In order to enhance the hydraulic loading rate(HLR) of a subsurface wastewater infiltration system(SWIS) used in treating domestic sewage,the intermittent operation mode was employed in the SWIS. The results show that...In order to enhance the hydraulic loading rate(HLR) of a subsurface wastewater infiltration system(SWIS) used in treating domestic sewage,the intermittent operation mode was employed in the SWIS. The results show that the intermittent operation mode contributes to the improvement of the HLR and the pollutant removal rate. When the wetting-drying ratio(R WD) was 1.0, the pollutant removal rate increased by(13.6 ± 0.3)% for NH3-N,(20.7 ± 1.1)% for TN,(18.6 ± 0.4)% for TP,(12.2 ± 0.5)% for BOD,(10.1 ± 0.3)% for COD, and(36.2 ± 1.2)% for SS, compared with pollutant removal rates under the continuous operation mode. The pollutant removal rate declined with the increase of the HLR. The effluent quality met The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water e Water Quality Standard for Scenic Environment Use(GB/T 18921-2002)even when the HLR was as high as 10 cm/d. Hydraulic conductivity, oxidation reduction potential(ORP), the quantity of nitrifying bacteria, and the pollutant removal rate of NH3-N increased with the decrease of the R WD. For the pollutant removal rates of TP, BOD, and COD, there were no significant difference( p < 0.05) under different R WD s. The suggested R WD was 1.0. Relative contribution of the pretreatment and SWIS to the pollutant removal was examined, and more than 80% removal of NH3-N, TN, TP, COD, and BOD occurred in the SWIS.展开更多
Objective:To investigate whether Gli1 expression is important in relapse after radical operation of breast cancer.Methods:Using immunohistochemistry,Gli1 expression was analyzed in human primary breast cancer(n=284) a...Objective:To investigate whether Gli1 expression is important in relapse after radical operation of breast cancer.Methods:Using immunohistochemistry,Gli1 expression was analyzed in human primary breast cancer(n=284) and paracancerous tissues(n=20),and also in local lymph nodes(n=28) and metastatic lymph nodes(n=28).Results:Initial analysis of Gli1 expression in a small cohort of 20 breast tumors and their paracancerous tissues showed a tendency towards Gli1 overexpression in breast cancer tissues(P<0.001).Further,Gli1 expression in 284 breast cancer tissue samples was analyzed and a significant correlation was found between increased expression of nuclear Gli1 and unfavorable recurrence-free survival(RFS)(P<0.05).The nuclear expression of Gli1 in metastatic lymph nodes following relapse after radical operation was much higher than that in the local lymph nodes of primary carcinoma(P<0.05).Most interestingly,the expression of Gli1 was much higher in the interstitial tissues of the relapsed group than of the non-relapsed group(P<0.001).Conclusions:Breast cancer shows a high prevalence of Gli1 expression,which is significantly correlated with aggressive features and unfavorable RFS.Nuclear Gli1 overexpression,especially in the interstitial tissues,signified early relapse after radical operation of breast cancer.展开更多
Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Objective To produce the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against hygromycin B phosphotransferase (HPT) and to develop immunoassay based on mAbs fo...Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Objective To produce the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against hygromycin B phosphotransferase (HPT) and to develop immunoassay based on mAbs for biosafety assessment of HPT in genetically modified rice (GM rice). Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant 6His. HPT protein, and the conventional hybridoma technology was used to generate the monoclonal hybridoma cells. ELISA and Western blot were used to analyze the specificity of mAbs recognizing HPT and the cross reaction with other proteins. A double-Ab sandwich ELISA method was established to detect HPT expression level in the sck gene-modified rice plants. Results Four hybridomas, named F1, D4-2, D4-4, and D4-5, producing the mAbs against HPT were successfully obtained with the titer of ascetic mAbs ranging from 1×10-4 to 1×10-5. Identification of subclass showed that all the produced mAbs belonged to IgG1. Western blot showed specific binding reaction between the mAbs to the HPT proteins expressed in the GM rice. A double sandwich ELISA coated with anti-HPT polyclonal antibody was established with mAbs as sandwich antibody, which showed a sensitivity of 30ng/mL and did not crossreact with other proteins. The expression level of HPT in the leaves of sck-transformed lines was detected (80-150ng/mL). But HPT protein in the grain and seed of GM rice could not be detected using this ELISA assay. Conclusion Anti-HPT mAbs prepared herein have a high specificity and can be used for rapid assay of HPT antigen. The expression level of HPT in the GM rice grain and seed is lower than our ELISA detection limit.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the possible protective effects of carnosol on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: Rats were divided randomly into three experimental groups:sham, intestinal I/R ...AIM:To investigate the possible protective effects of carnosol on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: Rats were divided randomly into three experimental groups:sham, intestinal I/R and carnosol treatment (n=18 each). The intestinal I/R model was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1h. In the carnosol treatment group, surgery was performed as in the intestinal I/R group, with intraperitoneal administration of 3 mg/kg carnosol 1h before the operation. At 2, 4 and 6h after reperfusion, rats were killed and blood, intestine and liver tissue samples were obtained. Intestine and liverhistology was investigated. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured. Liver tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assayed. The liver intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were determined by immunohistochemical analysis and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Intestinal I/R induced intestine and liver injury, characterized byhistological changes, as well as a significant increase in serum AST and ALT levels. The activity of SOD in the liver tissue decreased after I/R, which was enhanced by carnosol pretreatment. In addition, compared with the control group, carnosol markedly reduced liver tissue MPO activity and serum IL-6 level, which was in parallel with the decreased level of liver ICAM-1 and NF-κB expression. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that carnosol pretreatment attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal I/R, attributable to the antioxidant effect and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the changes in apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells from patients with gastrointestinal cancers treated with arsenic trioxide(As2O3);and to study the possible molecular mechanisms of such chan...AIM:To investigate the changes in apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells from patients with gastrointestinal cancers treated with arsenic trioxide(As2O3);and to study the possible molecular mechanisms of such changes by detecting the expression levels of p53and Bcl-2.METHODS:Twenty patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma based on endoscopic and biopsy findings(ten patients with gastric cancer and ten patients with colorectal cancer)who received treatment in our hospital between August 2007 and December 2008were included in this study.None of the patients had received anti-tumour agents prior to As2O3 treatment.As2O3 was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.01g/d diluted with 5%glucose in normal saline for 2-3h for 3 consecutive days before surgery.Morphological changes associated with apoptosis of gastrointestinal cancer cells were observed by light microscopy.Changes in the apoptotic index induced by As2O3 were investigated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling method.Expression levels of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in gastrointestinal cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The apoptotic index of human gastrointestinal cancer cells was higher in cells from patients treated with As2O3 than in those not treated(P<0.05).p53 protein expression in gastrointestinal tissues was unchanged by As2O3(P>0.05).However,Bcl-2 protein expression in gastrointestinal tissues was downregulated by As2O3(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:These results demonstrate that As2O3treatment in patients with gastrointestinal cancers can induce apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells and down-regulate Bcl-2 protein expression.展开更多
The concentration of total nitrogen(TN) is reported to vary between 20 and 35 mg/L in domestic wastewater. In raw wastewater, ammonia nitrogen eNHt4-NT is the main nitrogen form, accounting for 70%e82% of the TN conce...The concentration of total nitrogen(TN) is reported to vary between 20 and 35 mg/L in domestic wastewater. In raw wastewater, ammonia nitrogen eNHt4-NT is the main nitrogen form, accounting for 70%e82% of the TN concentration. Organic nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen eNOà2-NT,and nitrate nitrogen eNOà3-NT are present as well. For years, due to the lack of regulatory limits on nitrogen concentration in surface waters,nitrogen from secondary effluent has posed a significant threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. Researchers have made substantial efforts to reduce the nitrogen concentration in secondary effluent. As a kind of advanced wastewater treatment technology, the subsurface infiltration(SI)system has been widely used, owing to its advantages, which include low operation cost, easy maintenance, and low energy consumption. This review discusses the fate of various forms of nitrogen in SI treatment, including organic nitrogen, NHt4-N, NOà2-N, and NOà3-N. Major biological processes involved in nitrogen removal and the main factors influencing its transformation are suggested. Finally, it is shown that ammonification followed by nitrification-denitrification plays a major role in nitrogen removal. Further research needs to focus on the emission characteristics of gaseous nitrogen(generated from the nitrification, denitrification, and completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite(CANON) processes) with respect to their greenhouse effects.展开更多
Objective: To understand the health status of transitional resettlement sites and the needs of residents on health education, and to pro-vide basis for conducting health education after ear- thquakes and other public ...Objective: To understand the health status of transitional resettlement sites and the needs of residents on health education, and to pro-vide basis for conducting health education after ear- thquakes and other public emergen-cies. Method: From May 31 to June 2, 2008 (19 to 21 days after the earthquake), field obser-vation, questionnaire survey, and structured interviews were conducted in five transitional resettlement sites. Information on health status, health service, health education, and residents’ needs on health education was col-lected. Results: 430 questionnaires were dis-tributed and 424 valid completed ones were returned. Food and water were adequately supplied. Clinics for health assistance were established and environment disinfecting was conducted regularly by public health profes-sionals. Health education was available to residents. The large proportion (98.6%, 97.9%, 88.7%, and 93.2% respectively) of the residents acknowledged that water supply, food supply, lavatories, and health service were adequate to fulfill basic needs. The overall disease in-cidence of surveyed residents was 44.8%, and diarrhea and fever with respiratory symptoms were the most common diseases. Among residents’ needs on disease prevention knowl-edge and skills, basic knowledge of infectious diseases was most desirable (49.8%), and safety knowledge of water uses was secon-darily most desirable (36.8%). The most fa-vored approach of obtaining knowledge was watching television. Conclusions: In the pe-riod of 20 days after the earthquake, Living security, health facilities, and health care ser-vice could satisfy residents’ basic needs. Post-disaster health education should con-centrate on basic knowledge and skills of communicable diseases and health- risky be-havior. Timely distributing disease prevention materials could be effective.展开更多
Background:The eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is known to be more sensitive to corticosteroid.The sputum microbiome has been shown to affect COPD prognosis,but its role in acute exacerbations ...Background:The eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is known to be more sensitive to corticosteroid.The sputum microbiome has been shown to affect COPD prognosis,but its role in acute exacerbations of eosinophilic COPD is unclear.This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of the airway microbiome in patients with acute exacerbations of eosinophilic COPD.Methods:Fifty-seven patients with acute exacerbations of COPD from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between June 2017 and June 2018 were divided into two groups.Patients with eosinophils≥300 cells/mL in the peripheral venous blood were assigned to the eosinophilic group(Eos)and the rest to the non-eosinophilic group(Noneos).All patients received similar treatment including inhaled budesonide according to the guidelines.The induced sputum microbiome was analyzed on the 1st and 7th day of treatment using the 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)method.The levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8 were measured in the plasma and the sensitivity to corticosteroids was determined in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Quantitative data were compared between the two groups using the independent samples t test or Mann-Whitney U test.Categorical data were evaluated using Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.Results:Twenty-six patients were classified into Eos group and 31 patients were classified into Noneos group.Prior to treatment,the alpha diversity(Shannon index)(2.65±0.63 vs.2.56±0.54,t=0.328,P=0.747)and the structure of the sputum microbiome were similar in the Eos group and the Noneos group.After 7 days of treatment,alpha diversity increased in both groups,while the microbiome richness(Ace index)was significantly lower in the Eos group(561.87±109.13 vs.767.88±148.48,t=-3.535,P=0.002).At the same time,IL-6(12.09±2.85 pg/mL vs.15.54±2.45 pg/mL,t=-4.913,P<0.001)and IL-8(63.64±21.69 pg/mL vs.78.97±17.13 pg/mL,t=-2.981,P=0.004)decreased more significantly in the Eos group,and the percentages of inhibition of IL-8 at dexamethasone concentrations 10-8 to 10-6 mol/L were significantly higher in the Eos group than those in the Noneos group(all P<0.05).Conclusions:The induced sputum microbiome richness decreased more significantly following treatment in the Eos patients compared to the Noneos patients.The lower plasma inflammatory factor levels and the higher percentage of inhibition of IL-8 might be due to higher corticosteroid sensitivity in Eos patients.展开更多
The construction of confidence intervals for quantiles of a population under a associated sample is studied by using the blockwise technique. It is shown that the blockwise empirical likelihood(EL) ratio statistic is ...The construction of confidence intervals for quantiles of a population under a associated sample is studied by using the blockwise technique. It is shown that the blockwise empirical likelihood(EL) ratio statistic is asymptotically χ2-type distributed, which is used to obtain EL-based confidence intervals for quantiles of a population.展开更多
Suppose that we have a partially linear model Yi=x′iβ+g(ti)+εi with independent zero mean errorsεi,where{xi,ti,i=1,···,n}are non-random and observed completely and{Yi,i=1,···,n}are mi...Suppose that we have a partially linear model Yi=x′iβ+g(ti)+εi with independent zero mean errorsεi,where{xi,ti,i=1,···,n}are non-random and observed completely and{Yi,i=1,···,n}are missing at random(MAR).Two types of estimators ofβand g(t)for fixed t are investigated:estimators based on semiparametric regression and inverse probability weighted imputations.Asymptotic normality of the estimators is established,which is used to construct normal approximation based confidence intervals onβand g(t).Results are reported of a simulation study on the finite sample performance of the estimators and confidence intervals proposed in this paper.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51108275)the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in Universities(LNET)(Grant No.LJQ2012101)+2 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities(Grant No.NCET-11-1012)the Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province(Grants No.2011229002 and2013229012)the Basic Science Research Fund in Northeastern University(Grants No.N130501001 and N140105003)
文摘In order to enhance the hydraulic loading rate(HLR) of a subsurface wastewater infiltration system(SWIS) used in treating domestic sewage,the intermittent operation mode was employed in the SWIS. The results show that the intermittent operation mode contributes to the improvement of the HLR and the pollutant removal rate. When the wetting-drying ratio(R WD) was 1.0, the pollutant removal rate increased by(13.6 ± 0.3)% for NH3-N,(20.7 ± 1.1)% for TN,(18.6 ± 0.4)% for TP,(12.2 ± 0.5)% for BOD,(10.1 ± 0.3)% for COD, and(36.2 ± 1.2)% for SS, compared with pollutant removal rates under the continuous operation mode. The pollutant removal rate declined with the increase of the HLR. The effluent quality met The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water e Water Quality Standard for Scenic Environment Use(GB/T 18921-2002)even when the HLR was as high as 10 cm/d. Hydraulic conductivity, oxidation reduction potential(ORP), the quantity of nitrifying bacteria, and the pollutant removal rate of NH3-N increased with the decrease of the R WD. For the pollutant removal rates of TP, BOD, and COD, there were no significant difference( p < 0.05) under different R WD s. The suggested R WD was 1.0. Relative contribution of the pretreatment and SWIS to the pollutant removal was examined, and more than 80% removal of NH3-N, TN, TP, COD, and BOD occurred in the SWIS.
文摘Objective:To investigate whether Gli1 expression is important in relapse after radical operation of breast cancer.Methods:Using immunohistochemistry,Gli1 expression was analyzed in human primary breast cancer(n=284) and paracancerous tissues(n=20),and also in local lymph nodes(n=28) and metastatic lymph nodes(n=28).Results:Initial analysis of Gli1 expression in a small cohort of 20 breast tumors and their paracancerous tissues showed a tendency towards Gli1 overexpression in breast cancer tissues(P<0.001).Further,Gli1 expression in 284 breast cancer tissue samples was analyzed and a significant correlation was found between increased expression of nuclear Gli1 and unfavorable recurrence-free survival(RFS)(P<0.05).The nuclear expression of Gli1 in metastatic lymph nodes following relapse after radical operation was much higher than that in the local lymph nodes of primary carcinoma(P<0.05).Most interestingly,the expression of Gli1 was much higher in the interstitial tissues of the relapsed group than of the non-relapsed group(P<0.001).Conclusions:Breast cancer shows a high prevalence of Gli1 expression,which is significantly correlated with aggressive features and unfavorable RFS.Nuclear Gli1 overexpression,especially in the interstitial tissues,signified early relapse after radical operation of breast cancer.
基金This work was supported by 973 National Fundamental Science Program Funds (2001CB109007 and 2001CB10901)and 863 National High-Tech Program Funds (2004AA212221 and 2002AA212041).
文摘Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Objective To produce the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against hygromycin B phosphotransferase (HPT) and to develop immunoassay based on mAbs for biosafety assessment of HPT in genetically modified rice (GM rice). Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant 6His. HPT protein, and the conventional hybridoma technology was used to generate the monoclonal hybridoma cells. ELISA and Western blot were used to analyze the specificity of mAbs recognizing HPT and the cross reaction with other proteins. A double-Ab sandwich ELISA method was established to detect HPT expression level in the sck gene-modified rice plants. Results Four hybridomas, named F1, D4-2, D4-4, and D4-5, producing the mAbs against HPT were successfully obtained with the titer of ascetic mAbs ranging from 1×10-4 to 1×10-5. Identification of subclass showed that all the produced mAbs belonged to IgG1. Western blot showed specific binding reaction between the mAbs to the HPT proteins expressed in the GM rice. A double sandwich ELISA coated with anti-HPT polyclonal antibody was established with mAbs as sandwich antibody, which showed a sensitivity of 30ng/mL and did not crossreact with other proteins. The expression level of HPT in the leaves of sck-transformed lines was detected (80-150ng/mL). But HPT protein in the grain and seed of GM rice could not be detected using this ELISA assay. Conclusion Anti-HPT mAbs prepared herein have a high specificity and can be used for rapid assay of HPT antigen. The expression level of HPT in the GM rice grain and seed is lower than our ELISA detection limit.
基金Supported by The grants from the Dalian Scientific Research Foundation,No.2004 B3SF 143,No.2007 J21JH006National Natural Science Foundation,No.30872449
文摘AIM:To investigate the possible protective effects of carnosol on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: Rats were divided randomly into three experimental groups:sham, intestinal I/R and carnosol treatment (n=18 each). The intestinal I/R model was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1h. In the carnosol treatment group, surgery was performed as in the intestinal I/R group, with intraperitoneal administration of 3 mg/kg carnosol 1h before the operation. At 2, 4 and 6h after reperfusion, rats were killed and blood, intestine and liver tissue samples were obtained. Intestine and liverhistology was investigated. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured. Liver tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assayed. The liver intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were determined by immunohistochemical analysis and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Intestinal I/R induced intestine and liver injury, characterized byhistological changes, as well as a significant increase in serum AST and ALT levels. The activity of SOD in the liver tissue decreased after I/R, which was enhanced by carnosol pretreatment. In addition, compared with the control group, carnosol markedly reduced liver tissue MPO activity and serum IL-6 level, which was in parallel with the decreased level of liver ICAM-1 and NF-κB expression. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that carnosol pretreatment attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal I/R, attributable to the antioxidant effect and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
基金Supported by The Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.D2006-51
文摘AIM:To investigate the changes in apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells from patients with gastrointestinal cancers treated with arsenic trioxide(As2O3);and to study the possible molecular mechanisms of such changes by detecting the expression levels of p53and Bcl-2.METHODS:Twenty patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma based on endoscopic and biopsy findings(ten patients with gastric cancer and ten patients with colorectal cancer)who received treatment in our hospital between August 2007 and December 2008were included in this study.None of the patients had received anti-tumour agents prior to As2O3 treatment.As2O3 was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.01g/d diluted with 5%glucose in normal saline for 2-3h for 3 consecutive days before surgery.Morphological changes associated with apoptosis of gastrointestinal cancer cells were observed by light microscopy.Changes in the apoptotic index induced by As2O3 were investigated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling method.Expression levels of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in gastrointestinal cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The apoptotic index of human gastrointestinal cancer cells was higher in cells from patients treated with As2O3 than in those not treated(P<0.05).p53 protein expression in gastrointestinal tissues was unchanged by As2O3(P>0.05).However,Bcl-2 protein expression in gastrointestinal tissues was downregulated by As2O3(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:These results demonstrate that As2O3treatment in patients with gastrointestinal cancers can induce apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells and down-regulate Bcl-2 protein expression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41571455 and 51578115)the Basic Science Research Fund of Northeastern University(Grant No.N160104004)
文摘The concentration of total nitrogen(TN) is reported to vary between 20 and 35 mg/L in domestic wastewater. In raw wastewater, ammonia nitrogen eNHt4-NT is the main nitrogen form, accounting for 70%e82% of the TN concentration. Organic nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen eNOà2-NT,and nitrate nitrogen eNOà3-NT are present as well. For years, due to the lack of regulatory limits on nitrogen concentration in surface waters,nitrogen from secondary effluent has posed a significant threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. Researchers have made substantial efforts to reduce the nitrogen concentration in secondary effluent. As a kind of advanced wastewater treatment technology, the subsurface infiltration(SI)system has been widely used, owing to its advantages, which include low operation cost, easy maintenance, and low energy consumption. This review discusses the fate of various forms of nitrogen in SI treatment, including organic nitrogen, NHt4-N, NOà2-N, and NOà3-N. Major biological processes involved in nitrogen removal and the main factors influencing its transformation are suggested. Finally, it is shown that ammonification followed by nitrification-denitrification plays a major role in nitrogen removal. Further research needs to focus on the emission characteristics of gaseous nitrogen(generated from the nitrification, denitrification, and completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite(CANON) processes) with respect to their greenhouse effects.
文摘Objective: To understand the health status of transitional resettlement sites and the needs of residents on health education, and to pro-vide basis for conducting health education after ear- thquakes and other public emergen-cies. Method: From May 31 to June 2, 2008 (19 to 21 days after the earthquake), field obser-vation, questionnaire survey, and structured interviews were conducted in five transitional resettlement sites. Information on health status, health service, health education, and residents’ needs on health education was col-lected. Results: 430 questionnaires were dis-tributed and 424 valid completed ones were returned. Food and water were adequately supplied. Clinics for health assistance were established and environment disinfecting was conducted regularly by public health profes-sionals. Health education was available to residents. The large proportion (98.6%, 97.9%, 88.7%, and 93.2% respectively) of the residents acknowledged that water supply, food supply, lavatories, and health service were adequate to fulfill basic needs. The overall disease in-cidence of surveyed residents was 44.8%, and diarrhea and fever with respiratory symptoms were the most common diseases. Among residents’ needs on disease prevention knowl-edge and skills, basic knowledge of infectious diseases was most desirable (49.8%), and safety knowledge of water uses was secon-darily most desirable (36.8%). The most fa-vored approach of obtaining knowledge was watching television. Conclusions: In the pe-riod of 20 days after the earthquake, Living security, health facilities, and health care ser-vice could satisfy residents’ basic needs. Post-disaster health education should con-centrate on basic knowledge and skills of communicable diseases and health- risky be-havior. Timely distributing disease prevention materials could be effective.
基金supported by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program of the Department of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(No.GuikeAB17292044)China Soong Ching Ling Foundation Respiratory Disease Clinical Research Public Welfare Fund 2018 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Special Project(No.2018MZFZY-001).
文摘Background:The eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is known to be more sensitive to corticosteroid.The sputum microbiome has been shown to affect COPD prognosis,but its role in acute exacerbations of eosinophilic COPD is unclear.This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of the airway microbiome in patients with acute exacerbations of eosinophilic COPD.Methods:Fifty-seven patients with acute exacerbations of COPD from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between June 2017 and June 2018 were divided into two groups.Patients with eosinophils≥300 cells/mL in the peripheral venous blood were assigned to the eosinophilic group(Eos)and the rest to the non-eosinophilic group(Noneos).All patients received similar treatment including inhaled budesonide according to the guidelines.The induced sputum microbiome was analyzed on the 1st and 7th day of treatment using the 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)method.The levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8 were measured in the plasma and the sensitivity to corticosteroids was determined in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Quantitative data were compared between the two groups using the independent samples t test or Mann-Whitney U test.Categorical data were evaluated using Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.Results:Twenty-six patients were classified into Eos group and 31 patients were classified into Noneos group.Prior to treatment,the alpha diversity(Shannon index)(2.65±0.63 vs.2.56±0.54,t=0.328,P=0.747)and the structure of the sputum microbiome were similar in the Eos group and the Noneos group.After 7 days of treatment,alpha diversity increased in both groups,while the microbiome richness(Ace index)was significantly lower in the Eos group(561.87±109.13 vs.767.88±148.48,t=-3.535,P=0.002).At the same time,IL-6(12.09±2.85 pg/mL vs.15.54±2.45 pg/mL,t=-4.913,P<0.001)and IL-8(63.64±21.69 pg/mL vs.78.97±17.13 pg/mL,t=-2.981,P=0.004)decreased more significantly in the Eos group,and the percentages of inhibition of IL-8 at dexamethasone concentrations 10-8 to 10-6 mol/L were significantly higher in the Eos group than those in the Noneos group(all P<0.05).Conclusions:The induced sputum microbiome richness decreased more significantly following treatment in the Eos patients compared to the Noneos patients.The lower plasma inflammatory factor levels and the higher percentage of inhibition of IL-8 might be due to higher corticosteroid sensitivity in Eos patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11271088,11201088,11361011)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(N0.2013GXNSFAA019004,2013GXNSFAA019007,2013GXNSFBA019001)+1 种基金the New Century Ten,Hundred and Thousand Talents Project of Guangxithe Youth Foundation of Guangxi Normal University
文摘The construction of confidence intervals for quantiles of a population under a associated sample is studied by using the blockwise technique. It is shown that the blockwise empirical likelihood(EL) ratio statistic is asymptotically χ2-type distributed, which is used to obtain EL-based confidence intervals for quantiles of a population.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11271088,11361011,11201088)Guangxi"Bagui Scholar"Special Project Foundationthe Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(No.2013GXNS-FAA019004,2013GXNSFAA019007,2013GXNSFBA019001)
文摘Suppose that we have a partially linear model Yi=x′iβ+g(ti)+εi with independent zero mean errorsεi,where{xi,ti,i=1,···,n}are non-random and observed completely and{Yi,i=1,···,n}are missing at random(MAR).Two types of estimators ofβand g(t)for fixed t are investigated:estimators based on semiparametric regression and inverse probability weighted imputations.Asymptotic normality of the estimators is established,which is used to construct normal approximation based confidence intervals onβand g(t).Results are reported of a simulation study on the finite sample performance of the estimators and confidence intervals proposed in this paper.
