Members of the family Scenedesmaceae are some of the most common algal taxa in inland ecosystems,and they are widely distributed in freshwaters,aerial,and sub-aerial habitats.With the continuous updating of methods,th...Members of the family Scenedesmaceae are some of the most common algal taxa in inland ecosystems,and they are widely distributed in freshwaters,aerial,and sub-aerial habitats.With the continuous updating of methods,the classic morphological taxonomy of this family needs to be revised.In recent years,many genera of Scenedesmaceae have been established via the use of molecular methods.The phylogenetic relationships within Scenedesmaceae were analyzed using different molecular markers and morphological data,and the new freshwater genus Coccoidesmus Wang,Hou et Liu gen.nov.was described.Two new species in this genus were also described.Phylogenetic analysis based on tufA genes revealed that the new genus formed an independent clade closely related to Comasiella.However,these two genera are characterized by significant morphological differences in colony arrangement and cell shape.The chloroplast genome of the type species was assembled and annotated,and analyses of genome structure and sequences were conducted.More genome data could help clarify the phylogenetic relationships within this family.展开更多
Cellular heterogeneity is crucial for understanding tissue biology and disease pathophysiology.Pharmacological research is being advanced by single-cell metabolic analysis,which offers a technique to identify variatio...Cellular heterogeneity is crucial for understanding tissue biology and disease pathophysiology.Pharmacological research is being advanced by single-cell metabolic analysis,which offers a technique to identify variations in RNA,proteins,metabolites,and drug molecules in cells.In this review,the recent advancement of single-cell metabolic analysis techniques and their applications in drug metabolism and drug response are summarized.High-precision and controlled single-cell isolation and manipulation are provided by microfluidics-based methods,such as droplet microfluidics,microchamber,open microfluidic probe,and digital microfluidics.They are used in tandem with variety of detection techniques,including optical imaging,Raman spectroscopy,electrochemical detection,RNA sequencing,and mass spectrometry,to evaluate single-cell metabolic changes in response to drug administration.The advantages and disadvantages of different techniques are discussed along with the challenges and future directions for single-cell analysis.These techniques are employed in pharmaceutical analysis for studying drug response and resistance pathway,therapeutic targets discovery,and in vitro disease model evaluation.展开更多
Spine surgery is typically having a relationship to high degrees of pain and immobility.It is a known fact that the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)approach has led to a paradigm shift in var...Spine surgery is typically having a relationship to high degrees of pain and immobility.It is a known fact that the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)approach has led to a paradigm shift in various surgical specialties.These protocols require doctors,nurses,anesthesiologists,patients,and their families to agree to strengthen communication with each other,and involve a long timeline and teamwork from start to finish.To our knowledge,the role of nursing in the ERAS of spine surgery has not been reported before.The purpose of this study is to summarize the role of nursing in ERAS programs in accordance with surgical periods.The methods applied for this review include literature review of the world’s acknowledged databases such as Springer Link,PubMed,Embase,and Wanfang,especially in the period of 2000-2015.A total of 9 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the review.The findings confirm that the nursing work continued throughout the perioperative procedure,which plays a key role in the successful ERAS pathway.According to different nursing measures,ERAS nursing can effectively promote the postoperative recovery of spine surgical patients,with fewer postoperative complications and increased patient satisfaction.展开更多
Micro/nano magnesium carbonate pentahydrate（MgCO3 ·5H2 O） with flower-like morphology was synthesized using magnesite as a substrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate as an additive. The synthesized samples we...Micro/nano magnesium carbonate pentahydrate（MgCO3 ·5H2 O） with flower-like morphology was synthesized using magnesite as a substrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate as an additive. The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of pyrolysis time on crystal morphology was explored. The formation mechanism was investigated on the basis of the characterized results and the crystal structure of MgCO3 ·5H2 O. The results showed that the flower-like MgCO3 ·5H2 O was 1.5-3.0 μm in length and 100-500 nm in diameter and was successfully obtained with a pyrolysis time of 30 min. The formation mechanism of flower-like MgCO3 ·5H2 O is suggested to be the selective adsorption of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the surface. The process of flower-like crystal growth is as follows： amorphous nanoparticles formation, acicular and rod monocrystal formation, flower-like monocrystal formation, and flower-like polymers（MgCO3 ·5H2 O） crystallization. In the MgCO3 ·5H2 O crystal, the magnesium ion presents two different octahedral coordinations corresponding to2 26 Mg（H O）＋and2 2 2 4 23 [Mg（H O）（CO） ]--, and the chemical formula of the crystal is2 2 6 2 4 23 Mg（H O） Mg（H O）（CO）2.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus has been associated with anincreased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in recent studies ofpatients. At the same time, advanced hepatocellular carcinomaitself can cause glucose intolerance and can agg...Diabetes mellitus has been associated with anincreased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in recent studies ofpatients. At the same time, advanced hepatocellular carcinomaitself can cause glucose intolerance and can aggravate diabetes.Diabetes mellitus inducing hepatocellular carcinoma may resultin changes in the following aspects: dysfunction of organism,endocrine hormone balance and interactions, endothelins andso on. One way, diabetes mellitus may induce hepatocellularcarcinoma through the effects of chemotherapeutics and otheradjuvant drugs. This review outlines the relationship betweendiabetes mellitus and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma as wellas treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma, which may be helpfulfor clinicians.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional Set Partitioned Embedded ZeroBlock Coding (3D SPEZBC) lossy-to-lossless compression algorithm for hyperspectral image which is an improved three-dimensional Embedded ZeroB...In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional Set Partitioned Embedded ZeroBlock Coding (3D SPEZBC) lossy-to-lossless compression algorithm for hyperspectral image which is an improved three-dimensional Embedded ZeroBlock Coding (3D EZBC) algorithm. The algorithm adopts the 3D integer wavelet packet transform proposed by Xiong et al. to decorrelate, the set-based partitioning zeroblock coding to process bitplane coding and the con-text-based adaptive arithmetic coding for further entropy coding. The theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that 3D SPEZBC not only provides the same excellent compression performances as 3D EZBC, but also reduces the memory requirement compared with 3D EZBC. For achieving good coding performance, the diverse wave-let filters and unitary scaling factors are compared and evaluated, and the best choices were given. In comparison with several state-of-the-art wavelet coding algorithms, the proposed algorithm provides better compression performance and unsupervised classification accuracy.展开更多
Semiconductor-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS),especially the stronger interfacial charge transfer process(ICTP),represents a frontier in the field of SERS with spectral reproducibility and unparallele...Semiconductor-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS),especially the stronger interfacial charge transfer process(ICTP),represents a frontier in the field of SERS with spectral reproducibility and unparalleled selectivity.Herein,through a laser microfabrication method in situ,the free-standing,super hydrophilic and vacancy-rich TiO_(2-x)/Ti is successfully synthesized.Using blue TiO_(x)/Ti(B-TiO_(x)/Ti)as preconcentrated substrate,a nanomolar-level limit of detection of 12 nmol/L at 1385 cm–1,is confirmed using crystal violet(CV)bacteriostat as a model under 532 nm excitation.Furthermore,the results demonstrate that the SERS enhancement mechanism is via the moderate adulteration of oxygen vacancy,which leads to a narrow value of band gap and increases the ICTP of substrate to molecules.Using a hand-held extractor assembled with B-TiO_(x)/Ti microfiber,the operando analysis of mixtures distributed information excited in different parts of Asian carp is facilely achieved.This work guides the controlled synthesis of vacancy-rich TiO_(2-x)/Ti nanostructure and its application in ultrasensitive extraction-SERS detection.It also provides the direction for the rapid and operando transmission of biological information with temporal and spatial concentration distribution in human tissues by highly sensitized materials.展开更多
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)are a recent class of porous materials that have garnered considerable research interest owing to their distinctive characteristics.HOFs can be constructed through judicious sel...Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)are a recent class of porous materials that have garnered considerable research interest owing to their distinctive characteristics.HOFs can be constructed through judicious selection of H-bonding motifs,which are further enforced by other weak intermolecular interactions such asπ–πstacking,van der Waals forces,and framework interpenetration.Taking advantage of these interactions,we can expand the functional field of HOFs by introducing active molecules.Recently,researchers have made substantial advancements in using HOFs for chemical sensing,catalysis,proton conduction,biological applications,and others.The low bonding energy of H-bonds allows for precise control over the concentration of ligands in solvents,forming diverse HOF structures.These varied structures offer significant advantages for producing HOFs with photo-responsive and electro-responsive properties.However,the presence of H-bonds in HOFs results in their inherent lower stability compared to metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent-organic frameworks(COFs)formed via coordination and covalent bonds,respectively.As a result,the pursuit of stable and innovative HOF materials with novel functional sites remains an ongoing challenge.This review provides an overview of recent research progress in the development of new strategies for stable HOF synthesis and applications of HOFs with stimuli-responsive properties.We first classified all synthetic methods reported to date and discussed the stable HOFs synthesized,as well as their unique properties and applications.In addition,we summarized the applications of HOFs utilizing their synergistic responses to external stimuli,including photo,electrical,pressure,and chemical stimuli.We systematically reviewed stable HOF synthesis and applications,which may lead to a deeper understanding of the structure–activity relationship for these materials and guide future HOF design.展开更多
Emerging ferroelectric and antiferroelectric HfO_(2)-based thin films are attractive candidates for energy conversion and storage applications. In this work, the polar phase transformation between tetragonal and ortho...Emerging ferroelectric and antiferroelectric HfO_(2)-based thin films are attractive candidates for energy conversion and storage applications. In this work, the polar phase transformation between tetragonal and orthorhombic phases associated with ferroelectric or antiferroelectric behaviors is utilized to manipulate the electrocaloric cooling and energy storage performances in Zr-doped, woken up HfO_(2) ultrathin films. A giant electrocaloric temperature change of up to 11.85 K in Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2) with the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) state and a high energy storage density of 39.34 J/cm^(3) in the tetragonal phase-dominant Hf0.25Zr0.75O2 system are obtained. More interestingly, contrary to overdoping and excessive electric fields, an appropriate Zr concentration of 0.5 and an applicable driving field of 1.91 MV/cm are desired for the electrocaloric effect, resulting in an ultralow operating voltage as low as 1.3 V in this 6.8 nm thick Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2) film. These findings illustrate that the structural design strategy is a visible method for achieving optimal energy-related behaviors and highlight the great possibilities for building future energy-related devices.展开更多
3D microgels with various mechanical properties have been important platforms tumor metastasis analysis,and widely adjustable stiffness is crucial for deeper researches.Herein,by mixing biodegradable polylactic acid(P...3D microgels with various mechanical properties have been important platforms tumor metastasis analysis,and widely adjustable stiffness is crucial for deeper researches.Herein,by mixing biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA)nanofibers in the modified alginate with different concentrations of Ca^(2+),we significantly enhance the stiffness range of microgels while retaining the pore size,which provides bionic microenvironment for tumor analysis.As a proof of concept,we simulated the mechanical characteristics of breast tumors by encapsulating cells in 3D microgels with diverse stiffness,and analyzed cellular behaviors of two typical breast cancer cell lines:MCF-7 and SUM-159.Results showed that with the addition of 2.0%(w/v)PLA short nanofibers,the Young’s modulus of modified alginate increased more than three-fold.Besides preserving high survival and proliferation rates,both cells also displayed stronger migration ability in soft microgel spheres,where RT-qPCR analysis revealed the underlying changes at the genetic level.This systematic study demonstrated our method is powerful for creating widely adjustable 3D mechanical microenvironment,and the results of cellular behavior analysis shows its promising application prospects in tumorigenesis and progression.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce the notion of a product structure on a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra,which is a Nijenhuis operator with some conditions.We prove that a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra has a product structure if and only if it is...In this paper,we introduce the notion of a product structure on a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra,which is a Nijenhuis operator with some conditions.We prove that a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra has a product structure if and only if it is the direct sum of two vector spaces which are also Bihom-subalgebras.Then we give four special conditions under each of which a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra has a special decomposition.Similarly,we introduce a complex structure on a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra and there are also four types of special complex structures.Finally,we establish the relation between a complex structure and a product structure.展开更多
Hard materials typically lack the mechanism of energy dissipation and cannot self-heal.Nature addresses this challenge by creating multiscale interfaces between high-contrast materials,namely minerals and biopolymers....Hard materials typically lack the mechanism of energy dissipation and cannot self-heal.Nature addresses this challenge by creating multiscale interfaces between high-contrast materials,namely minerals and biopolymers.Inspired by the enamel-dentin junction in nature,an enamel-like crown consisting ofβFeOOH nanocolumns is interdigitated with a flexible self-healing layer.The iron oxide top layer has exceptionally high modulus and hardness,which is more resistant to cyclic deformation than the bottom layer.The latter however provides an additional pathway for viscous and plastic energy dissipation and enables self-healing by allowing upward polymer diffusion to seal the damage.Picture-frame crack patterns were observed under large loading conditions using microindentation,which localizes the damage at the indentation site.The bending properties can be optimized by varying the thickness of the bottom layer,and the crack induced by bending can be effectively captured at the interface without any delamination.The biomimetic tooth replicate is highly adhesive to a ceramic surface and shows an obvious inhibition effect against Streptococcus mutans,a significant contributor to tooth decay.Combined with ultralow thermal diffusivity,this has great potential as dental material.Learning from nature,our work thus provides a powerful pathway to broadening the scope of synthetic materials for dental replicates.展开更多
Electroreduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2) RR)to value-added chemicals offers a promising approach to balance the global carbon emission,but still remains a signifi-cantchallengeduetohighoverpotential,lowfaradaic efficiency,an...Electroreduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2) RR)to value-added chemicals offers a promising approach to balance the global carbon emission,but still remains a signifi-cantchallengeduetohighoverpotential,lowfaradaic efficiency,and poor selectivity of electrocatalysts systems.展开更多
Background：The immunopathologic mechanism underlying dermatomyositis （DM） and polymyositis （PM） remains poorly understood.Many cytokines play a pathogenic role in DM and PM.lnterleukin 21 （IL-21） has a pleiotro...Background：The immunopathologic mechanism underlying dermatomyositis （DM） and polymyositis （PM） remains poorly understood.Many cytokines play a pathogenic role in DM and PM.lnterleukin 21 （IL-21） has a pleiotropic effect on inflammation regulation.This study aimed to detect the serum IL-21 level and investigate the expression of IL-21 and IL-21 receptor （IL-21 R） in muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM.Methods：Biopsied muscle samples were obtained from 11 patients with DM,12 with PM,and six controls;mRNA levels of IL-21 and IL-21 R were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction;and immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the protein expression of IL-21 and IL-21R.Serum samples were obtained from 36 patients with DM,19 with PM,and 20 healthy controls.The serum IL-21 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results：The expression of IL-21 was upregulated in patients with DM and PM.The IL-21 mRNA level was significantly increased in muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM （DM vs.control,P =0.001;PM vs.control,P =0.001）,whereas IL-21R mRNA level in patients with DM/PM was not statistically different from that of healthy controls.Immunohistochemical staining showed both I L-21 and IL-21R were significantly expressed in the inflammatory cells in muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM.The serum IL-21 level was also significantly higher in patients with DM/PM than in controls （DM vs.control,49.12 [45.28,60.07] pg/ml vs.42.54 [38.69,48.85] pg/ml,P =0.00l;PM vs.control,50.77 [44.19,60.62] pg/ml vs.42.54 [38.69,48.85] pg/ml,P =0.005）.Conclusions：IL-21 expression is upregulated in patients with DM and PM in both muscle tissue and serum.In addition,IL-21R protein is highly expressed in affected muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM.IL-21 may play a pathogenic role through IL-21R in patients with DM and PM.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32000167,32370219)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.2020L0524)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.20210302124302)the Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecological Security in Fenhe River Basin,Taiyuan Normal University。
文摘Members of the family Scenedesmaceae are some of the most common algal taxa in inland ecosystems,and they are widely distributed in freshwaters,aerial,and sub-aerial habitats.With the continuous updating of methods,the classic morphological taxonomy of this family needs to be revised.In recent years,many genera of Scenedesmaceae have been established via the use of molecular methods.The phylogenetic relationships within Scenedesmaceae were analyzed using different molecular markers and morphological data,and the new freshwater genus Coccoidesmus Wang,Hou et Liu gen.nov.was described.Two new species in this genus were also described.Phylogenetic analysis based on tufA genes revealed that the new genus formed an independent clade closely related to Comasiella.However,these two genera are characterized by significant morphological differences in colony arrangement and cell shape.The chloroplast genome of the type species was assembled and annotated,and analyses of genome structure and sequences were conducted.More genome data could help clarify the phylogenetic relationships within this family.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2022YFC3400700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:22034005,81973569 and 221115402533).
文摘Cellular heterogeneity is crucial for understanding tissue biology and disease pathophysiology.Pharmacological research is being advanced by single-cell metabolic analysis,which offers a technique to identify variations in RNA,proteins,metabolites,and drug molecules in cells.In this review,the recent advancement of single-cell metabolic analysis techniques and their applications in drug metabolism and drug response are summarized.High-precision and controlled single-cell isolation and manipulation are provided by microfluidics-based methods,such as droplet microfluidics,microchamber,open microfluidic probe,and digital microfluidics.They are used in tandem with variety of detection techniques,including optical imaging,Raman spectroscopy,electrochemical detection,RNA sequencing,and mass spectrometry,to evaluate single-cell metabolic changes in response to drug administration.The advantages and disadvantages of different techniques are discussed along with the challenges and future directions for single-cell analysis.These techniques are employed in pharmaceutical analysis for studying drug response and resistance pathway,therapeutic targets discovery,and in vitro disease model evaluation.
基金sponsored by the scientific research and technology development plan of Nanning(20193100,Z20191065,Z20190446)Nanning Excellent Young Scientist Program RC20200102.
文摘Spine surgery is typically having a relationship to high degrees of pain and immobility.It is a known fact that the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)approach has led to a paradigm shift in various surgical specialties.These protocols require doctors,nurses,anesthesiologists,patients,and their families to agree to strengthen communication with each other,and involve a long timeline and teamwork from start to finish.To our knowledge,the role of nursing in the ERAS of spine surgery has not been reported before.The purpose of this study is to summarize the role of nursing in ERAS programs in accordance with surgical periods.The methods applied for this review include literature review of the world’s acknowledged databases such as Springer Link,PubMed,Embase,and Wanfang,especially in the period of 2000-2015.A total of 9 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the review.The findings confirm that the nursing work continued throughout the perioperative procedure,which plays a key role in the successful ERAS pathway.According to different nursing measures,ERAS nursing can effectively promote the postoperative recovery of spine surgical patients,with fewer postoperative complications and increased patient satisfaction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51074037)
文摘Micro/nano magnesium carbonate pentahydrate（MgCO3 ·5H2 O） with flower-like morphology was synthesized using magnesite as a substrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate as an additive. The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of pyrolysis time on crystal morphology was explored. The formation mechanism was investigated on the basis of the characterized results and the crystal structure of MgCO3 ·5H2 O. The results showed that the flower-like MgCO3 ·5H2 O was 1.5-3.0 μm in length and 100-500 nm in diameter and was successfully obtained with a pyrolysis time of 30 min. The formation mechanism of flower-like MgCO3 ·5H2 O is suggested to be the selective adsorption of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the surface. The process of flower-like crystal growth is as follows： amorphous nanoparticles formation, acicular and rod monocrystal formation, flower-like monocrystal formation, and flower-like polymers（MgCO3 ·5H2 O） crystallization. In the MgCO3 ·5H2 O crystal, the magnesium ion presents two different octahedral coordinations corresponding to2 26 Mg（H O）＋and2 2 2 4 23 [Mg（H O）（CO） ]--, and the chemical formula of the crystal is2 2 6 2 4 23 Mg（H O） Mg（H O）（CO）2.
文摘Diabetes mellitus has been associated with anincreased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in recent studies ofpatients. At the same time, advanced hepatocellular carcinomaitself can cause glucose intolerance and can aggravate diabetes.Diabetes mellitus inducing hepatocellular carcinoma may resultin changes in the following aspects: dysfunction of organism,endocrine hormone balance and interactions, endothelins andso on. One way, diabetes mellitus may induce hepatocellularcarcinoma through the effects of chemotherapeutics and otheradjuvant drugs. This review outlines the relationship betweendiabetes mellitus and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma as wellas treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma, which may be helpfulfor clinicians.
文摘In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional Set Partitioned Embedded ZeroBlock Coding (3D SPEZBC) lossy-to-lossless compression algorithm for hyperspectral image which is an improved three-dimensional Embedded ZeroBlock Coding (3D EZBC) algorithm. The algorithm adopts the 3D integer wavelet packet transform proposed by Xiong et al. to decorrelate, the set-based partitioning zeroblock coding to process bitplane coding and the con-text-based adaptive arithmetic coding for further entropy coding. The theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that 3D SPEZBC not only provides the same excellent compression performances as 3D EZBC, but also reduces the memory requirement compared with 3D EZBC. For achieving good coding performance, the diverse wave-let filters and unitary scaling factors are compared and evaluated, and the best choices were given. In comparison with several state-of-the-art wavelet coding algorithms, the proposed algorithm provides better compression performance and unsupervised classification accuracy.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3210400)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2021CXGC010603)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2020QE057,ZR2020QE071,ZR2020LLZ006)Innovative Team Project of Jinan(No.2021GXRC019)。
文摘Semiconductor-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS),especially the stronger interfacial charge transfer process(ICTP),represents a frontier in the field of SERS with spectral reproducibility and unparalleled selectivity.Herein,through a laser microfabrication method in situ,the free-standing,super hydrophilic and vacancy-rich TiO_(2-x)/Ti is successfully synthesized.Using blue TiO_(x)/Ti(B-TiO_(x)/Ti)as preconcentrated substrate,a nanomolar-level limit of detection of 12 nmol/L at 1385 cm–1,is confirmed using crystal violet(CV)bacteriostat as a model under 532 nm excitation.Furthermore,the results demonstrate that the SERS enhancement mechanism is via the moderate adulteration of oxygen vacancy,which leads to a narrow value of band gap and increases the ICTP of substrate to molecules.Using a hand-held extractor assembled with B-TiO_(x)/Ti microfiber,the operando analysis of mixtures distributed information excited in different parts of Asian carp is facilely achieved.This work guides the controlled synthesis of vacancy-rich TiO_(2-x)/Ti nanostructure and its application in ultrasensitive extraction-SERS detection.It also provides the direction for the rapid and operando transmission of biological information with temporal and spatial concentration distribution in human tissues by highly sensitized materials.
基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.JCTD-2022-12 CAS youth interdisciplinary team)Y.Y.L.acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation(No.HRD-2112554).
文摘Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)are a recent class of porous materials that have garnered considerable research interest owing to their distinctive characteristics.HOFs can be constructed through judicious selection of H-bonding motifs,which are further enforced by other weak intermolecular interactions such asπ–πstacking,van der Waals forces,and framework interpenetration.Taking advantage of these interactions,we can expand the functional field of HOFs by introducing active molecules.Recently,researchers have made substantial advancements in using HOFs for chemical sensing,catalysis,proton conduction,biological applications,and others.The low bonding energy of H-bonds allows for precise control over the concentration of ligands in solvents,forming diverse HOF structures.These varied structures offer significant advantages for producing HOFs with photo-responsive and electro-responsive properties.However,the presence of H-bonds in HOFs results in their inherent lower stability compared to metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent-organic frameworks(COFs)formed via coordination and covalent bonds,respectively.As a result,the pursuit of stable and innovative HOF materials with novel functional sites remains an ongoing challenge.This review provides an overview of recent research progress in the development of new strategies for stable HOF synthesis and applications of HOFs with stimuli-responsive properties.We first classified all synthetic methods reported to date and discussed the stable HOFs synthesized,as well as their unique properties and applications.In addition,we summarized the applications of HOFs utilizing their synergistic responses to external stimuli,including photo,electrical,pressure,and chemical stimuli.We systematically reviewed stable HOF synthesis and applications,which may lead to a deeper understanding of the structure–activity relationship for these materials and guide future HOF design.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52272109,91963116,and U21A2066)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3807604)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.19ZR1411900)State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China.
文摘Emerging ferroelectric and antiferroelectric HfO_(2)-based thin films are attractive candidates for energy conversion and storage applications. In this work, the polar phase transformation between tetragonal and orthorhombic phases associated with ferroelectric or antiferroelectric behaviors is utilized to manipulate the electrocaloric cooling and energy storage performances in Zr-doped, woken up HfO_(2) ultrathin films. A giant electrocaloric temperature change of up to 11.85 K in Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2) with the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) state and a high energy storage density of 39.34 J/cm^(3) in the tetragonal phase-dominant Hf0.25Zr0.75O2 system are obtained. More interestingly, contrary to overdoping and excessive electric fields, an appropriate Zr concentration of 0.5 and an applicable driving field of 1.91 MV/cm are desired for the electrocaloric effect, resulting in an ultralow operating voltage as low as 1.3 V in this 6.8 nm thick Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2) film. These findings illustrate that the structural design strategy is a visible method for achieving optimal energy-related behaviors and highlight the great possibilities for building future energy-related devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22034005,81973569,and 21621003).
文摘3D microgels with various mechanical properties have been important platforms tumor metastasis analysis,and widely adjustable stiffness is crucial for deeper researches.Herein,by mixing biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA)nanofibers in the modified alginate with different concentrations of Ca^(2+),we significantly enhance the stiffness range of microgels while retaining the pore size,which provides bionic microenvironment for tumor analysis.As a proof of concept,we simulated the mechanical characteristics of breast tumors by encapsulating cells in 3D microgels with diverse stiffness,and analyzed cellular behaviors of two typical breast cancer cell lines:MCF-7 and SUM-159.Results showed that with the addition of 2.0%(w/v)PLA short nanofibers,the Young’s modulus of modified alginate increased more than three-fold.Besides preserving high survival and proliferation rates,both cells also displayed stronger migration ability in soft microgel spheres,where RT-qPCR analysis revealed the underlying changes at the genetic level.This systematic study demonstrated our method is powerful for creating widely adjustable 3D mechanical microenvironment,and the results of cellular behavior analysis shows its promising application prospects in tumorigenesis and progression.
基金Supported by NNSF of China(No.12271085 and No.12071405)supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023NSFSC1287).
文摘In this paper,we introduce the notion of a product structure on a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra,which is a Nijenhuis operator with some conditions.We prove that a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra has a product structure if and only if it is the direct sum of two vector spaces which are also Bihom-subalgebras.Then we give four special conditions under each of which a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra has a special decomposition.Similarly,we introduce a complex structure on a 3-Bihom-Lie algebra and there are also four types of special complex structures.Finally,we establish the relation between a complex structure and a product structure.
基金The use of human tooth samples for SEM observations is approved by Ethics Committee of Hospital of Stomatology,Jilin University(ethics number 2021-61).
文摘Hard materials typically lack the mechanism of energy dissipation and cannot self-heal.Nature addresses this challenge by creating multiscale interfaces between high-contrast materials,namely minerals and biopolymers.Inspired by the enamel-dentin junction in nature,an enamel-like crown consisting ofβFeOOH nanocolumns is interdigitated with a flexible self-healing layer.The iron oxide top layer has exceptionally high modulus and hardness,which is more resistant to cyclic deformation than the bottom layer.The latter however provides an additional pathway for viscous and plastic energy dissipation and enables self-healing by allowing upward polymer diffusion to seal the damage.Picture-frame crack patterns were observed under large loading conditions using microindentation,which localizes the damage at the indentation site.The bending properties can be optimized by varying the thickness of the bottom layer,and the crack induced by bending can be effectively captured at the interface without any delamination.The biomimetic tooth replicate is highly adhesive to a ceramic surface and shows an obvious inhibition effect against Streptococcus mutans,a significant contributor to tooth decay.Combined with ultralow thermal diffusivity,this has great potential as dental material.Learning from nature,our work thus provides a powerful pathway to broadening the scope of synthetic materials for dental replicates.
基金We acknowledge the financial support received from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0208600 and 2017YFA0700100)Key Research Program of Frontier Science,CAS(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH045)+2 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB20000000)NSFC(21671188,21871263 and 21520102001)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2014265).
文摘Electroreduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2) RR)to value-added chemicals offers a promising approach to balance the global carbon emission,but still remains a signifi-cantchallengeduetohighoverpotential,lowfaradaic efficiency,and poor selectivity of electrocatalysts systems.
文摘Background：The immunopathologic mechanism underlying dermatomyositis （DM） and polymyositis （PM） remains poorly understood.Many cytokines play a pathogenic role in DM and PM.lnterleukin 21 （IL-21） has a pleiotropic effect on inflammation regulation.This study aimed to detect the serum IL-21 level and investigate the expression of IL-21 and IL-21 receptor （IL-21 R） in muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM.Methods：Biopsied muscle samples were obtained from 11 patients with DM,12 with PM,and six controls;mRNA levels of IL-21 and IL-21 R were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction;and immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the protein expression of IL-21 and IL-21R.Serum samples were obtained from 36 patients with DM,19 with PM,and 20 healthy controls.The serum IL-21 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results：The expression of IL-21 was upregulated in patients with DM and PM.The IL-21 mRNA level was significantly increased in muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM （DM vs.control,P =0.001;PM vs.control,P =0.001）,whereas IL-21R mRNA level in patients with DM/PM was not statistically different from that of healthy controls.Immunohistochemical staining showed both I L-21 and IL-21R were significantly expressed in the inflammatory cells in muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM.The serum IL-21 level was also significantly higher in patients with DM/PM than in controls （DM vs.control,49.12 [45.28,60.07] pg/ml vs.42.54 [38.69,48.85] pg/ml,P =0.00l;PM vs.control,50.77 [44.19,60.62] pg/ml vs.42.54 [38.69,48.85] pg/ml,P =0.005）.Conclusions：IL-21 expression is upregulated in patients with DM and PM in both muscle tissue and serum.In addition,IL-21R protein is highly expressed in affected muscle tissues of patients with DM and PM.IL-21 may play a pathogenic role through IL-21R in patients with DM and PM.
