Background:Hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS)is one of the most challenging congenital heart diseases in clinical treatment.In cardiac tissues,resident macrophages fulfill critical functions in maintaining a stable...Background:Hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS)is one of the most challenging congenital heart diseases in clinical treatment.In cardiac tissues,resident macrophages fulfill critical functions in maintaining a stable cardiac state and have strong regenerative capacity and organ specificity.However,the molecular mechanisms of macro-phages in HLHS remained unclear.Methods:Single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)data of HLHS and healthy control(donors)samples obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database were normalized and clustered using the Seurat package.The“FindMarkers”function was used to screen differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the HLHS and donor groups and to analyze the functional enrichment of the set of genes of interest.Finally,cell-cell communication,pseudotime,and single-cell regulatory network inference and cluster-ing(SCENIC)analyses were used to study the mechanisms of macrophages in HLHS.Results:Based on the snRNA-seq data of HLHS and donors,we identified a total of 9 cell clusters,among which the proportion of macrophages was significantly less in the HLHS group than in the control group.Subdivision of macrophage subpopulations(Macrophages 1,2,and 3)showed that Macrophages 1 was mainly involved in nervous system development,angiogenesis,and apoptotic processes.In addition,analysis of communication between Macro-phages 1 and cardiomyocytes revealed that ligand-acceptor pairs such as GAS6/AXL,IL6,IGF1,THY1,and L1CAM were present only in the donor group.Finally,pesudotime and SCENIC analyses demonstrated that FOXO3 and ELF2 played a critical role for Macrophages 1 to maintain cardiac function in patients with HLHS.Conclusion:Our study improved the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of macrophage devel-opment in HLHS,showing that manipulating the regulatory role of macrophages in the heart can be a novel treat-ment for HLHS.展开更多
Knowing the time extension degree of full mortality in phosphine fumigation at low temperature significantly contributes to successful insect pest control,especially for reducing fumigation failure and inhibiting resi...Knowing the time extension degree of full mortality in phosphine fumigation at low temperature significantly contributes to successful insect pest control,especially for reducing fumigation failure and inhibiting resistance development.The comparison ofmortality and lethal time on eggs,larvae,pupae and adults of Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens)was conducted,and the strain with 1043 times of resistance factor to phosphine was assayed during fumigation with 300 mL/m^3 of phosphine concentration at 18,23 and 28℃.The LT50 values to eggs,larvae,pupae and adults of C.ferrugineus at 18℃ were postponed by 2,2,1 and 5 d comparedwith that at 23℃,and 5,4,5 and 7 d compared with that at 28℃,respectively.The LT99 values to eggs,larvae,pupae and adults at 18℃ were 5,1,2 and 7 d longer than that at 23℃,and 6,5,5 and 10 d longer than that at 28℃,respectively.The lethal time of different life stages of the C.ferrugineus strain significantly increased with temperature decreasing.The exposure time of full mortality on pupae at 300 mL/m^3 of phosphine at 18℃ reached 38 d,which was 12 d longer than that of larvae.The order of tolerance of different life stages of C.ferrugineus exposed to 300 mL/m^3 phosphine from high to low was pupae,eggs,adults,larvae at tested temperatures.展开更多
IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1(IPA1)is a pivotal gene controlling plant architecture and grain yield.However,little is known about the effects of Triticum aestivum SQUAMOSA PROMOTER‐BINDING‐LIKE 14(TaSPL14),an IPA1 ortho...IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1(IPA1)is a pivotal gene controlling plant architecture and grain yield.However,little is known about the effects of Triticum aestivum SQUAMOSA PROMOTER‐BINDING‐LIKE 14(TaSPL14),an IPA1 ortholog in wheat,on balancing yield traits and its regulatory mechanism in wheat(T.aestivum L.).Here,we determined that the T.aestivum GRAIN WIDTH2(TaGW2)‐TaSPL14 module influences the balance between tiller number and grain weight in wheat.Overexpression of TaSPL14 resulted in a reduced tiller number and increased grain weight,whereas its knockout had the opposite effect,indicating that TaSPL14 negatively regulates tillering while positively regulating grain weight.We further identified TaGW2 as a novel interacting protein of TaSPL14 and confirmed its ability to mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of TaSPL14.Based on our genetic evidence,TaGW2 acts as a positive regulator of tiller number,in addition to its known role as a negative regulator of grain weight,which is opposite to TaSPL14.Moreover,combinations of TaSPL14‐7A and TaGW2‐6A haplotypes exhibit significantly additive effects on tiller number and grain weight in wheat breeding.Our findings provide insight into how the TaGW2‐TaSPL14 module regulates the trade‐off between tiller number and grain weight and its potential application in improving wheat yield.展开更多
基金supported by Jiangsu Province Postgraduate Practice Innovation Program(SJCX22_0766)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231378)Leader of Geriatric Clinical Technology Application Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(LR2022002)。
文摘Background:Hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS)is one of the most challenging congenital heart diseases in clinical treatment.In cardiac tissues,resident macrophages fulfill critical functions in maintaining a stable cardiac state and have strong regenerative capacity and organ specificity.However,the molecular mechanisms of macro-phages in HLHS remained unclear.Methods:Single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)data of HLHS and healthy control(donors)samples obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database were normalized and clustered using the Seurat package.The“FindMarkers”function was used to screen differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the HLHS and donor groups and to analyze the functional enrichment of the set of genes of interest.Finally,cell-cell communication,pseudotime,and single-cell regulatory network inference and cluster-ing(SCENIC)analyses were used to study the mechanisms of macrophages in HLHS.Results:Based on the snRNA-seq data of HLHS and donors,we identified a total of 9 cell clusters,among which the proportion of macrophages was significantly less in the HLHS group than in the control group.Subdivision of macrophage subpopulations(Macrophages 1,2,and 3)showed that Macrophages 1 was mainly involved in nervous system development,angiogenesis,and apoptotic processes.In addition,analysis of communication between Macro-phages 1 and cardiomyocytes revealed that ligand-acceptor pairs such as GAS6/AXL,IL6,IGF1,THY1,and L1CAM were present only in the donor group.Finally,pesudotime and SCENIC analyses demonstrated that FOXO3 and ELF2 played a critical role for Macrophages 1 to maintain cardiac function in patients with HLHS.Conclusion:Our study improved the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of macrophage devel-opment in HLHS,showing that manipulating the regulatory role of macrophages in the heart can be a novel treat-ment for HLHS.
基金This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of the 13th Five-Year Plan(No.2017YFC1600800).
文摘Knowing the time extension degree of full mortality in phosphine fumigation at low temperature significantly contributes to successful insect pest control,especially for reducing fumigation failure and inhibiting resistance development.The comparison ofmortality and lethal time on eggs,larvae,pupae and adults of Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens)was conducted,and the strain with 1043 times of resistance factor to phosphine was assayed during fumigation with 300 mL/m^3 of phosphine concentration at 18,23 and 28℃.The LT50 values to eggs,larvae,pupae and adults of C.ferrugineus at 18℃ were postponed by 2,2,1 and 5 d comparedwith that at 23℃,and 5,4,5 and 7 d compared with that at 28℃,respectively.The LT99 values to eggs,larvae,pupae and adults at 18℃ were 5,1,2 and 7 d longer than that at 23℃,and 6,5,5 and 10 d longer than that at 28℃,respectively.The lethal time of different life stages of the C.ferrugineus strain significantly increased with temperature decreasing.The exposure time of full mortality on pupae at 300 mL/m^3 of phosphine at 18℃ reached 38 d,which was 12 d longer than that of larvae.The order of tolerance of different life stages of C.ferrugineus exposed to 300 mL/m^3 phosphine from high to low was pupae,eggs,adults,larvae at tested temperatures.
基金financially supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (6242032)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-CSCB-202401)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province (2022AAC02056)
文摘IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1(IPA1)is a pivotal gene controlling plant architecture and grain yield.However,little is known about the effects of Triticum aestivum SQUAMOSA PROMOTER‐BINDING‐LIKE 14(TaSPL14),an IPA1 ortholog in wheat,on balancing yield traits and its regulatory mechanism in wheat(T.aestivum L.).Here,we determined that the T.aestivum GRAIN WIDTH2(TaGW2)‐TaSPL14 module influences the balance between tiller number and grain weight in wheat.Overexpression of TaSPL14 resulted in a reduced tiller number and increased grain weight,whereas its knockout had the opposite effect,indicating that TaSPL14 negatively regulates tillering while positively regulating grain weight.We further identified TaGW2 as a novel interacting protein of TaSPL14 and confirmed its ability to mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of TaSPL14.Based on our genetic evidence,TaGW2 acts as a positive regulator of tiller number,in addition to its known role as a negative regulator of grain weight,which is opposite to TaSPL14.Moreover,combinations of TaSPL14‐7A and TaGW2‐6A haplotypes exhibit significantly additive effects on tiller number and grain weight in wheat breeding.Our findings provide insight into how the TaGW2‐TaSPL14 module regulates the trade‐off between tiller number and grain weight and its potential application in improving wheat yield.
