the different subtypes of GABAergic cells, aconsiderable number of nuclei, including those of the ventral tegmental area, central amygdaloid nucleus, and VO, made significantly greater inputs to somatostatinpositive cells than to PV?cells. Diverse inputs to the LDT on a system-wide level were revealed.
文摘Activating transcription factors, ATFs, are a group of bZIP transcription factors that act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors. In general, ATFs respond to extracellular signals, indicating their important roles in maintaining homeostasis. The ATF family includes ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7. Consistent with the diversity of cellular processes reported to be regulated by ATFs, the functions of ATFs are also diverse. ATFs play an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and inflammation-related pathological processes. The expression and phosphorylation status of ATFs are also related to neurodegenerative diseases and polycystic kidney disease. Various miRNAs target ATFs to regulate cancer proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, ATFs are necessary to maintain cell redox homeostasis. Therefore, deepening our understanding of the regulation and function of ATFs will provide insights into the basic regulatory mechanisms that influence how cells integrate extracellular and intracellular signals into genomic responses through transcription factors. Under pathological conditions, especially in cancer biology and response to treatment, the characterization of ATF dysfunction is important for understanding how to therapeutically utilize ATF2 or other pathways controlled by transcription factors. In this review, we will demonstrate how ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7 function in promoting or suppressing cancer development and identify their roles in tumour immunotherapy.
文摘快速多极方法是在20世纪发展的最重要的一个边界元计算算法。随着快速多极方法的发展，边界元法（BEM，Boundary Element Method）已成为大规模问题建模的一种强有力的方法。以百万计未知数的边界元法模型现在可以在台式电脑上使用快速多极边界元法解决。是第一部关于快速多极边界元法的专著，书中汇集了古典边界元法理论公式和快速多极方法的最新发展，包括二维和三维势流，
基金We gratefully thank the support from the grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872728 and 82173652)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20191411).
文摘Comprehensive Summary The cholinesterases are essential targets implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD).We have identified tryptophan-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as selective micro-nanomolar butyrylcholinesterase(BChE)inhibitors.Molecular docking was applied for the rational design and binding mode analysis.They were defined according to their target inhibitory activity,low cytotoxicity,predicted permeability through the blood-brain barrier(BBB),and in vivo cognitive improvement.Additionally,the preferred compound showed ability to decrease self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation and Aβ1-42 induced SH-SY5Y cell injury.Altogether,these factors indicated their potential as unique lead compounds for AD treatment.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002069)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020J05192)+1 种基金Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(No.sklpme2020-4-08)State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.P2021-024)。
文摘The optical limiting performances of few-layer transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanosheets in the VB group(VS_(2),VSe_(2),NbS_(2),NbSe_(2),TaS_(2),and TaSe_(2)) were systematically investigated for the first time,to the best of our knowledge.It was found that these TMDs nanosheets showed a normalized transmittance in the range of 20%–40%at the input energy of 1.28 GW/cm^(2).Ultralow initial threshold F_(S)(0.05–0.10 J/cm^(2)) and optical limiting threshold F_(OL)(0.82–2.23 J/cm^(2)) were achieved in the TMDs nanosheets,which surpassed most of the optical limiting materials.This work showed the potential of TMDs beyond MoS_(2)in optical limiting field.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874271).
文摘We theoretically study the broadband near-field optical spectrum of twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)at various twist angles near the magic angle using two different models.The spectrum at low Fermi energy is characterized by a series of peaks that are almost at the same energies as the peaks in the far-field optical conductivity of TBG.When the Fermi energy is near a van Hove singularity,an additional strong peak appears at finite energy in the near-field spectrum,which has no counterpart in the optical conductivity.Based on a detailed calculation of the plasmon dispersion,we show that these spectroscopic features are associated with interband and intraband plasmons,which can provide critical information about the local band structure and plasmonic excitations in TBG.The near-field peaks evolve systematically with the twist angle,so they can serve as fingerprints for identifying the spatial dependent twist angle in TBG samples.Our findings pave the way for future experimental studies of the novel optical properties of TBG in the nanoscale.
基金Supported by the Zhuhai City Industry-University-Research Project(ZH22017001200019PWC).
文摘Railway power system is an inseparable part of the power system,therefore,the intelligent architecture of the railway power system should also be focused on.The unique power supply characteristics of the railway power system are analyzed and integrated railway smart grid architecture based on energy routers is proposed.Importantly,three corresponding resilient mode control methods are suggested for the proposed architecture.In the fourth section,a simulation model corresponding to the resilient control mode is built and the simulation results prove the feasibility of the proposed control mode.Equally,for the novel network-connected backbone router(NCBR),a 1000 kVA,27.5/10 kV NCBR engineering prototype is used to prove its effectiveness in practical applications.Finally,a differentiation analysis is given,followed by conclusions regarding the traditional power system and proposed system.
基金Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Innovation Project“Research on the High-Quality Development of Service Industry Empowered by Digital Economy”(2022CJYB05).
文摘The comprehensive transportation system is the intensive development stage of the transportation industry,which has gradually become the mainstream transportation mode in the world by giving full play to the advantages of different modes of transportation,promoting the effective use of resources,saving energy and reducing environmental pollution.Since the beginning of reform and opening up,China has achieved a steady improvement in the quality of transportation and a rapid growth in quantity,and has made remarkable achievements in stimulating economic growth and improving people’s well-being.During the14th Five-Year Plan period,China’s comprehensive transportation development will continue to take into account the basic needs and diversified needs,promote the diversified and high-quality development of transportation services,gradually realize the enjoyment of people’s travels and the smooth flow of goods,and continuously meet the growing needs of the people for a better life.We must follow the general idea of“forcing market entities to take the initiative to compete,guiding the development of emerging industries,cultivating the core carrier that drives the integrated development of transportation services,improving regional transportation coordination capabilities,and comprehensively using cutting-edge technologies”,constantly innovating and making breakthroughs in infrastructure,technological innovation,institutional mechanisms,investment and financing policies,and promoting the innovative development and overall leap of China’s comprehensive transportation.
