Reversible oxygen reaction plays a crucial role in rechargeable battery systems,but it is limited by the slow reaction kinetics.Herein,the ionic modulation of cobalt pentlandite coupled with nitrogen‐doped bowl‐like...Reversible oxygen reaction plays a crucial role in rechargeable battery systems,but it is limited by the slow reaction kinetics.Herein,the ionic modulation of cobalt pentlandite coupled with nitrogen‐doped bowl‐like hollow carbon sphere is well designed on octahedral and tetrahedral sites.The robust FexCo9−xS8‐NHCS‐V with iron replacing at the octahedron possesses prolonged metal sulfur bond and exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR,E_(1/2)=0.80 V vs.RHE)and excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER,E_(j=10)=1.53 V vs.RHE)in 0.1 mol/L KOH.Accordingly,a rechargeable Zn‐air battery of Fe_(x)Co_(9−x)S_(8)‐NHCS‐V cathode endows high energy efficiency(102 mW cm^(−2)),and a microbial fuel cell achieves a high‐power density(791±42 mW m^(−2)),outperforming the benchmark Pt/C catalyst.展开更多
看似简单实际却很复杂的乙硼烷(B_(2)H_(6),diborane)与氨(NH_(3))的反应已经困扰了硼化学家数十年。该反应在不同实验条件下可生成硼氢化二氢二氨合硼(III)([NH_(3)BH_(2)NH_(3)]BH_(4),diammoniate of diborane,DADB),氨硼烷(NH_(3)&#...看似简单实际却很复杂的乙硼烷(B_(2)H_(6),diborane)与氨(NH_(3))的反应已经困扰了硼化学家数十年。该反应在不同实验条件下可生成硼氢化二氢二氨合硼(III)([NH_(3)BH_(2)NH_(3)]BH_(4),diammoniate of diborane,DADB),氨硼烷(NH_(3)·BH_(3),ammonia borane,AB),氨基乙硼烷(NH_(2)B_(2)H_(5),aminodiborane,ADB)等化合物。从1923年起,化学家们对影响乙硼烷与路易斯碱反应的因素,如立体效应、诱导效应、溶剂效应、介电常数等进行研究,但一直无法根据上述影响因素准确预测产物。基于乙硼烷在THF中以THF·BH_(3)存在、路易斯碱与乙硼烷或THF·BH_(3)反应产物相同等实验事实,化学家们巧妙利用NH_(3)与THF·BH_(3)的反应,在温和的条件下研究了DADB、AB的生成机理,发现双氢键是控制反应的重要因素。利用AB与THF·BH_(3)的反应,实验和理论计算结果进一步揭示了基于双氢键的ADB的复杂形成机理。展开更多
Pulmonary delivery is an effective drug delivery strategy for the treatment of local respiratory diseases.However,the rapid systemic absorption through the lung due to the thin barrier and persistent lung clearances i...Pulmonary delivery is an effective drug delivery strategy for the treatment of local respiratory diseases.However,the rapid systemic absorption through the lung due to the thin barrier and persistent lung clearances influence the drug retention in the lung.In this study,we designed a lipid-coated genistein nanocrystals(Lipo-NCs)formulation to achieve enhanced efficiency of local pulmonary delivery.The LipoNCs were fabricated by modifying genistein nanocrystals(NCs)with phospholipid membrane through thin film hydration following the homogenization method.The prepared Lipo-NCs exhibited a decreased drug release rate compared with the naked NCs.Our results demonstrated that intracellular uptake and transcellular transport of NCs by the Calu-3 epithelial layer were reduced after lipid coating.Furthermore,the macrophages clearance was also impeded by this Lipo-NCs formulation.In vivo lung retention and distribution revealed that more genistein was retained in the lung after intratracheal administration of Lipo-NCs.The pharmacokinetic study displayed that the AUC((0-t))values of Lipo-NCs were 1.59-fold lesser than those of the NCs group,indicating a reduced systemic absorption.In conclusion,this research indicated that Lipo-NCs could be a suitable formulation for reducing systemic absorption and macrophages clearance,and thus enhancing drug concentration in lung by pulmonary delivery.展开更多
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a major infectious complication in patients with hematological malignancies.In this study,we examined 4889 courses of chemotherapy in patients with hematological diseases to establish ...Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a major infectious complication in patients with hematological malignancies.In this study,we examined 4889 courses of chemotherapy in patients with hematological diseases to establish a training dataset (n=3500) by simple random sampling to develop a weighted risk score for proven or probable IFD through multivariate regression,which included the following variables: male patients,induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed or relapsed disease,neutropenia,neutropenia longer than 10 days,hypoalbuminemia,central-venous catheter,and history of IFD.The patients were classified into three groups,which had low (0-10,~1.2%),intermediate (11-15,6.4%),and high risk (> 15,17.5%) of IFD.In the validation set (n=1389),the IFD incidences of the groups were ~1.4%,5.0%,and 21.4%.In addition,we demonstrated that antifungal prophylaxis offered no benefits in low-risk patients,whereas benefits were documented in intermediate (2.1% vs.6.6%,P=0.007) and high-risk patients (8.4% vs.23.3%,P=0.007).To make the risk score applicable for clinical settings,a pre-chemo risk score that deleted all unpredictable factors before chemotherapy was established,and it confirmed that anti-fungal prophylaxis was beneficial in patients with intermediate and high risk of IFD.In conclusion,an objective,weighted risk score for IFD was developed,and it may be useful in guiding antifungal prophylaxis.展开更多
文摘Reversible oxygen reaction plays a crucial role in rechargeable battery systems,but it is limited by the slow reaction kinetics.Herein,the ionic modulation of cobalt pentlandite coupled with nitrogen‐doped bowl‐like hollow carbon sphere is well designed on octahedral and tetrahedral sites.The robust FexCo9−xS8‐NHCS‐V with iron replacing at the octahedron possesses prolonged metal sulfur bond and exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR,E_(1/2)=0.80 V vs.RHE)and excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER,E_(j=10)=1.53 V vs.RHE)in 0.1 mol/L KOH.Accordingly,a rechargeable Zn‐air battery of Fe_(x)Co_(9−x)S_(8)‐NHCS‐V cathode endows high energy efficiency(102 mW cm^(−2)),and a microbial fuel cell achieves a high‐power density(791±42 mW m^(−2)),outperforming the benchmark Pt/C catalyst.
文摘看似简单实际却很复杂的乙硼烷(B_(2)H_(6),diborane)与氨(NH_(3))的反应已经困扰了硼化学家数十年。该反应在不同实验条件下可生成硼氢化二氢二氨合硼(III)([NH_(3)BH_(2)NH_(3)]BH_(4),diammoniate of diborane,DADB),氨硼烷(NH_(3)·BH_(3),ammonia borane,AB),氨基乙硼烷(NH_(2)B_(2)H_(5),aminodiborane,ADB)等化合物。从1923年起,化学家们对影响乙硼烷与路易斯碱反应的因素,如立体效应、诱导效应、溶剂效应、介电常数等进行研究,但一直无法根据上述影响因素准确预测产物。基于乙硼烷在THF中以THF·BH_(3)存在、路易斯碱与乙硼烷或THF·BH_(3)反应产物相同等实验事实,化学家们巧妙利用NH_(3)与THF·BH_(3)的反应,在温和的条件下研究了DADB、AB的生成机理,发现双氢键是控制反应的重要因素。利用AB与THF·BH_(3)的反应,实验和理论计算结果进一步揭示了基于双氢键的ADB的复杂形成机理。
基金supported by the Multi-Year Research Grants from the University of Macao(No.MYRG2019–00032-ICMS)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210912)+1 种基金the startup grant of Xuzhou Medical University(D2021004)Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(No.0017/2019/AKP)。
文摘Pulmonary delivery is an effective drug delivery strategy for the treatment of local respiratory diseases.However,the rapid systemic absorption through the lung due to the thin barrier and persistent lung clearances influence the drug retention in the lung.In this study,we designed a lipid-coated genistein nanocrystals(Lipo-NCs)formulation to achieve enhanced efficiency of local pulmonary delivery.The LipoNCs were fabricated by modifying genistein nanocrystals(NCs)with phospholipid membrane through thin film hydration following the homogenization method.The prepared Lipo-NCs exhibited a decreased drug release rate compared with the naked NCs.Our results demonstrated that intracellular uptake and transcellular transport of NCs by the Calu-3 epithelial layer were reduced after lipid coating.Furthermore,the macrophages clearance was also impeded by this Lipo-NCs formulation.In vivo lung retention and distribution revealed that more genistein was retained in the lung after intratracheal administration of Lipo-NCs.The pharmacokinetic study displayed that the AUC((0-t))values of Lipo-NCs were 1.59-fold lesser than those of the NCs group,indicating a reduced systemic absorption.In conclusion,this research indicated that Lipo-NCs could be a suitable formulation for reducing systemic absorption and macrophages clearance,and thus enhancing drug concentration in lung by pulmonary delivery.
文摘Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a major infectious complication in patients with hematological malignancies.In this study,we examined 4889 courses of chemotherapy in patients with hematological diseases to establish a training dataset (n=3500) by simple random sampling to develop a weighted risk score for proven or probable IFD through multivariate regression,which included the following variables: male patients,induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed or relapsed disease,neutropenia,neutropenia longer than 10 days,hypoalbuminemia,central-venous catheter,and history of IFD.The patients were classified into three groups,which had low (0-10,~1.2%),intermediate (11-15,6.4%),and high risk (> 15,17.5%) of IFD.In the validation set (n=1389),the IFD incidences of the groups were ~1.4%,5.0%,and 21.4%.In addition,we demonstrated that antifungal prophylaxis offered no benefits in low-risk patients,whereas benefits were documented in intermediate (2.1% vs.6.6%,P=0.007) and high-risk patients (8.4% vs.23.3%,P=0.007).To make the risk score applicable for clinical settings,a pre-chemo risk score that deleted all unpredictable factors before chemotherapy was established,and it confirmed that anti-fungal prophylaxis was beneficial in patients with intermediate and high risk of IFD.In conclusion,an objective,weighted risk score for IFD was developed,and it may be useful in guiding antifungal prophylaxis.
