Photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation is a promising approach to address the environmental pollution and energy crisis.In this work,we present a hybridized mechanical and solar energy-driven selfpowered hydrogen pr...Photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation is a promising approach to address the environmental pollution and energy crisis.In this work,we present a hybridized mechanical and solar energy-driven selfpowered hydrogen production system.A rotatory disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator was employed to harvest mechanical energy from water and functions as a su cient external power source.WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode was synthesized in a PEC water-splitting cell to produce H2.After transformation and rectification,the peak current reaches 0.1 m A at the rotation speed of 60 rpm.In this case,the H2 evolution process only occurs with sunlight irradiation.When the rotation speed is over 130 rpm,the peak photocurrent and peak dark current have nearly equal value.Direct electrolysis of water is almost simultaneous with photoelectrocatalysis of water.It is worth noting that the hydrogen production rate increases to 5.45 and 7.27μL min-1 without or with light illumination at 160 rpm.The corresponding energy conversion e ciency is calculated to be 2.43%and 2.59%,respectively.All the results demonstrate such a self-powered system can successfully achieve the PEC hydrogen generation,exhibiting promising possibility of energy conversion.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are the most promising commercial photoelectric conversion technology in the future.The planar p–i–n structure cells have advantages in negligible hysteresis, low temperature preparation...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are the most promising commercial photoelectric conversion technology in the future.The planar p–i–n structure cells have advantages in negligible hysteresis, low temperature preparation and excellent stability.However, for inverted planar PSCs, the non-radiative recombination at the interface is an important reason that impedes the charge transfer and improvement of power conversion efficiency. Having a homogeneous, compact, and energy-levelmatched charge transport layer is the key to reducing non-radiative recombination. In our study, NiO_(x)/Sr:NiO_(x)bilayer hole transport layer(HTL) improves the holes transmission of NiO_(x)based HTL, reduces the recombination in the interface between perovskite and HTL layer and improves the device performance. The bilayer HTL enhances the hole transfer by forming a driving force of an electric field and further improves J_(sc). As a result, the device has a power conversion efficiency of 18.44%, a short circuit current density of 22.81 m A·cm^(-2) and a fill factor of 0.80. Compared to the pristine PSCs, there are certain improvements of optical parameters. This method provides a new idea for the future design of novel hole transport layers and the development of high-performance solar cells.展开更多
Medium manganese austenitic steel (MMAS) fabricated through the hot rolling process has been used in the mining,military,and mechanical industries.In this paper,the abrasion performance and hardening mechanism were me...Medium manganese austenitic steel (MMAS) fabricated through the hot rolling process has been used in the mining,military,and mechanical industries.In this paper,the abrasion performance and hardening mechanism were measured under a series of impact energies.The impact wear was tested at different impact energies from 0.5 J to 6 J using a dynamic load abrasive wear tester (MLD-10).Microstructure and surface morphologies were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,X-Ray diffraction,and transmission electron microscopy.The results suggest that MMSA has the best wear resistance at 3.5 J and the worst wear resistance at 1.5 J.Furthermore,the wear mechanism and worn surface microstructure change with different impact energies.There are small differences between a large amount of martensite on the worn surfaces under different impact energies and the shapes of dislocation and twins change with different impact energies.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.61804103,U1932124)the National Science and Technology Major Project from Minister of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2018AAA0103104)+8 种基金Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.18KJA535001)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Nos.BK20170343,BK20180242)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices,Soochow University(KJS1803)the XJTLU Key Programme Special Fund(KSF-A-18)Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory of High Efficient Energy Storage Technology and Equipments,China University of Mining and Technology(CUMT)supported by Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technologythe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the 111 ProjectJoint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices.
文摘Photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation is a promising approach to address the environmental pollution and energy crisis.In this work,we present a hybridized mechanical and solar energy-driven selfpowered hydrogen production system.A rotatory disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator was employed to harvest mechanical energy from water and functions as a su cient external power source.WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode was synthesized in a PEC water-splitting cell to produce H2.After transformation and rectification,the peak current reaches 0.1 m A at the rotation speed of 60 rpm.In this case,the H2 evolution process only occurs with sunlight irradiation.When the rotation speed is over 130 rpm,the peak photocurrent and peak dark current have nearly equal value.Direct electrolysis of water is almost simultaneous with photoelectrocatalysis of water.It is worth noting that the hydrogen production rate increases to 5.45 and 7.27μL min-1 without or with light illumination at 160 rpm.The corresponding energy conversion e ciency is calculated to be 2.43%and 2.59%,respectively.All the results demonstrate such a self-powered system can successfully achieve the PEC hydrogen generation,exhibiting promising possibility of energy conversion.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 2021QN1110)。
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are the most promising commercial photoelectric conversion technology in the future.The planar p–i–n structure cells have advantages in negligible hysteresis, low temperature preparation and excellent stability.However, for inverted planar PSCs, the non-radiative recombination at the interface is an important reason that impedes the charge transfer and improvement of power conversion efficiency. Having a homogeneous, compact, and energy-levelmatched charge transport layer is the key to reducing non-radiative recombination. In our study, NiO_(x)/Sr:NiO_(x)bilayer hole transport layer(HTL) improves the holes transmission of NiO_(x)based HTL, reduces the recombination in the interface between perovskite and HTL layer and improves the device performance. The bilayer HTL enhances the hole transfer by forming a driving force of an electric field and further improves J_(sc). As a result, the device has a power conversion efficiency of 18.44%, a short circuit current density of 22.81 m A·cm^(-2) and a fill factor of 0.80. Compared to the pristine PSCs, there are certain improvements of optical parameters. This method provides a new idea for the future design of novel hole transport layers and the development of high-performance solar cells.
文摘Medium manganese austenitic steel (MMAS) fabricated through the hot rolling process has been used in the mining,military,and mechanical industries.In this paper,the abrasion performance and hardening mechanism were measured under a series of impact energies.The impact wear was tested at different impact energies from 0.5 J to 6 J using a dynamic load abrasive wear tester (MLD-10).Microstructure and surface morphologies were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,X-Ray diffraction,and transmission electron microscopy.The results suggest that MMSA has the best wear resistance at 3.5 J and the worst wear resistance at 1.5 J.Furthermore,the wear mechanism and worn surface microstructure change with different impact energies.There are small differences between a large amount of martensite on the worn surfaces under different impact energies and the shapes of dislocation and twins change with different impact energies.
