Structural damage in heterogeneousmaterials typically originates frommicrostructures where stress concentration occurs.Therefore,evaluating the magnitude and location of localized stress distributions within microstru...Structural damage in heterogeneousmaterials typically originates frommicrostructures where stress concentration occurs.Therefore,evaluating the magnitude and location of localized stress distributions within microstructures under external loading is crucial.Repeating unit cells(RUCs)are commonly used to represent microstructural details and homogenize the effective response of composites.This work develops a machine learning-based micromechanics tool to accurately predict the stress distributions of extracted RUCs.The locally exact homogenization theory efficiently generates the microstructural stresses of RUCs with a wide range of parameters,including volume fraction,fiber/matrix property ratio,fiber shapes,and loading direction.Subsequently,the conditional generative adversarial network(cGAN)is employed and constructed as a surrogate model to establish the statistical correlation between these parameters and the corresponding localized stresses.The stresses predicted by cGAN are validated against the remaining true data not used for training,showing good agreement.This work demonstrates that the cGAN-based micromechanics tool effectively captures the local responses of composite RUCs.It can be used for predicting potential crack initiations starting from microstructures and evaluating the effective behavior of periodic composites.展开更多
Parvimonas is a group of Grampositive bacteria that are common anaerobic cocci in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract and one of the pathogens of periodontitis,,^([1])and Prevotella is a group of Gramnegati...Parvimonas is a group of Grampositive bacteria that are common anaerobic cocci in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract and one of the pathogens of periodontitis,,^([1])and Prevotella is a group of Gramnegative anaerobic bacteria that are found mainly in the oral cavity and intestinal tract and are mainly involved in periodontal infections.展开更多
The milk fat globule membrane(MFGM)is a complex structure with numerous functions,and its composition is affected by many factors.There have been few systematic investigations on goat MFGM proteome profiling during la...The milk fat globule membrane(MFGM)is a complex structure with numerous functions,and its composition is affected by many factors.There have been few systematic investigations on goat MFGM proteome profiling during lactation.Individual milk samples from 15 healthy dairy goats were obtained at six lactation time points for investigation of the MFGM proteome using both data-independent acquisition(DIA)and data-dependent acquisition(DDA)proteomics techniques combined with multivariate statistical analysis.Using the DIA method,890 variably abundant MFGM proteins were discovered throughout the lactation cycle.From 1 to 240 d,butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1,lipoprotein lipase,perilipin-2,and adipose triglyceride lipase were upregulated,while APOE,complement C3,clusterin,and IgG were downregulated.Furthermore,from 1 to 90 d,annexin A1,annexin A2,and antithrombin-ll were downregulated,then upregulated by d 240.Albumin had a high degree of connectedness,indicating that it was a key protein,according to protein-protein interaction research.Overall,our findings gave new insights into the biological features of MFGM protein in goat milk throughout lactation,which may aid in the creation of specialized MFGM products and infant formula.展开更多
Zooplankton are important linkages in the food web and can respond nonlinearly to environmental changes.Marine organisms thrive from spring to summer.Thus,it is crucial to understand how ecological functions of zoopla...Zooplankton are important linkages in the food web and can respond nonlinearly to environmental changes.Marine organisms thrive from spring to summer.Thus,it is crucial to understand how ecological functions of zooplankton communities may shift under seasonal environmental changes during this period.Samples were collected from May to August(May,June-Ⅰ,June-Ⅱ,July-Ⅰ,July-Ⅱ,and August)in 2018 in Haizhou Bay,Jiangsu,East China for zooplankton and environmental variables.Crustaceans accounted for 75 out of 134 zooplankton taxa and 91.8%of total zooplankton abundance.The average abundance of crustacean varied between 2824.6±635.4 inds./m3 in July-Ⅱand 6502.7±1008.8 inds./m3 in June-Ⅱ.Multivariate analyses results showed that the dissimilarity of community increased gradually in the time series.Body length,feeding type,trophic group,and reproduction mode were used to investigate crustacean community functions.Trait-based functional groups contained species with similar ecological roles.Functional diversity fused the differences of species and trait.The proportion of large-sized species(2-5 mm)decreased with the increasing proportion of medium-sized species(1-2 mm).The proportion of current feeders increased with the drop in the proportion of mixed feeders.Parthenogenesis species increased with decreasing free spawners,and omnivores-carnivores increased with decreasing omnivoresherbivores.Generalized additive models suggested that temperature was the main driver of variations in crustacean zooplankton function.Seven identified functional groups varied with increasing temperature.Omnivorous-herbivorous copepods declined(90.0%-68.0%),whereas the parthenogenetic cladocerans increased(0-24.1%).The small egg-brooding ambush copepods fluctuated(6.5%-9.3%)with increasing water temperature.The other functional groups changed slightly.Functional diversity also varied according to temperature changes.The community structure and ecological function of crustacean zooplankton community showed gradual changes with increasing temperature from spring to summer.展开更多
Modern technological lifestyles promote allergic diseases,especially food allergies.The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be uncovered.Protein acetylation is one of the most important post-translational modifi...Modern technological lifestyles promote allergic diseases,especially food allergies.The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be uncovered.Protein acetylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications,and it is involved in regulating multiple body metabolic processes.This study aimed to clarify the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on allergy risk and the underlying mechanisms.Four-week-old male C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into two groups and fed a normal fat diet(NFD)or HFD for 24 weeks.Then,serum lipids were measured,and skeletal muscle was collected for acetylome analysis.Compared with the findings in the NFD group,HFD-fed mice were obese and hyperlipidemic.Acetylome analysis also revealed 32 differentially expressed proteins between the HFD and NFD groups.Among these,eight acetylated proteins were upregulated in the HFD group.In addition,13 and 11 proteins were acetylated only in the HFD group and NFD group,respectively.These proteins were mainly involved in regulating energy metabolism and mitochondrial function.This study provides information regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which HFD promotes allergy.展开更多
Single-shot high-speed 3D imaging is important for reconstructions of dynamic objects.For fringe projection profilometry(FPP),however,it is still challenging to recover accurate 3D shapes of isolated objects by a sing...Single-shot high-speed 3D imaging is important for reconstructions of dynamic objects.For fringe projection profilometry(FPP),however,it is still challenging to recover accurate 3D shapes of isolated objects by a single fringe image.In this paper,we demonstrate that the deep neural networks can be trained to directly recover the absolute phase from a unique fringe image that involves spatially multiplexed fringe patterns of different frequencies.The extracted phase is free from spectrum-aliasing problem which is hard to avoid for traditional spatial-multiplexing methods.Experiments on both static and dynamic scenes show that the proposed approach is robust to object motion and can obtain high-quality 3D reconstructions of isolated objects within a single fringe image.展开更多
To study the relationship between acoustic emission characteristic parameters of self-compacting concrete(SCC)and its destruction evolution,under uniaxial compression,acoustic emission(AE)tests are performed on C30 se...To study the relationship between acoustic emission characteristic parameters of self-compacting concrete(SCC)and its destruction evolution,under uniaxial compression,acoustic emission(AE)tests are performed on C30 selfcompacting concrete test blocks that are preserved for 7 days and 28 days,the corresponding relationship among energy,amplitude,ring count and different failure stages of the specimens are analyzed by AE experiment,and the spatial distribution of AE in each stage is described by introducing location map.The test shows that there are two rules for the failure of SCC specimens cured for 7 days and 28 days:(1)The first failure law is divided into four stages according to the percentage of the stress value reaching the limit stress:Initial stage:above 10%,the compaction time of test block cured for 28 days is relatively low;Elastic failure stage:30%–35%,the cumulative value of each parameter increases linearly,and the cumulative value of the amplitude is the largest;Crack stable propagation stage:35%–90%,there is a moment that causes local stress concentration in both test blocks;Active stage:above 90%,the cumulative value of the parameter rises sharply,then continues to load the test block instability and damage.(2)The second failure law is divided into five stages according to the percentage of the stress value reaching the limit stress:Initial stage:15%–20%,the cumulative value of each parameter increases with time;Elastic failure stage:20%–40%,the cumulative value of the parameter continues to grow,but the growth curve is approximately parallel;Crack stable propagation stage:40%–60%,all parameters increased sharply and the increase reached the peak of the whole process;A stable state:60–80%,the emission characteristic parameter will become zero,and the stable state of the 28 days curing test block is lagging;Active stage:above 90%,the number of signals increased sharply,but the energy and amplitude are low,and the later test block is completely fractured.(3)In the process of failure,the test block of SCC will form an inverted triangle or landslide failure surface,and the part above the failure surface is prone to failure,and there is a tendency to leave the test block.(4)Under uniaxial compression,the penetration of SCC cracks is mostly shear penetration.展开更多
Background:Reactive oxygen species(ROS)is considered as ubiquitous and highly active chemicals that influence tendon integrity and orchestrate tendon repair.With significant recent advances in nanomaterials,cerium oxi...Background:Reactive oxygen species(ROS)is considered as ubiquitous and highly active chemicals that influence tendon integrity and orchestrate tendon repair.With significant recent advances in nanomaterials,cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2)NPs)exhibit superoxide dismutase-and catalase-like activities.Herein,we introduced a therapeutic approach of CeO_(2)NPs for Achilles tendinopathy(AT)healing.Methods:CeO_(2)NPs were synthesized to examine their effect as ROS scavengers on AT healing in vitro and in vivo.The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were evaluated in AT after CeO_(2)NPs treatment in vitro.The mechanisms underlying CeO_(2)NPs-mediated stimulation of NRF2 translocation and ERK signaling were verified through immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.The efficacy of CeO_(2)NPs was tested in an AT rat model in comparison with the control.Results:CeO_(2)NPs not only significantly scavenged multiple ROS and suppressed ROS-induced inflammatory reactions but also protected cell proliferation under oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP).Moreover,CeO_(2)NPs could promote NRF_(2)nuclear translocation for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation through the ERK signaling pathway.In a rat model of collagenase-induced tendon injuries,CeO_(2)NPs showed significant therapeutic efficacy by ameliorating tendon damage.Conclusion:The present study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of CeO_(2)NPs to ameliorate ROS in tenocytes via the ERK/NRF_(2)signaling pathway,which underscores the potential of CeO_(2)NPs for application in the treatment of enthesopathy healing.展开更多
Noncovalentlycross-linkedpolymermaterials through healing,recycling,and reprocessing can reduce materials consumption and alleviate environmental pollution.However,it remains a huge challenge to fabricate super-strong...Noncovalentlycross-linkedpolymermaterials through healing,recycling,and reprocessing can reduce materials consumption and alleviate environmental pollution.However,it remains a huge challenge to fabricate super-strong noncovalently cross-linked polymer materials with mechanical strength comparable to high-performance engineering polymers.Herein,healable and reprocessable noncovalently cross-linked polymer compositeswith an unprecedented mechanical strength are fabricated by complexation of polyacrylic acid(PAA),polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVPON),and carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)(denoted as PAA-PVPON-CPDs).The incorporation of 15 wt%CPDs generates PAA-PVPON-CPDs compositeswith a tensile strength of∼158 MPa and Young’s modulus of∼8.2GPa.Servingas nanofillers,theCPDs can establish strong interactions with polymers in PAA-PVPON composites.The CPDs and the in situ-formed PAAPVPON nanoparticles work in concert to significantly strengthen the PAA-PVPON-CPDs composites to an unprecedented strength.The PAA-PVPON-CPDs composites exhibit excellent impact resistance and damage tolerance because of the high mechanical strength of the composites and the energy dissipation mechanism of the CPDs and PAA-PVPON nanoparticles.Moreover,the fractured PAA-PVPON-CPDs composites can be healed to restore their original mechanical strength.展开更多
Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment of advanced liver disease,and the use of extended criteria donor organs has broadened the source of available livers.Although normothermic machine perfusion(NMP)ha...Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment of advanced liver disease,and the use of extended criteria donor organs has broadened the source of available livers.Although normothermic machine perfusion(NMP)has become a useful tool in liver transplantation,there are no consistent criteria that can be used to evaluate the viability of livers during NMP.This review summarizes the criteria,indicators,and methods used to evaluate liver viability during NMP.The shape,appearance,and hemodynamics of the liver can be analyzed at a macroscopic level,while markers of liver injury,indicators of liver and bile duct function,and other relevant indicators can be evaluated by biochemical analysis.The liver can also be assessed by tissue biopsy at the microscopic level.Novel methods for assessment of liver viability are introduced.The limitations of evaluating liver viability during NMP are discussed and suggestions for future clinical practice are provided.展开更多
Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a photophysical phenomenon that a certain group of luminescent materials that become highly luminous when aggregated in a bad solvent or solid state.This year is the 20th anniversar...Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a photophysical phenomenon that a certain group of luminescent materials that become highly luminous when aggregated in a bad solvent or solid state.This year is the 20th anniversary since the AIE concept firstly proposed in 2001.Many advanced applications were gradually being explored,covering optics,electronics,energy,and bioscience and so on.At present,bibliometrics can enlighten the researchers with comprehensive sights of the achievements and trends of a specific field,which is critical for academic investigations.Herein,we presented a general bibliometric overview of AIE covering 20 years of evolution.With the assistance of Web of Science Core Collection database and several bibliometric software tools,the annual publication and citation,most influential countries/regions,most contributing authors,journals and institutions,second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)related hotspots,as well as the forecast of frontiers were demonstrated and systematically analyzed.This study summarizes the current research status in AIE research field and provides a reference for future research directions.展开更多
Functional traits determine the fitness of organisms and mirror their ecological functions.Although trait-based approaches provide ecological insights,it is underexploited for marine zooplankton,particularly with resp...Functional traits determine the fitness of organisms and mirror their ecological functions.Although trait-based approaches provide ecological insights,it is underexploited for marine zooplankton,particularly with respect to seasonal variation.Here,based on four major functional traits,including body length,feeding type,trophic group,and reproduction mode,we quantified the seasonal variations of mesozooplankton functional groups in the South Yellow Sea(SYS)in the spring,summer,and autumn of 2018.Strong seasonal dynamics were identified for all traits but patterns varied among traits.Small zooplankton(47.7–88.6%),omnivores–herbivores(81.3–97.6%),and free spawners(54.8–92.5%)dominated in three seasons,while ambush feeders and current feeders dominated in spring(45.7%),and autumn(73.4%),respectively.Cluster analysis of the functional traits showed that the mesozooplankton in the SYS can be classified into eight functional groups.The biogeographic and seasonal variations of functional groups can be partially explained by environmental drivers.Group 1,represented by omnivores–herbivores,was the most dominant functional group,the abundance of which peaked in spring and was positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration,indicating its close association with phytoplankton dynamics.The contribution of giant,active ambush carnivores,passive ambush carnivore jellyfish,current omnivores–detritivores,and parthenogenetic cladocerans increased with sea surface temperature.The proportion of giant,active ambush carnivores and active ambush omnivore–carnivore copepods decreased with salinity in autumn.This study presents a new perspective for understanding the dynamics of zooplankton and paves the way for further research on the functional diversity of zooplankton in the SYS.展开更多
Background:Immunosuppressive medication reduces the immunogenicity of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases(RMDs).However,the underlying mechanism remai...Background:Immunosuppressive medication reduces the immunogenicity of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases(RMDs).However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.The primary aim of our study was to dissect the impact of immunosuppressive medication on cellular and humoral immune responses in RMD patients receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.Methods:A total of 28 RMD patients and five healthy controls(HCs)receiving two doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine(Sinovac-CoronaVac)were prospectively enrolled.Blood samples were collected before the primary vaccination(Week 0)and one week after the second vaccination(Week 5).Neutralizing antibody(nAb)titers and autoantibody titers were measured by a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.CD4^(+)T-cell and CD19^(+)B-cell subsets and serum cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was immunogenic in RMD patients and HCs after the second vaccination,but the nAb titers were lower in RMD patients than those in HCs.Only patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)had notably increased nAb titers.Remarkably,IgG^(+)CD27^(+),IgG^(+)IgG1^(+),and IgG^(+)IgG1^(−)B cells were reduced,whereas IgG−IgG1^(+)B cells,and total IgA and IgG titers were markedly increased.However,Tfh cell and Tfr cell subsets and cytokines produced by Tfh cells were not increased.The flare rate was low in RMD patients with comparable autoantibody titers,unchanged CD4^(+)T cell subsets and serum proinflammatory cytokines(interleukin[IL]-6,IL-17,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-α)after the second vaccination.Conclusions:Immunosuppressive therapy decreased the immunogenicity of the vaccine and maintained a low flare rate by selectively modulating B cell but not CD4^(+)T cell responses in RMD patients receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.Optimization of the treatment regimen might ensure a durable and robust COVID-19 vaccination response.展开更多
With the advances in scientific foundations and technological implementations,optical metrology has become versatile problem-solving backbones in manufacturing,fundamental research,and engineering applications,such as...With the advances in scientific foundations and technological implementations,optical metrology has become versatile problem-solving backbones in manufacturing,fundamental research,and engineering applications,such as quality control,nondestructive testing,experimental mechanics,and biomedicine.In recent years,deep learning,a subfield of machine learning,is emerging as a powerful tool to address problems by learning from data,largely driven by the availability of massive datasets,enhanced computational power,fast data storage,and novel training algorithms for the deep neural network.It is currently promoting increased interests and gaining extensive attention for its utilization in the field of optical metrology.Unlike the traditional,,physics-basedH approach,deep-learning-enabled optical metrology is a kind of,/data-drivenw approach,which has already provided numerous alternative solutions to many challenging problems in this field with better performances.In this review,we present an overview of the current status and the latest progress of deep-learning technologies in the field of optical metrology.We first briefly introduce both traditional image-processing algorithms in optical metrology and the basic concepts of deep learning,followed by a comprehensive review of its applications in various optical metrology tasks,such as fringe denoising,phase retrieval,phase unwrapping,subset correlation,and error compensation.The open challenges faced by the current deep-learning approach in optical metrology are then discussed.Finally,the directions for future research are outlined.展开更多
Osteoporosis is the most common degenerative orthopedic disease in the elderly.Recently,the therapeutic methods for osteoporosis have shifted towards the regulation of local immunity in bone tissues,which could provid...Osteoporosis is the most common degenerative orthopedic disease in the elderly.Recently,the therapeutic methods for osteoporosis have shifted towards the regulation of local immunity in bone tissues,which could provide a suitable environment for the positive regulation of bone metabolism,promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.Our previous work demonstrated that iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)could positively regulate bone metabolism in vitro.In this study,we further demonstrated that daily administration of IONPs relieved estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species in vivo.Meanwhile,IONPs promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibited the osteoclast differentiation of monocytes from IONPs treated mice.Besides,alendronate,a clinically used anti-osteoporosis bisphosphate,was employed to precisely deliver the IONPs to the bone tissues and played a synergically therapeutic role.Eventually,we verified the bone targeting ability,therapeutic efficiency,and biocompatibility of the novel bone target iron oxides in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mice.By applying BTNPs,the OVX-induced osteoporosis was significantly revised in mice models via the positive regulation of bone metabolism.展开更多
It is a long-term pursuit,and also,a challenge to significantly improve the mechanical strength of thermoplastic polymers using readily dispersed polymers as nanofillers.In this study,we demonstrated that in situ form...It is a long-term pursuit,and also,a challenge to significantly improve the mechanical strength of thermoplastic polymers using readily dispersed polymers as nanofillers.In this study,we demonstrated that in situ formed carboxylic acid-functionalized poly(aryl ether sulfone)(PAES-COOH)/polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVPON)complex nanoparticles can significantly enhance the mechanical strength of PAES-COOH by mixing PAES-COOH with a small fraction of PVPON.The PAES-COOH/PVPON10%composite,which contained∼10 wt%PVPON,exhibited a tensile strength of∼104.8 MPa and Young’s modulus of∼932.2 MPa,which were∼2.0 and∼1.7 times higher than those of the PAES-COOH,respectively.The PAES-COOH/PVPON nanoparticles which were uniformly dispersed in PAES-COOH matrices and had strong hydrogen-bonding interactions with PAES-COOH,served as nanofillers to reinforce the mechanical strength of the PAES-COOH.The PAES-COOH/PVPON_(10%)composites possessed excellent solvent-assisted healability,and the fractured composites could be healed to restore their original mechanical strength.Meanwhile,the PAES-COOH/PVPON_(10%)composites could be recycled multiple times,and yet retained their shape integration and their original mechanical strength.展开更多
基金the support from the National Key R&D Program of China underGrant(Grant No.2020YFA0711700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52122801,11925206,51978609,U22A20254,and U23A20659)G.W.is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12002303,12192210 and 12192214).
文摘Structural damage in heterogeneousmaterials typically originates frommicrostructures where stress concentration occurs.Therefore,evaluating the magnitude and location of localized stress distributions within microstructures under external loading is crucial.Repeating unit cells(RUCs)are commonly used to represent microstructural details and homogenize the effective response of composites.This work develops a machine learning-based micromechanics tool to accurately predict the stress distributions of extracted RUCs.The locally exact homogenization theory efficiently generates the microstructural stresses of RUCs with a wide range of parameters,including volume fraction,fiber/matrix property ratio,fiber shapes,and loading direction.Subsequently,the conditional generative adversarial network(cGAN)is employed and constructed as a surrogate model to establish the statistical correlation between these parameters and the corresponding localized stresses.The stresses predicted by cGAN are validated against the remaining true data not used for training,showing good agreement.This work demonstrates that the cGAN-based micromechanics tool effectively captures the local responses of composite RUCs.It can be used for predicting potential crack initiations starting from microstructures and evaluating the effective behavior of periodic composites.
文摘Parvimonas is a group of Grampositive bacteria that are common anaerobic cocci in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract and one of the pathogens of periodontitis,,^([1])and Prevotella is a group of Gramnegative anaerobic bacteria that are found mainly in the oral cavity and intestinal tract and are mainly involved in periodontal infections.
基金This work was supportedby theNational KeyR&D Program of China(2022YFD1301005)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2022MC184)the High-level Talents Foundation of Qingdao Agricultural University,China(665/1120053,665/1120080).
文摘The milk fat globule membrane(MFGM)is a complex structure with numerous functions,and its composition is affected by many factors.There have been few systematic investigations on goat MFGM proteome profiling during lactation.Individual milk samples from 15 healthy dairy goats were obtained at six lactation time points for investigation of the MFGM proteome using both data-independent acquisition(DIA)and data-dependent acquisition(DDA)proteomics techniques combined with multivariate statistical analysis.Using the DIA method,890 variably abundant MFGM proteins were discovered throughout the lactation cycle.From 1 to 240 d,butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1,lipoprotein lipase,perilipin-2,and adipose triglyceride lipase were upregulated,while APOE,complement C3,clusterin,and IgG were downregulated.Furthermore,from 1 to 90 d,annexin A1,annexin A2,and antithrombin-ll were downregulated,then upregulated by d 240.Albumin had a high degree of connectedness,indicating that it was a key protein,according to protein-protein interaction research.Overall,our findings gave new insights into the biological features of MFGM protein in goat milk throughout lactation,which may aid in the creation of specialized MFGM products and infant formula.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42076146,41876177,41930534)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.201822027)。
文摘Zooplankton are important linkages in the food web and can respond nonlinearly to environmental changes.Marine organisms thrive from spring to summer.Thus,it is crucial to understand how ecological functions of zooplankton communities may shift under seasonal environmental changes during this period.Samples were collected from May to August(May,June-Ⅰ,June-Ⅱ,July-Ⅰ,July-Ⅱ,and August)in 2018 in Haizhou Bay,Jiangsu,East China for zooplankton and environmental variables.Crustaceans accounted for 75 out of 134 zooplankton taxa and 91.8%of total zooplankton abundance.The average abundance of crustacean varied between 2824.6±635.4 inds./m3 in July-Ⅱand 6502.7±1008.8 inds./m3 in June-Ⅱ.Multivariate analyses results showed that the dissimilarity of community increased gradually in the time series.Body length,feeding type,trophic group,and reproduction mode were used to investigate crustacean community functions.Trait-based functional groups contained species with similar ecological roles.Functional diversity fused the differences of species and trait.The proportion of large-sized species(2-5 mm)decreased with the increasing proportion of medium-sized species(1-2 mm).The proportion of current feeders increased with the drop in the proportion of mixed feeders.Parthenogenesis species increased with decreasing free spawners,and omnivores-carnivores increased with decreasing omnivoresherbivores.Generalized additive models suggested that temperature was the main driver of variations in crustacean zooplankton function.Seven identified functional groups varied with increasing temperature.Omnivorous-herbivorous copepods declined(90.0%-68.0%),whereas the parthenogenetic cladocerans increased(0-24.1%).The small egg-brooding ambush copepods fluctuated(6.5%-9.3%)with increasing water temperature.The other functional groups changed slightly.Functional diversity also varied according to temperature changes.The community structure and ecological function of crustacean zooplankton community showed gradual changes with increasing temperature from spring to summer.
基金funded by the 111 project from the Education Ministry of China(B18053)。
文摘Modern technological lifestyles promote allergic diseases,especially food allergies.The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be uncovered.Protein acetylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications,and it is involved in regulating multiple body metabolic processes.This study aimed to clarify the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on allergy risk and the underlying mechanisms.Four-week-old male C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into two groups and fed a normal fat diet(NFD)or HFD for 24 weeks.Then,serum lipids were measured,and skeletal muscle was collected for acetylome analysis.Compared with the findings in the NFD group,HFD-fed mice were obese and hyperlipidemic.Acetylome analysis also revealed 32 differentially expressed proteins between the HFD and NFD groups.Among these,eight acetylated proteins were upregulated in the HFD group.In addition,13 and 11 proteins were acetylated only in the HFD group and NFD group,respectively.These proteins were mainly involved in regulating energy metabolism and mitochondrial function.This study provides information regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which HFD promotes allergy.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075096,62005121,U21B2033)Leading Technology of Jiangsu Basic Research Plan(BK20192003)+4 种基金“333 Engineering”Research Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2016407)Jiangsu Provincial“One belt and one road”innovation cooperation project(BZ2020007)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30921011208,30919011222,30920032101)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21_0273)Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging&Intelligent Sense(JSGP202105).
文摘Single-shot high-speed 3D imaging is important for reconstructions of dynamic objects.For fringe projection profilometry(FPP),however,it is still challenging to recover accurate 3D shapes of isolated objects by a single fringe image.In this paper,we demonstrate that the deep neural networks can be trained to directly recover the absolute phase from a unique fringe image that involves spatially multiplexed fringe patterns of different frequencies.The extracted phase is free from spectrum-aliasing problem which is hard to avoid for traditional spatial-multiplexing methods.Experiments on both static and dynamic scenes show that the proposed approach is robust to object motion and can obtain high-quality 3D reconstructions of isolated objects within a single fringe image.
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8214060)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107164).
文摘To study the relationship between acoustic emission characteristic parameters of self-compacting concrete(SCC)and its destruction evolution,under uniaxial compression,acoustic emission(AE)tests are performed on C30 selfcompacting concrete test blocks that are preserved for 7 days and 28 days,the corresponding relationship among energy,amplitude,ring count and different failure stages of the specimens are analyzed by AE experiment,and the spatial distribution of AE in each stage is described by introducing location map.The test shows that there are two rules for the failure of SCC specimens cured for 7 days and 28 days:(1)The first failure law is divided into four stages according to the percentage of the stress value reaching the limit stress:Initial stage:above 10%,the compaction time of test block cured for 28 days is relatively low;Elastic failure stage:30%–35%,the cumulative value of each parameter increases linearly,and the cumulative value of the amplitude is the largest;Crack stable propagation stage:35%–90%,there is a moment that causes local stress concentration in both test blocks;Active stage:above 90%,the cumulative value of the parameter rises sharply,then continues to load the test block instability and damage.(2)The second failure law is divided into five stages according to the percentage of the stress value reaching the limit stress:Initial stage:15%–20%,the cumulative value of each parameter increases with time;Elastic failure stage:20%–40%,the cumulative value of the parameter continues to grow,but the growth curve is approximately parallel;Crack stable propagation stage:40%–60%,all parameters increased sharply and the increase reached the peak of the whole process;A stable state:60–80%,the emission characteristic parameter will become zero,and the stable state of the 28 days curing test block is lagging;Active stage:above 90%,the number of signals increased sharply,but the energy and amplitude are low,and the later test block is completely fractured.(3)In the process of failure,the test block of SCC will form an inverted triangle or landslide failure surface,and the part above the failure surface is prone to failure,and there is a tendency to leave the test block.(4)Under uniaxial compression,the penetration of SCC cracks is mostly shear penetration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81941009,81991514,32271409,and 82202778)Nanjing Distinguished Youth Fund(No.JQX20001)+3 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D Program(No.BE2022836)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671456)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2021YFA1201404)Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Center Foundation,Jiangsu Provincial Medical Outstanding Talent Foundation,Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent Foundation and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Talent Foundation,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.14380493 and 14380494).
文摘Background:Reactive oxygen species(ROS)is considered as ubiquitous and highly active chemicals that influence tendon integrity and orchestrate tendon repair.With significant recent advances in nanomaterials,cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2)NPs)exhibit superoxide dismutase-and catalase-like activities.Herein,we introduced a therapeutic approach of CeO_(2)NPs for Achilles tendinopathy(AT)healing.Methods:CeO_(2)NPs were synthesized to examine their effect as ROS scavengers on AT healing in vitro and in vivo.The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were evaluated in AT after CeO_(2)NPs treatment in vitro.The mechanisms underlying CeO_(2)NPs-mediated stimulation of NRF2 translocation and ERK signaling were verified through immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.The efficacy of CeO_(2)NPs was tested in an AT rat model in comparison with the control.Results:CeO_(2)NPs not only significantly scavenged multiple ROS and suppressed ROS-induced inflammatory reactions but also protected cell proliferation under oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP).Moreover,CeO_(2)NPs could promote NRF_(2)nuclear translocation for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation through the ERK signaling pathway.In a rat model of collagenase-induced tendon injuries,CeO_(2)NPs showed significant therapeutic efficacy by ameliorating tendon damage.Conclusion:The present study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of CeO_(2)NPs to ameliorate ROS in tenocytes via the ERK/NRF_(2)signaling pathway,which underscores the potential of CeO_(2)NPs for application in the treatment of enthesopathy healing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grant no.21935004).
文摘Noncovalentlycross-linkedpolymermaterials through healing,recycling,and reprocessing can reduce materials consumption and alleviate environmental pollution.However,it remains a huge challenge to fabricate super-strong noncovalently cross-linked polymer materials with mechanical strength comparable to high-performance engineering polymers.Herein,healable and reprocessable noncovalently cross-linked polymer compositeswith an unprecedented mechanical strength are fabricated by complexation of polyacrylic acid(PAA),polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVPON),and carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)(denoted as PAA-PVPON-CPDs).The incorporation of 15 wt%CPDs generates PAA-PVPON-CPDs compositeswith a tensile strength of∼158 MPa and Young’s modulus of∼8.2GPa.Servingas nanofillers,theCPDs can establish strong interactions with polymers in PAA-PVPON composites.The CPDs and the in situ-formed PAAPVPON nanoparticles work in concert to significantly strengthen the PAA-PVPON-CPDs composites to an unprecedented strength.The PAA-PVPON-CPDs composites exhibit excellent impact resistance and damage tolerance because of the high mechanical strength of the composites and the energy dissipation mechanism of the CPDs and PAA-PVPON nanoparticles.Moreover,the fractured PAA-PVPON-CPDs composites can be healed to restore their original mechanical strength.
文摘Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment of advanced liver disease,and the use of extended criteria donor organs has broadened the source of available livers.Although normothermic machine perfusion(NMP)has become a useful tool in liver transplantation,there are no consistent criteria that can be used to evaluate the viability of livers during NMP.This review summarizes the criteria,indicators,and methods used to evaluate liver viability during NMP.The shape,appearance,and hemodynamics of the liver can be analyzed at a macroscopic level,while markers of liver injury,indicators of liver and bile duct function,and other relevant indicators can be evaluated by biochemical analysis.The liver can also be assessed by tissue biopsy at the microscopic level.Novel methods for assessment of liver viability are introduced.The limitations of evaluating liver viability during NMP are discussed and suggestions for future clinical practice are provided.
基金National Key Research and Development Project,Grant/Award Number:2017YFC0110802Zhejiang province Key Research and Development Project,Grant/Award Number:2020C01059+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81874059,82102105,61975172,61735016Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Cognitive Healthcare,Grant/Award Number:2017E10011National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project,Grant/Award Number:81827804Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2020-KYY-511108-0007。
文摘Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a photophysical phenomenon that a certain group of luminescent materials that become highly luminous when aggregated in a bad solvent or solid state.This year is the 20th anniversary since the AIE concept firstly proposed in 2001.Many advanced applications were gradually being explored,covering optics,electronics,energy,and bioscience and so on.At present,bibliometrics can enlighten the researchers with comprehensive sights of the achievements and trends of a specific field,which is critical for academic investigations.Herein,we presented a general bibliometric overview of AIE covering 20 years of evolution.With the assistance of Web of Science Core Collection database and several bibliometric software tools,the annual publication and citation,most influential countries/regions,most contributing authors,journals and institutions,second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)related hotspots,as well as the forecast of frontiers were demonstrated and systematically analyzed.This study summarizes the current research status in AIE research field and provides a reference for future research directions.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42076146,41876156)Data acquisition and sample collection conducted onboard R/V KEXUESANHAO were from the sharing cruise organized by Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)and Center for Ocean Mega-science,Chinese Academy of Sciences.We are grateful to Zeqi Zheng,Shunan Fu,Zhihao Zhang,and Xiaoqian Pan for their help in collecting samples.
文摘Functional traits determine the fitness of organisms and mirror their ecological functions.Although trait-based approaches provide ecological insights,it is underexploited for marine zooplankton,particularly with respect to seasonal variation.Here,based on four major functional traits,including body length,feeding type,trophic group,and reproduction mode,we quantified the seasonal variations of mesozooplankton functional groups in the South Yellow Sea(SYS)in the spring,summer,and autumn of 2018.Strong seasonal dynamics were identified for all traits but patterns varied among traits.Small zooplankton(47.7–88.6%),omnivores–herbivores(81.3–97.6%),and free spawners(54.8–92.5%)dominated in three seasons,while ambush feeders and current feeders dominated in spring(45.7%),and autumn(73.4%),respectively.Cluster analysis of the functional traits showed that the mesozooplankton in the SYS can be classified into eight functional groups.The biogeographic and seasonal variations of functional groups can be partially explained by environmental drivers.Group 1,represented by omnivores–herbivores,was the most dominant functional group,the abundance of which peaked in spring and was positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration,indicating its close association with phytoplankton dynamics.The contribution of giant,active ambush carnivores,passive ambush carnivore jellyfish,current omnivores–detritivores,and parthenogenetic cladocerans increased with sea surface temperature.The proportion of giant,active ambush carnivores and active ambush omnivore–carnivore copepods decreased with salinity in autumn.This study presents a new perspective for understanding the dynamics of zooplankton and paves the way for further research on the functional diversity of zooplankton in the SYS.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82271784,81974251,82071816National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2017YFC0909002。
文摘Background:Immunosuppressive medication reduces the immunogenicity of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases(RMDs).However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.The primary aim of our study was to dissect the impact of immunosuppressive medication on cellular and humoral immune responses in RMD patients receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.Methods:A total of 28 RMD patients and five healthy controls(HCs)receiving two doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine(Sinovac-CoronaVac)were prospectively enrolled.Blood samples were collected before the primary vaccination(Week 0)and one week after the second vaccination(Week 5).Neutralizing antibody(nAb)titers and autoantibody titers were measured by a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.CD4^(+)T-cell and CD19^(+)B-cell subsets and serum cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was immunogenic in RMD patients and HCs after the second vaccination,but the nAb titers were lower in RMD patients than those in HCs.Only patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)had notably increased nAb titers.Remarkably,IgG^(+)CD27^(+),IgG^(+)IgG1^(+),and IgG^(+)IgG1^(−)B cells were reduced,whereas IgG−IgG1^(+)B cells,and total IgA and IgG titers were markedly increased.However,Tfh cell and Tfr cell subsets and cytokines produced by Tfh cells were not increased.The flare rate was low in RMD patients with comparable autoantibody titers,unchanged CD4^(+)T cell subsets and serum proinflammatory cytokines(interleukin[IL]-6,IL-17,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-α)after the second vaccination.Conclusions:Immunosuppressive therapy decreased the immunogenicity of the vaccine and maintained a low flare rate by selectively modulating B cell but not CD4^(+)T cell responses in RMD patients receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.Optimization of the treatment regimen might ensure a durable and robust COVID-19 vaccination response.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2033,62075096,62005121)Leading Technology of Jiangsu Basic Research Plan(BK20192003)+3 种基金"333 Engineering"Research Projea of Jiangsu Province(BRA2016407)Jiangsu Provincial"One belt and one road"innovation cooperation project(BZ2020007)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30921011208,30919011222,30920032101)Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spearal Imaging&Intelligent Sense(JSGP202105).
文摘With the advances in scientific foundations and technological implementations,optical metrology has become versatile problem-solving backbones in manufacturing,fundamental research,and engineering applications,such as quality control,nondestructive testing,experimental mechanics,and biomedicine.In recent years,deep learning,a subfield of machine learning,is emerging as a powerful tool to address problems by learning from data,largely driven by the availability of massive datasets,enhanced computational power,fast data storage,and novel training algorithms for the deep neural network.It is currently promoting increased interests and gaining extensive attention for its utilization in the field of optical metrology.Unlike the traditional,,physics-basedH approach,deep-learning-enabled optical metrology is a kind of,/data-drivenw approach,which has already provided numerous alternative solutions to many challenging problems in this field with better performances.In this review,we present an overview of the current status and the latest progress of deep-learning technologies in the field of optical metrology.We first briefly introduce both traditional image-processing algorithms in optical metrology and the basic concepts of deep learning,followed by a comprehensive review of its applications in various optical metrology tasks,such as fringe denoising,phase retrieval,phase unwrapping,subset correlation,and error compensation.The open challenges faced by the current deep-learning approach in optical metrology are then discussed.Finally,the directions for future research are outlined.
基金supported by Key Program of NSFC(81730067)Major Project of NSFC(81991514)+10 种基金National Science Foundation of China(Grant No 81802135,82002370)Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Center FoundationJiangsu Provincial Medical Outstanding Talent FoundationJiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent FoundationJiangsu Provincial Key Medical Talent Foundationthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(14380493,14380494)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No 2019M661806,Grant No 2020M671456)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No BK20200117,BK20200121)Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu postdoctoral research support project(Grant No 2021K059A)Nanjing University Innovation Program for PhD candidates(CXYJ21-62).
文摘Osteoporosis is the most common degenerative orthopedic disease in the elderly.Recently,the therapeutic methods for osteoporosis have shifted towards the regulation of local immunity in bone tissues,which could provide a suitable environment for the positive regulation of bone metabolism,promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.Our previous work demonstrated that iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)could positively regulate bone metabolism in vitro.In this study,we further demonstrated that daily administration of IONPs relieved estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species in vivo.Meanwhile,IONPs promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibited the osteoclast differentiation of monocytes from IONPs treated mice.Besides,alendronate,a clinically used anti-osteoporosis bisphosphate,was employed to precisely deliver the IONPs to the bone tissues and played a synergically therapeutic role.Eventually,we verified the bone targeting ability,therapeutic efficiency,and biocompatibility of the novel bone target iron oxides in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mice.By applying BTNPs,the OVX-induced osteoporosis was significantly revised in mice models via the positive regulation of bone metabolism.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grant 20935004 and 21774049).
文摘It is a long-term pursuit,and also,a challenge to significantly improve the mechanical strength of thermoplastic polymers using readily dispersed polymers as nanofillers.In this study,we demonstrated that in situ formed carboxylic acid-functionalized poly(aryl ether sulfone)(PAES-COOH)/polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVPON)complex nanoparticles can significantly enhance the mechanical strength of PAES-COOH by mixing PAES-COOH with a small fraction of PVPON.The PAES-COOH/PVPON10%composite,which contained∼10 wt%PVPON,exhibited a tensile strength of∼104.8 MPa and Young’s modulus of∼932.2 MPa,which were∼2.0 and∼1.7 times higher than those of the PAES-COOH,respectively.The PAES-COOH/PVPON nanoparticles which were uniformly dispersed in PAES-COOH matrices and had strong hydrogen-bonding interactions with PAES-COOH,served as nanofillers to reinforce the mechanical strength of the PAES-COOH.The PAES-COOH/PVPON_(10%)composites possessed excellent solvent-assisted healability,and the fractured composites could be healed to restore their original mechanical strength.Meanwhile,the PAES-COOH/PVPON_(10%)composites could be recycled multiple times,and yet retained their shape integration and their original mechanical strength.
