Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a well-established non-destructive characterization technique for assessing the efficacy of electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.Electrocatalytic systems ...Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a well-established non-destructive characterization technique for assessing the efficacy of electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.Electrocatalytic systems based on proton exchange membrane(PEM),including PEM fuel cells and PEM water electrolyzers,play a crucial role in renewable energy conversion through electricity–hydrogen interconversion.EIS,along with its derived analysis methods—equivalent circuit model(ECM),distribution of relaxation time(DRT),and dynamic EIS(DEIS),is widely utilized to extract valuable kinetics and impedance data.The acquired information affords critical insights into processes such as mass transfer,charge transfer,and proton transfer within PEM systems.This mini review surveys the role of EIS in optimizing components and investigating operational conditions to enhance the efficiency of PEM systems.In addition,it encapsulates the principles and applications of EIS-based methods like DRT and DEIS,highlighting their potential in the practical application of PEM systems.展开更多
Peptides that are composed of dextrorotary(D)-amino acids have gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic class.However,our understanding of the in vivo fate of D-peptides is limited.This highlights the ne...Peptides that are composed of dextrorotary(D)-amino acids have gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic class.However,our understanding of the in vivo fate of D-peptides is limited.This highlights the need for whole-body,quantitative tracking of D-peptides to better understand how they interact with the living body.Here,we used mouse models to track the movement of a programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)-targeting D-dodecapeptide antagonist(DPA)using positron emission tomography(PET).More specifically,we profiled the metabolic routes of[^(64)Cu]DPA and investigated the tumor engagement of[^(64)Cu/^(68)Ga]DPA in mouse models.Our results revealed that intact[^(64)Cu/^(68)Ga]DPA was primarily eliminated by the kidneys and had a notable accumulation in tumors.Moreover,a single dose of[^(64)Cu]DPA effectively delayed tumor growth and improved the survival of mice.Collectively,these results not only deepen our knowledge of the in vivo fate of D-peptides,but also underscore the utility of D-peptides as radiopharmaceuticals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2404402)the State Grid Headquarter Science and Technology Project(5419-202399650A-3-2-ZN)+4 种基金S&T Program of Hebei(22344402D)National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2322015,22393900,and 22109086)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L233004)the Seed Fund of Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energythe Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program。
文摘Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a well-established non-destructive characterization technique for assessing the efficacy of electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.Electrocatalytic systems based on proton exchange membrane(PEM),including PEM fuel cells and PEM water electrolyzers,play a crucial role in renewable energy conversion through electricity–hydrogen interconversion.EIS,along with its derived analysis methods—equivalent circuit model(ECM),distribution of relaxation time(DRT),and dynamic EIS(DEIS),is widely utilized to extract valuable kinetics and impedance data.The acquired information affords critical insights into processes such as mass transfer,charge transfer,and proton transfer within PEM systems.This mini review surveys the role of EIS in optimizing components and investigating operational conditions to enhance the efficiency of PEM systems.In addition,it encapsulates the principles and applications of EIS-based methods like DRT and DEIS,highlighting their potential in the practical application of PEM systems.
基金financial support from the JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos.19K17156,21H02873,21K07659,and 20H03635,Japansupported by QST President’s Strategic Grant(Exploratory Research,Japan)+3 种基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82003532)General Project of Science and Technology Development Fund of Nanjing Medical University(NMUB2019154,China)the second round of Nanjing Clinical Medical Center"Nanjing Nuclear Medicine Center"the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M650302)。
文摘Peptides that are composed of dextrorotary(D)-amino acids have gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic class.However,our understanding of the in vivo fate of D-peptides is limited.This highlights the need for whole-body,quantitative tracking of D-peptides to better understand how they interact with the living body.Here,we used mouse models to track the movement of a programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)-targeting D-dodecapeptide antagonist(DPA)using positron emission tomography(PET).More specifically,we profiled the metabolic routes of[^(64)Cu]DPA and investigated the tumor engagement of[^(64)Cu/^(68)Ga]DPA in mouse models.Our results revealed that intact[^(64)Cu/^(68)Ga]DPA was primarily eliminated by the kidneys and had a notable accumulation in tumors.Moreover,a single dose of[^(64)Cu]DPA effectively delayed tumor growth and improved the survival of mice.Collectively,these results not only deepen our knowledge of the in vivo fate of D-peptides,but also underscore the utility of D-peptides as radiopharmaceuticals.
