Painful stimuli elicit first-line reflexive defensive reactions and,in many cases,also evoke second-line recuperative behaviors,the latter of which reflects the sensing of tissue damage and the alleviation of sufferin...Painful stimuli elicit first-line reflexive defensive reactions and,in many cases,also evoke second-line recuperative behaviors,the latter of which reflects the sensing of tissue damage and the alleviation of suffering.The lateral parabrachial nucleus(lPBN),composed of external-(elPBN),dorsal-(dlPBN),and central/superior-subnuclei(jointly referred to as slPBN),receives sensory inputs from spinal projection neurons and plays important roles in processing affective information from external threats and body integrity disruption.However,the organizational rules of lPBN neurons that provoke diverse behaviors in response to different painful stimuli from cutaneous and deep tissues remain unclear.In this study,we used region-specific neuronal depletion or silencing approaches combined with a battery of behavioral assays to show that slPBN neurons expressing substance P receptor(NK1R)(lPBNNK1R)are crucial for driving pain-associated self-care behaviors evoked by sustained noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli applied to skin or bone/muscle,while elPBN neurons are dispensable for driving such reactions.Notably,lPBNNK1R neurons are specifically required for forming sustained somatic pain-induced negative teaching signals and aversive memory but are not necessary for fear-learning or escape behaviors elicited by external threats.Lastly,both lPBNNK1R and elPBN neurons contribute to chemical irritant-induced nocifensive reactions.Our results reveal the functional organization of parabrachial substrates that drive distinct behavioral outcomes in response to sustained pain versus external danger under physiological conditions.展开更多
AIM: To examine the effect of Weichang'an(WCA) and 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu) on colorectal tumor and hepatic metastasis in a mouse model. METHODS: Quantitative determination of hesperidin, the effective component in WC...AIM: To examine the effect of Weichang'an(WCA) and 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu) on colorectal tumor and hepatic metastasis in a mouse model. METHODS: Quantitative determination of hesperidin, the effective component in WCA decoction, was performed using Hp LC. In vitro cytotoxicity of WCA was determined by treating HCT-116 cells with WCA diluents or serum extracted from rats that received WCA by oral gavage for 1 wk and MTT assays. Forty-eight nude mice received cecum implantation with tumor blocks subcutaneously amplified from human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. Mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups: control(CON), WCA, 5-Fu and combination(WCA + 5-Fu). pathological examination of tumors consisted of tissue sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tumor weight and size were measured, and the number of metastatic l e s i o n s wa s c o u n t e d. S e r u m c a r c i n o e m b r yo n i c antigen(CEA) level was determined by ELISA. The expression levels of tumor genesis and metastasisrelated proteins β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase(MMp)-7 were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RTp CR), immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Cell fractionation was used to investigate intracellular distribution of β-catenin.RESULTS: parenchymal tumors were palpable in the abdomens of nude mice 2 wk post-implantation and orthotopic tumor formation rate was 100% in all groups. 5-Fu treatment alone significantly decreased tumor weight compared to the CON group(1.203 ± 0.284 g vs 1.804 ± 0.649 g, p < 0.01). WCA treatment alone reduced the rate of metastasis(50% vs 100%,p < 0.05). Combination treatment of WCA + 5-Fu was the most effective, reducing the tumor weight(1.140 ± 0.464 g vs 1.804 ± 0.649 g, p < 0.01) and size(1493.438 ± 740.906 mm3 vs 2180.259 ± 816.556 mm3, p < 0.05), the rate of metastases(40% vs 100%, p < 0.01), and serum CEA levels(31.263 ± 7.421 μg/L vs 43.040 ± 11.273 μg/L, p < 0.05). Expression of β-catenin and MMp-7 was decreased in drug-treated groups compared to controls, as detected using realtime quantitative RT-p CR, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, respectively. Cell fractionation assays revealed that nuclear translocation of β-catenin was reduced by WCA and/or 5-Fu treatments. CONCLUSION: Combination of WCA with 5-Fu significantly inhibited colon tumor growth and hepatic metastases. Decreased expression of β-catenin and MMp-7 may be important.展开更多
Differences between Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients in China and Western countries are known to exist, but data on Chinese patients with HL are limited. It is not clear whether there are clinical and histological...Differences between Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients in China and Western countries are known to exist, but data on Chinese patients with HL are limited. It is not clear whether there are clinical and histological differences in patients with HL involving different extranodal sites. This is the first study to analyze Chinese patients with HL involving different extranodal sites. We selected 22 HL patients with extranodal involvement from more than 250 previously untreated HL patients. Most patients were young males, and 20 of the 22 patients had stage IV disease. The major pathologic types were nodular sclerosis classical HL (NSCHL) and mixed cellularity classical HL(MCCHL). At diagnosis, the most commonly involved extranodal sites were the liver and lung, followed by the bones. There was no significant association between the international prognostic score(IPS) and survival in patients with different extranodal sites. Our data showed the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of low-risk group (IPS = 0-2) were relatively higher than those of high-risk group (IPS ≥ 3), but the IPS did not show predictive power for survival. Although HL with extranodal involvement is rare, it should be considered as a unique form of HL.展开更多
As the main inorganic component of human bones and teeth,hydroxyapatite(HAP)materials have been widely investigated for various applications especially in the biomedical field.Recently,HAP nanowires(HAP NWs)have attra...As the main inorganic component of human bones and teeth,hydroxyapatite(HAP)materials have been widely investigated for various applications especially in the biomedical field.Recently,HAP nanowires(HAP NWs)have attracted research interest in the energy and environment-related fields owing to their advantages such as excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity,high-thermal stability,surface modification and functionalization,and selfassembly to form nanoscale porous networked structure.In this review,we first briefly discuss the synthesis of HAP NWs.Then we focus on summarizing the foremost advances in energy and environment-related applications of HAP NWs,including the battery,solar energy-assisted water evaporation,light-driven self-propelled device,thermal insulation,fireresistant inorganic paper,water purification,air purification,molecular detection,superhydrophobic surface,and high-strength nanocomposite materials.In addition,the future research directions on HAP NWs and their energy and environmental applications are proposed.This review aims to provide inspiration and stimulate extensive future studies in the energy and environmental applications of HAP NWs and other inorganic NWs.展开更多
Calcium phosphates are a family of compounds with different chemical compositions, structures and properties containing calcium ions and functional groups of orthophosphate （ pO34- ）, metaphosphate （ PO3- ） or pyr...Calcium phosphates are a family of compounds with different chemical compositions, structures and properties containing calcium ions and functional groups of orthophosphate （ pO34- ）, metaphosphate （ PO3- ） or pyrophosphate （ P2O4-7 ） and sometimes hydrogen or hydroxide ions. Calcium phosphates can be widely found in nature as well as in hard tissues （bone and tooth） of the vertebrate. Owing to similar chemical composition and structure to the main inorganic constituents of bone and tooth, calcium phosphate-based materials are promising biomaterials with high biocompatibility, and have been investigated for applications in various biomedical areas. Calcium silicate-based materials have attracted much attention on their potential applications in various biomedical fields such as bone de- fect repair and drug delivery. In recent years, this research group has been focusing on the research in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field, and has published many papers. This article will provide a brief review on our main research work on the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of nanostructured materials of calcium phosphates and calcium silicates. Finally, future perspectives and challenges for the research and applica- tions of nanostructured materials of calcium phosphates and calcium silicates are discussed.展开更多
The synthetic hydrogels with high water contents are promising for various applications,however,they usually exhibit low mechanical properties.In this work,inspired by the natural biological soft tissues,whose hierarc...The synthetic hydrogels with high water contents are promising for various applications,however,they usually exhibit low mechanical properties.In this work,inspired by the natural biological soft tissues,whose hierarchically ordered fibrous structures result in high strength and good flexibility,a flexible,high-strength,and versatile hydrogel with the fiberboard-and-mortar hierarchically ordered structure(HFMOS)is developed based on ultralong hydroxyapatite(HAP)nanowires and polyacrylic acid(PAA).The as-prepared HFMOS hydrogel has a high water content(~70 wt.%),dense structure,and excellent mechanical properties,and these properties are similar to those of the human cartilage and are superior to many hydrogels reported in the literature.The excellent mechanical properties of the HFMOS hydrogel originate from the combination of the fiberboard-and-mortar hierarchically ordered structure,reinforcement of ultralong HAP nanowires,strong interfacial strength,and multiple energy dissipation pathways.Moreover,thanks to the controllable components and injection procedure,the HFMOS hydrogel with a Janus structure is prepared for particular applications.The HFMOS hydrogel possesses abundant ordered water channels,and can be used for loading,release,and directed delivery of various functional substances.Thus,the as-prepared flexible,high-strength,and versatile HFMOS hydrogel possesses a great potential for various applications such as water purification,pollution treatment,biomedicine,nanofluidic devices,and high-performance structural materials.展开更多
Paper was one of the greatest inventions in ancient China,and it greatly promoted the rapid development of human civilization.Even in today's electronic information age,paper and paper-derived products are still i...Paper was one of the greatest inventions in ancient China,and it greatly promoted the rapid development of human civilization.Even in today's electronic information age,paper and paper-derived products are still indispensable to people's daily work and life.However;the traditional paper based on cellulose fibers from plants has some problems.For instance:(1)papermaking consumes a large amount of precious natural resources such as trees;(2)the papermaking industry causes environmental pollution;(3)the traditional paper consisting of organic cellulose fibers is highly flammable and easy to burn;(4)the traditional paper based on cellulose fibers turns to yellow color with time;(5)the lifetime of the traditional paper is relatively short because of the degradation of cellulose fibers.More efforts are needed to investigate and solve these problems facing the traditional paper.In recent years,a new kind of multifunctional fire-resistant paper based on ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires has been developed and investigated for various applications,and many research findings have been documented in the literature.This review article provides a comprehensive summary and discussion on recent research advances for this new kind of multifunctional fire-resistant paper based on ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires,including the synthesis,properties,applications,and future perspectives.展开更多
基金supported by the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction (ZDSYS20190902093601675)CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation (2019DP173024)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (82274358)Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceGuangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2023B1515040009)
文摘Painful stimuli elicit first-line reflexive defensive reactions and,in many cases,also evoke second-line recuperative behaviors,the latter of which reflects the sensing of tissue damage and the alleviation of suffering.The lateral parabrachial nucleus(lPBN),composed of external-(elPBN),dorsal-(dlPBN),and central/superior-subnuclei(jointly referred to as slPBN),receives sensory inputs from spinal projection neurons and plays important roles in processing affective information from external threats and body integrity disruption.However,the organizational rules of lPBN neurons that provoke diverse behaviors in response to different painful stimuli from cutaneous and deep tissues remain unclear.In this study,we used region-specific neuronal depletion or silencing approaches combined with a battery of behavioral assays to show that slPBN neurons expressing substance P receptor(NK1R)(lPBNNK1R)are crucial for driving pain-associated self-care behaviors evoked by sustained noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli applied to skin or bone/muscle,while elPBN neurons are dispensable for driving such reactions.Notably,lPBNNK1R neurons are specifically required for forming sustained somatic pain-induced negative teaching signals and aversive memory but are not necessary for fear-learning or escape behaviors elicited by external threats.Lastly,both lPBNNK1R and elPBN neurons contribute to chemical irritant-induced nocifensive reactions.Our results reveal the functional organization of parabrachial substrates that drive distinct behavioral outcomes in response to sustained pain versus external danger under physiological conditions.
基金Supported by Natural Science Research Fund of Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineBudgetary Scientific Research Project of the Education Commission of Shanghai"The impact of Weichang’an decoction onβ-catenin/MMP7 signaling pathway in nude mice with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer:a study on the molecular mechanism",No.2011JW33Young Talent Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning"Efficacy Evaluation of combined therapy with TCM and western medicine for the treatment of hepatic metastasis from unresectable colorectal cancer",No.20134y141
文摘AIM: To examine the effect of Weichang'an(WCA) and 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu) on colorectal tumor and hepatic metastasis in a mouse model. METHODS: Quantitative determination of hesperidin, the effective component in WCA decoction, was performed using Hp LC. In vitro cytotoxicity of WCA was determined by treating HCT-116 cells with WCA diluents or serum extracted from rats that received WCA by oral gavage for 1 wk and MTT assays. Forty-eight nude mice received cecum implantation with tumor blocks subcutaneously amplified from human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. Mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups: control(CON), WCA, 5-Fu and combination(WCA + 5-Fu). pathological examination of tumors consisted of tissue sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tumor weight and size were measured, and the number of metastatic l e s i o n s wa s c o u n t e d. S e r u m c a r c i n o e m b r yo n i c antigen(CEA) level was determined by ELISA. The expression levels of tumor genesis and metastasisrelated proteins β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase(MMp)-7 were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RTp CR), immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Cell fractionation was used to investigate intracellular distribution of β-catenin.RESULTS: parenchymal tumors were palpable in the abdomens of nude mice 2 wk post-implantation and orthotopic tumor formation rate was 100% in all groups. 5-Fu treatment alone significantly decreased tumor weight compared to the CON group(1.203 ± 0.284 g vs 1.804 ± 0.649 g, p < 0.01). WCA treatment alone reduced the rate of metastasis(50% vs 100%,p < 0.05). Combination treatment of WCA + 5-Fu was the most effective, reducing the tumor weight(1.140 ± 0.464 g vs 1.804 ± 0.649 g, p < 0.01) and size(1493.438 ± 740.906 mm3 vs 2180.259 ± 816.556 mm3, p < 0.05), the rate of metastases(40% vs 100%, p < 0.01), and serum CEA levels(31.263 ± 7.421 μg/L vs 43.040 ± 11.273 μg/L, p < 0.05). Expression of β-catenin and MMp-7 was decreased in drug-treated groups compared to controls, as detected using realtime quantitative RT-p CR, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, respectively. Cell fractionation assays revealed that nuclear translocation of β-catenin was reduced by WCA and/or 5-Fu treatments. CONCLUSION: Combination of WCA with 5-Fu significantly inhibited colon tumor growth and hepatic metastases. Decreased expression of β-catenin and MMp-7 may be important.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81071950)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.10ykpy36)+1 种基金National Eleventh Five-yearTech-nology Major Project(No.2008ZX09312-002,2012ZX09301)Research Award Funds for Outstanding Young Researchersin Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center
文摘Differences between Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients in China and Western countries are known to exist, but data on Chinese patients with HL are limited. It is not clear whether there are clinical and histological differences in patients with HL involving different extranodal sites. This is the first study to analyze Chinese patients with HL involving different extranodal sites. We selected 22 HL patients with extranodal involvement from more than 250 previously untreated HL patients. Most patients were young males, and 20 of the 22 patients had stage IV disease. The major pathologic types were nodular sclerosis classical HL (NSCHL) and mixed cellularity classical HL(MCCHL). At diagnosis, the most commonly involved extranodal sites were the liver and lung, followed by the bones. There was no significant association between the international prognostic score(IPS) and survival in patients with different extranodal sites. Our data showed the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of low-risk group (IPS = 0-2) were relatively higher than those of high-risk group (IPS ≥ 3), but the IPS did not show predictive power for survival. Although HL with extranodal involvement is rare, it should be considered as a unique form of HL.
基金Financial support from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875277)
文摘As the main inorganic component of human bones and teeth,hydroxyapatite(HAP)materials have been widely investigated for various applications especially in the biomedical field.Recently,HAP nanowires(HAP NWs)have attracted research interest in the energy and environment-related fields owing to their advantages such as excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity,high-thermal stability,surface modification and functionalization,and selfassembly to form nanoscale porous networked structure.In this review,we first briefly discuss the synthesis of HAP NWs.Then we focus on summarizing the foremost advances in energy and environment-related applications of HAP NWs,including the battery,solar energy-assisted water evaporation,light-driven self-propelled device,thermal insulation,fireresistant inorganic paper,water purification,air purification,molecular detection,superhydrophobic surface,and high-strength nanocomposite materials.In addition,the future research directions on HAP NWs and their energy and environmental applications are proposed.This review aims to provide inspiration and stimulate extensive future studies in the energy and environmental applications of HAP NWs and other inorganic NWs.
文摘Calcium phosphates are a family of compounds with different chemical compositions, structures and properties containing calcium ions and functional groups of orthophosphate （ pO34- ）, metaphosphate （ PO3- ） or pyrophosphate （ P2O4-7 ） and sometimes hydrogen or hydroxide ions. Calcium phosphates can be widely found in nature as well as in hard tissues （bone and tooth） of the vertebrate. Owing to similar chemical composition and structure to the main inorganic constituents of bone and tooth, calcium phosphate-based materials are promising biomaterials with high biocompatibility, and have been investigated for applications in various biomedical areas. Calcium silicate-based materials have attracted much attention on their potential applications in various biomedical fields such as bone de- fect repair and drug delivery. In recent years, this research group has been focusing on the research in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field, and has published many papers. This article will provide a brief review on our main research work on the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of nanostructured materials of calcium phosphates and calcium silicates. Finally, future perspectives and challenges for the research and applica- tions of nanostructured materials of calcium phosphates and calcium silicates are discussed.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21875277).
文摘The synthetic hydrogels with high water contents are promising for various applications,however,they usually exhibit low mechanical properties.In this work,inspired by the natural biological soft tissues,whose hierarchically ordered fibrous structures result in high strength and good flexibility,a flexible,high-strength,and versatile hydrogel with the fiberboard-and-mortar hierarchically ordered structure(HFMOS)is developed based on ultralong hydroxyapatite(HAP)nanowires and polyacrylic acid(PAA).The as-prepared HFMOS hydrogel has a high water content(~70 wt.%),dense structure,and excellent mechanical properties,and these properties are similar to those of the human cartilage and are superior to many hydrogels reported in the literature.The excellent mechanical properties of the HFMOS hydrogel originate from the combination of the fiberboard-and-mortar hierarchically ordered structure,reinforcement of ultralong HAP nanowires,strong interfacial strength,and multiple energy dissipation pathways.Moreover,thanks to the controllable components and injection procedure,the HFMOS hydrogel with a Janus structure is prepared for particular applications.The HFMOS hydrogel possesses abundant ordered water channels,and can be used for loading,release,and directed delivery of various functional substances.Thus,the as-prepared flexible,high-strength,and versatile HFMOS hydrogel possesses a great potential for various applications such as water purification,pollution treatment,biomedicine,nanofluidic devices,and high-performance structural materials.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875277)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Paper was one of the greatest inventions in ancient China,and it greatly promoted the rapid development of human civilization.Even in today's electronic information age,paper and paper-derived products are still indispensable to people's daily work and life.However;the traditional paper based on cellulose fibers from plants has some problems.For instance:(1)papermaking consumes a large amount of precious natural resources such as trees;(2)the papermaking industry causes environmental pollution;(3)the traditional paper consisting of organic cellulose fibers is highly flammable and easy to burn;(4)the traditional paper based on cellulose fibers turns to yellow color with time;(5)the lifetime of the traditional paper is relatively short because of the degradation of cellulose fibers.More efforts are needed to investigate and solve these problems facing the traditional paper.In recent years,a new kind of multifunctional fire-resistant paper based on ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires has been developed and investigated for various applications,and many research findings have been documented in the literature.This review article provides a comprehensive summary and discussion on recent research advances for this new kind of multifunctional fire-resistant paper based on ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires,including the synthesis,properties,applications,and future perspectives.
