Microfluidic devices are composed of microchannels with a diameter ranging from ten to a few hundred micrometers.Thus,quite a small(10-9–10-18l)amount of liquid can be manipulated by such a precise system.In the past...Microfluidic devices are composed of microchannels with a diameter ranging from ten to a few hundred micrometers.Thus,quite a small(10-9–10-18l)amount of liquid can be manipulated by such a precise system.In the past three decades,significant progress in materials science,microfabrication,and various applications has boosted the development of promising functional microfluidic devices.In this review,the recent progress on novel microfluidic devices with various functions and applications is presented.First,the theory and numerical methods for studying the performance of microfluidic devices are briefly introduced.Then,materials and fabrication methods of functional microfluidic devices are summarized.Next,the recent significant advances in applications of microfluidic devices are highlighted,including heat sinks,clean water production,chemical reactions,sensors,biomedicine,capillaric circuits,wearable electronic devices,and microrobotics.Finally,perspectives on the challenges and future developments of functional microfluidic devices are presented.This review aims to inspire researchers from various fields engineering,materials,chemistry,mathematics,physics,and more—to collaborate and drive forward the development and applications of functional microfluidic devices,specifically for achieving carbon neutrality.展开更多
An ancient hexaploidization event in the most but not all Asteraceae plants,may have been responsible for shaping the genomes of many horticultural,ornamental,and medicinal plants that promoting the prosperity of the ...An ancient hexaploidization event in the most but not all Asteraceae plants,may have been responsible for shaping the genomes of many horticultural,ornamental,and medicinal plants that promoting the prosperity of the largest angiosperm family on the earth.However,the duplication process of this hexaploidy,as well as the genomic and phenotypic diversity of extant Asteraceae plants caused by paleogenome reorganization,are still poorly understood.We analyzed 11 genomes from 10 genera in Asteraceae,and redated the Asteraceae common hexaploidization(ACH)event∼70.7–78.6 million years ago(Mya)and the Asteroideae specific tetraploidization(AST)event∼41.6–46.2 Mya.Moreover,we identified the genomic homologies generated from the ACH,AST and speciation events,and constructed a multiple genome alignment framework for Asteraceae.Subsequently,we revealed biased fractionations between the paleopolyploidization produced subgenomes,suggesting the ACH and AST both are allopolyplodization events.Interestingly,the paleochromosome reshuffling traces provided clear evidence for the two-step duplications of ACH event in Asteraceae.Furthermore,we reconstructed ancestral Asteraceae karyotype(AAK)that has 9 paleochromosomes,and revealed a highly flexible reshuffling of Asteraceae paleogenome.Of specific significance,we explored the genetic diversity of Heat Shock Transcription Factors(Hsfs)associated with recursive whole-genome polyploidizations,gene duplications,and paleogenome reshuffling,and revealed that the expansion of Hsfs gene families enable heat shock plasticity during the genome evolution of Asteraceae.Our study provides insights on polyploidy and paleogenome remodeling for the successful establishment of Asteraceae,and is helpful for further communication and exploration of the diversification of plant families and phenotypes.展开更多
In this paper, the interlayer sliding between graphene and boron nitride （h-BN） is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The interlayer shear force between h-BN/h-BN is found to be six times higher than that of...In this paper, the interlayer sliding between graphene and boron nitride （h-BN） is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The interlayer shear force between h-BN/h-BN is found to be six times higher than that of graphene/graphene, while the interlayer shear between graphene/h-BN is approximate to that of graphene/graphene. The graphene/h- BN heterostructure shows several anomalous interlayer shear characteristics compared to its bilayer counterparts. For graphene/graphene and h-BN/h-BN, interlayer shears only exit along the sliding direction while interlayer shear for graphene/h-BN is observed along both the translocation and perpendicular directions. Our results provide significant insight into the interlayer shear characteristics of 2D nanomaterials.展开更多
Introduction COVID-19,caused by SARS-CoV-2,is a highly contagious disease.1 By April 8,2020,more than 1,350,000 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 globally,with more than 79,000 deaths worldwide attributable to the...Introduction COVID-19,caused by SARS-CoV-2,is a highly contagious disease.1 By April 8,2020,more than 1,350,000 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 globally,with more than 79,000 deaths worldwide attributable to the disease.2 Recent clinical data reported that mild and critical patients manifested different symptoms.Most of the mild patients with COVID-19 had symptoms such as fever,cough,and mild pneumonia,whereas the critical cases presented dyspnea,respiratory failure,sepsis,organ dysfunction,and even eventual death.展开更多
Graphene-based materials exhibit unique properties that have been sought to utilize for various potential applications. Many studies suggest that graphene-based materials can be cytotoxic, which may be attributed to d...Graphene-based materials exhibit unique properties that have been sought to utilize for various potential applications. Many studies suggest that graphene-based materials can be cytotoxic, which may be attributed to destructive effects on cell membranes.However, there still are conflicting results regarding interactions between graphene-based materials and lipid membranes. Here,through cryo-electron microscopy(Cryo-EM) and dye-leakage experiments along with in silico methods, we found that graphene oxide nanosheets induce significant membrane damage, while the effect of pristine graphene is negligible. We revealed the importance of heterogeneous oxidization of graphene-based nanosheets in damaging vesicle membranes. Moreover, that not only the oxidization degree but also the oxidization loci and membrane tension play important roles in the cytotoxicity of the graphene-based nanosheets.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52006056)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B090923003)The project was also partly supported by Natural Research Institute for Family Planning as well。
文摘Microfluidic devices are composed of microchannels with a diameter ranging from ten to a few hundred micrometers.Thus,quite a small(10-9–10-18l)amount of liquid can be manipulated by such a precise system.In the past three decades,significant progress in materials science,microfabrication,and various applications has boosted the development of promising functional microfluidic devices.In this review,the recent progress on novel microfluidic devices with various functions and applications is presented.First,the theory and numerical methods for studying the performance of microfluidic devices are briefly introduced.Then,materials and fabrication methods of functional microfluidic devices are summarized.Next,the recent significant advances in applications of microfluidic devices are highlighted,including heat sinks,clean water production,chemical reactions,sensors,biomedicine,capillaric circuits,wearable electronic devices,and microrobotics.Finally,perspectives on the challenges and future developments of functional microfluidic devices are presented.This review aims to inspire researchers from various fields engineering,materials,chemistry,mathematics,physics,and more—to collaborate and drive forward the development and applications of functional microfluidic devices,specifically for achieving carbon neutrality.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170236 and 31501333 to J.P.W.)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(C2020209064 to J.P.W.)the Fundamental Research for the Hebei Province Universities(JQN2020018 to T.L.).
文摘An ancient hexaploidization event in the most but not all Asteraceae plants,may have been responsible for shaping the genomes of many horticultural,ornamental,and medicinal plants that promoting the prosperity of the largest angiosperm family on the earth.However,the duplication process of this hexaploidy,as well as the genomic and phenotypic diversity of extant Asteraceae plants caused by paleogenome reorganization,are still poorly understood.We analyzed 11 genomes from 10 genera in Asteraceae,and redated the Asteraceae common hexaploidization(ACH)event∼70.7–78.6 million years ago(Mya)and the Asteroideae specific tetraploidization(AST)event∼41.6–46.2 Mya.Moreover,we identified the genomic homologies generated from the ACH,AST and speciation events,and constructed a multiple genome alignment framework for Asteraceae.Subsequently,we revealed biased fractionations between the paleopolyploidization produced subgenomes,suggesting the ACH and AST both are allopolyplodization events.Interestingly,the paleochromosome reshuffling traces provided clear evidence for the two-step duplications of ACH event in Asteraceae.Furthermore,we reconstructed ancestral Asteraceae karyotype(AAK)that has 9 paleochromosomes,and revealed a highly flexible reshuffling of Asteraceae paleogenome.Of specific significance,we explored the genetic diversity of Heat Shock Transcription Factors(Hsfs)associated with recursive whole-genome polyploidizations,gene duplications,and paleogenome reshuffling,and revealed that the expansion of Hsfs gene families enable heat shock plasticity during the genome evolution of Asteraceae.Our study provides insights on polyploidy and paleogenome remodeling for the successful establishment of Asteraceae,and is helpful for further communication and exploration of the diversification of plant families and phenotypes.
基金the start-up funding from the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the New Jersey In stitute of Technology (NJIT)funded by the Little John fellowship at the University of PennsylvaniaNational Scientific Foundation of China (no. 11402145 )
文摘In this paper, the interlayer sliding between graphene and boron nitride （h-BN） is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The interlayer shear force between h-BN/h-BN is found to be six times higher than that of graphene/graphene, while the interlayer shear between graphene/h-BN is approximate to that of graphene/graphene. The graphene/h- BN heterostructure shows several anomalous interlayer shear characteristics compared to its bilayer counterparts. For graphene/graphene and h-BN/h-BN, interlayer shears only exit along the sliding direction while interlayer shear for graphene/h-BN is observed along both the translocation and perpendicular directions. Our results provide significant insight into the interlayer shear characteristics of 2D nanomaterials.
基金We thank the patients,nurses,and physicians who pro-vided care for the patients,and the investigators at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen.This work is supported by grants from the Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality(202002073000001)National Key Research and Development Program(2020YFC0841700)+1 种基金High-level University Fund(no.G02386301,G02386401)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund(no.2019A1515111038).
文摘Introduction COVID-19,caused by SARS-CoV-2,is a highly contagious disease.1 By April 8,2020,more than 1,350,000 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 globally,with more than 79,000 deaths worldwide attributable to the disease.2 Recent clinical data reported that mild and critical patients manifested different symptoms.Most of the mild patients with COVID-19 had symptoms such as fever,cough,and mild pneumonia,whereas the critical cases presented dyspnea,respiratory failure,sepsis,organ dysfunction,and even eventual death.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB856304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11772054,11772055,11532009,and 11402145)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.18ZR1418800)National Institutes of Health(Grant No.R35GM128837)
文摘Graphene-based materials exhibit unique properties that have been sought to utilize for various potential applications. Many studies suggest that graphene-based materials can be cytotoxic, which may be attributed to destructive effects on cell membranes.However, there still are conflicting results regarding interactions between graphene-based materials and lipid membranes. Here,through cryo-electron microscopy(Cryo-EM) and dye-leakage experiments along with in silico methods, we found that graphene oxide nanosheets induce significant membrane damage, while the effect of pristine graphene is negligible. We revealed the importance of heterogeneous oxidization of graphene-based nanosheets in damaging vesicle membranes. Moreover, that not only the oxidization degree but also the oxidization loci and membrane tension play important roles in the cytotoxicity of the graphene-based nanosheets.
