Phthalic acid is a main pollutant, which is also an important reason for the continuous cropping effect of tobacco. In order to degrade the phthalic acid accumulated in the environment and relieve the obstacle effect ...Phthalic acid is a main pollutant, which is also an important reason for the continuous cropping effect of tobacco. In order to degrade the phthalic acid accumulated in the environment and relieve the obstacle effect of tobacco continuous cropping caused by the accumulation of phthalic acid in the soil. In this study, phthalate degrading bacteria B3 is screened from continuous cropping tobacco soil. The results of biochemical identification and 16sDNA comparison show that the homology between degrading bacterium B3 and Enterobacter sp. is 99%. At the same time, the growth of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. B3 and the degradation of phthalic acid under different environmental conditions are studied. The results show that the environment with a temperature of 30˚C, PH of 7, and inoculation amount of not less than 1.2%, which is the optimal growth conditions for Enterobacter sp. B3. In an environment with a concentration of phthalic acid not exceeding 500 mg/L, Enterobacter sp. B3 has a better effect on phthalic acid degradation, and the degradation rate can reach 77% in 7 d. The results of indoor potting experiments on tobacco show that the degradation rate of phthalic acid by Enterobacter B3 in the soil is about 45%, which can reduce the inhibitory effect of phthalic acid on the growth of tobacco seedlings. This study enriches the microbial resources for degrading phthalic acid and provides a theoretical basis for alleviating tobacco continuous cropping obstacles.展开更多
Vegetable fields are often contaminated by heavy metals,and Spodoptera exigua is a major vegetable pest which is stressed by heavy metals mainly by feeding.In this study,cadmium accumulation in the tissues of S.exigua...Vegetable fields are often contaminated by heavy metals,and Spodoptera exigua is a major vegetable pest which is stressed by heavy metals mainly by feeding.In this study,cadmium accumulation in the tissues of S.exigua exposed to cadmium and its effects on the growth and development of the parents and the offspring were investigated.Under the stress of different concentrations of cadmium(0.2,3.2,and 51.2 mg kg^(-1)),the cadmium content in each tissue of S.exigua increased in a dose-dependent manner.At the larval stage,the highest cadmium accumulation was found in midgut in all three cadmium treatments,but at the adult stage,the highest cadmium content was found in fat body.In addition,the cadmium content in ovaries was much higher than in testes.When F1S.exigua was stressed by cadmium and the F_(2)generation was not fed a cadmium-containing diet,the larval survival,pupation rate,emergence rate and fecundity of the F_(2)generation were significantly reduced in the 51.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment compared to the corresponding F1generation.Even in the F_(2)generation of the 3.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment,the fecundity was significantly lower than in the parental generation.The fecundity of the only-female stressed treatment was significantly lower than that of the only-male stressed treatment at the 3.2 and 51.2 mg kg^(-1)cadmium exposure levels.When only mothers were stressed at the larval stage,the fecundity of the F_(2)generation was significantly lower than that of the F1generation in the 51.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment,and it was also significantly lower than in the 3.2 and 0.2 mg kg^(-1)treatments.The results of our study can provide useful information for forecasting the population increase trends under different heavy metal stress conditions and for the reliable environmental risk assessment of heavy metal pollution.展开更多
Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In thi...Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In this study,the slurry electrolysis technique was used to recover high-purity Fe powder from IREMR.The effects of IREMR and H2SO4 mass ratio,current density,reaction temper-ature,and electrolytic time on the leaching and current efficiencies of Fe were studied.According to the results,high-purity Fe powder can be recovered from the cathode plate,and the slurry electrolyte can be recycled.The leaching efficiency,current efficiency,and purity of Fe reached 92.58%,80.65%,and 98.72wt%,respectively,at a 1:2.5 mass ratio of H2SO4 and IREMR,reaction temperature of 60℃,electric current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),and reaction time of 8 h.In addition,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)analysis showed that the coercivity of electrolytic iron powder was 54.5 A/m,which reached the advanced magnetic grade of electrical pure-iron powder(DT4A coercivity standard).The slurry electrolytic method provides fundamental support for the industrial application of Fe resource recovery in IRMER.展开更多
Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysacch...Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.展开更多
Ephedroid macrofossils have been widely documented in Cretaceous deposits,including numerous from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of NE China.However,few ephedroid macrofossils have been reported from South Amer...Ephedroid macrofossils have been widely documented in Cretaceous deposits,including numerous from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of NE China.However,few ephedroid macrofossils have been reported from South America.Herein,we describe a new plant of the family Ephedraceae,Arlenea delicata gen.et sp.nov.,from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin,Northeast Brazil,based on the vegetative and reproductive structures.It has the typical morphological characteristics of ephedroid plants,including fertile reproductive branches,opposite phyllotaxy,terminal female cones,a sympodial branching system,longitudinally striated internodes,and swollen nodes.Our new finding is unusual in having inner chlamydosperms subtended by two pairs of bracts,reproductive units connected to branches through swollen receptacles and a smooth seed surface.This new ephedroid taxon from the Crato Formation increases our understanding of plant diversity of this group during the Early Cretaceous.Furthermore,the general morphology(fleshy bracts and enlarged receptacles)of this new fossil discovery indicates that seeds of this plant may have been dispersed by animals such as pterosaurs(mainly the Tapejaridae)and birds(Enantiornithes and Ornituromorpha).If true,this would explain the cosmopolitan distribution of Ephedraceae in the Lower Cretaceous.展开更多
Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources.However,the widespread adoption of efficient electro...Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources.However,the widespread adoption of efficient electrocatalysts,such as platinum(Pt),has been hindered by their high cost.In this study,we developed an easy-to-implement method to create ultrathin Pt nanomembranes,which catalyze HER at a cost significantly lower than commercial Pt/C and comparable to non-noble metal electrocatalysts.These Pt nanomembranes consist of highly distorted Pt nanocrystals and exhibit a heterogeneous elastic strain field,a characteristic rarely seen in conventional crystals.This unique feature results in significantly higher electrocatalytic efficiency than various forms of Pt electrocatalysts,including Pt/C,Pt foils,and numerous Pt singleatom or single-cluster catalysts.Our research offers a promising approach to develop highly efficient and cost-effective low-dimensional electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production,potentially addressing the challenges posed by the climate crisis.展开更多
There are three distinct genetic systems in higher plants,the dominant nuclear genome and the semi-autonomous organelle genomes(plastids and mitochondria).In contrast to the conserved plastid genome(plastome),the plan...There are three distinct genetic systems in higher plants,the dominant nuclear genome and the semi-autonomous organelle genomes(plastids and mitochondria).In contrast to the conserved plastid genome(plastome),the plant mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)is characterized by an intriguing“evolutionary paradox”distinguished by a remarkably low mutation rate but with a significantly high rearrangement rate(Palmer and Herbon,1988;Lai et al.,2022).展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the differences of photosynthetic physiological characteristics of different varieties(strains),which will provide a theoretical basis for high photosynthesis effici...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the differences of photosynthetic physiological characteristics of different varieties(strains),which will provide a theoretical basis for high photosynthesis efficiency breeding and application in Chinese chestnut.[Methods]Six Chinese chestnut varieties of Castanea mollissima‘Yanbao’,C.mollissima‘Yanqiu’,C.mollissima‘Yanchang’,C.mollissima‘Yanjia’,C.mollissima‘Qianxi 37’,and C.mollissima‘Hybrid 22’were used as the materials.Using the portable photosynthesis system Li-6400,we measured the photosynthetic characteristics and diurnal variation of leaf samples of six different chestnut varieties or strains.We fitted the light response curves and photosynthetic parameters using the leaf floating model.Additionally,we determined the chlorophyll content in the leaves using a UV-visible spectrophotometer.[Results]Among the six chestnut varieties or strains,‘Yanqiu’exhibited a significantly higher photosynthetic light saturation point(P LSP)compared to other five varieties,and‘Hybrid 22’ranked second,indicating that these two varieties had the strongest adaptation to high light intensity.The photosynthetic light compensation point(P LCP)of‘Yanchang’was significantly higher than other five varieties,and"Qianxi 37"ranked second,indicating that these two varieties had the strongest adaptation to low light intensity.Additionally,they exhibited higher chlorophyll content and maintained good photosynthetic characteristics even in shaded environments with weak light stress.Varieties‘Yanbao’and‘Yanjia’showed higher P LSP and lower P LCP,indicating that these two varieties have a wider range of adaptation to light intensity.They were capable of efficiently utilizing light across a broader spectrum of intensities.‘Yanqiu’had the highest maximum net photosynthetic rate(P n,max)and the lowest dark respiration rate(R d),along with the highest chlorophyll content.It indicated that‘Yanqiu’has strong photosynthetic capacity and organic matter accumulation ability.It also had the highest P LSP,enabling it to fully utilize the high light environment of the Yanshan Mountains and possessed high light efficiency characteristics.The P n,max of‘Yanqiu’was significantly higher than other varieties.‘Hybrid 22’and‘Yanbao’also exhibited significantly higher P n,max compared with‘Yanjia’and‘Qianxi 37’.‘Yanchang’had the lowest P n,max.The order of P n,max among the six chestnut varieties or strains was as follows:‘Yanqiu’>‘Hybrid 22’>‘Yanbao’>‘Yanjia’>‘Qianxi 37’>‘Yanchang’.[Conclusions]展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of applying ShuGan JieYu Capsules(SGJYC)combined with trazodone in patients with post-stroke depression(PSD)with insomnia.Methods:60 cases of PSD with insomnia patients admitted ...Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of applying ShuGan JieYu Capsules(SGJYC)combined with trazodone in patients with post-stroke depression(PSD)with insomnia.Methods:60 cases of PSD with insomnia patients admitted to the hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a reference group(trazodone)and a research group(SGJYC combined with trazodone)of 30 cases each.Statistics were analyzed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAM-D),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and Activities of Daily Living(ADL)scale before treatment and 4,8,and 12 weeks after treatment.Results:Before treatment,The results of HAM-D,PSQI,and ADL scale studies in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant(P>0.05);4,8,and 12 weeks after treatment,the results of HAM-D and PSQI studies in the research group were lower than that of the reference group,and the results of ADL scale studies were higher than that of the reference group.There was a significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).The total adverse reaction rate of the research group was lower than that of the reference group,and there was a significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of SGJYC and trazodone reduced depression in post-stroke patients,corrected insomnia,improved sleep quality,was safe,and had a low rate of adverse reactions.展开更多
Under the background of new engineering,the reform of the comprehensive practical course system for mechanical and electronic engineering majors actively responds to the challenges posed by the new round of technologi...Under the background of new engineering,the reform of the comprehensive practical course system for mechanical and electronic engineering majors actively responds to the challenges posed by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to higher education,cultivating top-notch innovative intellectuals with comprehensive engineering qualities,meeting the requirements of being able to solve complex engineering problems rather than just cognitive capabilities,forming two core courses through reconstructing and reshaping the core courses of the major.The core courses include Drive,Measurement,and Control I and Drive,Measurement,and Control II,which highlight the comprehensive framework of mechanical and electronic engineering professional knowledge,continuing the comprehensive practical course system based on the unity of knowledge and practice,following the trend of new engineering,highlighting the practicality of professional innovation,assisting engineering education reform,and promoting high-quality development of new engineering professionals cultivation.展开更多
Deep holes are very important in the decoding of generalized RS codes, and deep holes of RS codes have been widely studied, but there are few works on constructing general linear codes based on deep holes. Therefore, ...Deep holes are very important in the decoding of generalized RS codes, and deep holes of RS codes have been widely studied, but there are few works on constructing general linear codes based on deep holes. Therefore, we consider constructing binary linear codes by combining deep holes with binary BCH codes. In this article, we consider the 2-error-correcting binary primitive BCH codes and the extended codes to construct new binary linear codes by combining them with deep holes, respectively. Furthermore, three classes of binary linear codes are constructed, and then we determine the parameters and the weight distributions of these new binary linear codes.展开更多
植物光合作用是吸收光能,把CO_(2)和水转化成富能有机物,同时释放氧气的过程.受此启发,利用太阳光将CO_(2)转化为碳氢燃料的人工碳中和技术引起了广泛关注.人工光合作用能否成功实施取决于光催化剂的设计制备.无机半导体已被广泛研究用...植物光合作用是吸收光能,把CO_(2)和水转化成富能有机物,同时释放氧气的过程.受此启发,利用太阳光将CO_(2)转化为碳氢燃料的人工碳中和技术引起了广泛关注.人工光合作用能否成功实施取决于光催化剂的设计制备.无机半导体已被广泛研究用于CO_(2)光还原反应(CO_(2)PRR),但其存在金属氧化物的带隙较宽且难以调节、导致光吸收较差和金属硫化物的光腐蚀问题严重等明显的缺点.此外,高载流子复合率和低比表面积会影响光催化效率,从而限制光子利用.因此,基于有机聚合物的无金属催化剂因其突出的可设计调控性而被提出,其中,具有超高比表面积的材料—多孔芳香骨架(PAFs)聚合物是研究热点之一,但是传统PAFs材料多为二维平面结构,用于光催化的无金属三维PAFs报道较少.此外,具有孤对电子的杂原子(N,B,F)修饰的材料可以与CO_(2)分子产生特定的偶极-四极相互作用,提高材料对CO_(2)的吸附和活化能力,是提升有机聚合物光催化剂性能的有效策略.本文采用Sonogashira-Hagihara偶联将具有不同共轭程度的芳香炔烃(2,2’,7,7‘-四乙炔基-9,9’-螺二芴,SPF-T;四(4-乙炔基苯基)甲烷,TEPM-T;1,1,2,2-四(4-乙炔基苯基)乙烯,TEPE-T)与含有N杂原子的Tröger碱聚合制备了具有三维结构的多孔芳香骨架聚合物X-TB-PAFs(X=TEPE,TEPM,SPF).通过X-射线衍射、红外光谱、13C核磁共振(NMR)以及1H NMR等表征手段验证了目标聚合物的成功合成.通过紫外-可见光谱和Mott-Schottky曲线测试研究了聚合物具体的能带结构,发现三种PAFs聚合物材料在热力学上同时满足光催化CO_(2)-CO的还原反应条件(Eθ=-0.51 Vvs.NHE,pH=7)和光催化H2O-O_(2)的氧化条件(Eθ=0.82 V vs.NHE,pH=7).V形骨架结构的Tröger碱(TB)单元和芳炔的结合赋予了聚合物刚性稳定的孔隙率以及较高的比表面积,材料中的多孔结构可以使其暴露更多的活性位点,三维框架结构为反应物接近活性位点提供了丰富的开放式空腔,这些都有利于材料对CO_(2)的捕获,增强催化剂对CO_(2)的吸附/活化能力.此外,炔基充当连接通道还可以增强体系的载流子迁移率,提升材料的光催化性能.密度泛函理论计算和光电性能测试结果表明,TB官能团引入带来的分子内极化和电子陷阱位点的优势,其与三维共轭网络结构一起协同调节了光生载流子的分离和反应位点分布.三种三维PAFs中,基于全共轭结构TEPE-T的TEPE-TB-PAF表现出最高效的光生载流子传输与分离效率,在没有助催化剂和牺牲剂的情况下表现出较好的光催化CO产率(194.50μmolg^(-1)h^(-1))和近乎单一的选择性(99.74%).全共轭TEPE-T的引入和分子内极化的存在可以促进框架内载流子的分离和迁移.材料中的电偶极矩(从负电荷到正电荷)指向TB中含有叔氮官能团的桥接位点,使其成为明确的催化反应位点.光电流和阻抗测试结果表明,TEPE-TB-PAF具有更好的电子-空穴分离能力和更小的电荷迁移位阻.三维框架构建产生的多重散射截面可以促进材料中的光子吸收,从而提高其光催化性能.理论计算和原位漫反射傅立叶变换红外光谱结果表明,材料中CO解吸的低能垒和*CHO形成的高能垒是TEPE-TB-PAF高CO产率和选择性的根本机制.综上,本文为多功能高效有机聚合物光催化剂的合成提供了有效途径,并为同时改善光催化剂的转化率和选择性提供了借鉴.展开更多
American lotus(Nelumbo lutea)is one of the two species in Nelumbo and has only yellow flower.Identification of total flavonoids showed wild American lotus contained almost only flavonols with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide...American lotus(Nelumbo lutea)is one of the two species in Nelumbo and has only yellow flower.Identification of total flavonoids showed wild American lotus contained almost only flavonols with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide to be the dominant pigment.The variation tendency of the total flavonol content was coincident with yellow color variation of petals during flower development.To understand the mechanism of accumulation and constituent of pigments in petals,three pivotal genes,NlFLS1,NlFLS2 and NlFLS3,which were predicted to encode flavonol synthases were isolated and characterized by analyses of basic bioinformatics,temporal and spatial expression patterns and enzymatic activity.Their temporal expression levels showed the same variation tendency,which was also consistent with the development-dependent variation of total flavonol content.Spatial expression patterns indicated the three genes should function in petals.All the three proteins were demonstrated to be bifunctional dioxygenase,possessing both flavonol synthase activity and flavanone 3-hydroxylase activity.Besides,other flavonol biosynthesis related genes were also investigated on their expression levels to give more clues on the mechanism.Substrate preferences of the three FLSs,substrate competitions between the FLSs and other flavonol biosynthesis related enzymes,and the greatly differential expression levels between F3’H(flavonoid 3-hydroxylase)and F3’5’H(flavonoid 3,5-hydroxylase)contributed to the flavonol constituent in the petals of America lotus,namely abundant quercetin-derivatives while very few kaempferol-derivatives and myricetin-derivatives.展开更多
A self-powered solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)was successfully constructed on a Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction,which was fabricated by spin-coating the hydrothermally grown Bi_(2)WO_(6)onto MOCVD-...A self-powered solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)was successfully constructed on a Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction,which was fabricated by spin-coating the hydrothermally grown Bi_(2)WO_(6)onto MOCVD-grown Ga_(2)O_(3)film.The results show that a typical type-I heterojunction is formed at the interface of the Ga_(2)O_(3)film and clustered Bi_(2)WO_(6),which demonstrates a distinct photovoltaic effect with an open-circuit voltage of 0.18 V under the irradiation of 254 nm UV light.Moreover,the Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)PD displays excellent photodetection performance with an ultra-low dark current of~6 fA,and a high light-to-dark current ratio(PDCR)of 3.5 x 10^(4)in self-powered mode(0 V),as well as a best responsivity result of 2.21 mA/W in power supply mode(5 V).Furthermore,the PD possesses a stable and fast response speed under different light intensities and voltages.At zero voltage,the PD exhibits a fast rise time of 132 ms and 162 ms,as well as a quick decay time of 69 ms and 522 ms,respectively.In general,the newly attempted Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction may become a potential candidate for the realization of self-powered and high-performance UV photodetectors.展开更多
Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants.Tree peony(Paeonia×suffruticosa)originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections,Delavayanae...Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants.Tree peony(Paeonia×suffruticosa)originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections,Delavayanae and Vaginatae.Their f lowers are beloved worldwide for their sweet f loral fragrance,yet the f lavor-related volatiles and underlying biosynthetic pathways remain unknown.Here,we characterized the volatile blends of all wild tree peony species and found that the flavor-related volatiles were highly divergent,but linalool was a unique monoterpene in subsect.Delavayanae.Further detection of volatiles in 97 cultivars with various genetic backgrounds showed that linalool was also the characteristic aroma component in Paeonia delavayi hybrid progenies,suggesting that linalool was conserved and dominant within subsect.Delavayanae and its hybrids,instead of species and cultivars from subsect.Vaginatae.Global transcriptome analysis of all wild tree peony species and 60 cultivars revealed five candidate genes that may be involved in key steps of linalool biosynthesis;especially the expressions of three TPS genes,PdTPS1,PdTPS2,and PdTPS4,were significantly positively correlated with linalool emissions across tree peony cultivars.Further biochemical evidence demonstrated that PdTPS1 and PdTPS4were the pivotal genes determining the species-specific and cultivar-specific emission of linalool.This study revealed a new insight into floral scent divergence in tree peony and would greatly facilitate our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Paeonia.展开更多
The dendrite growth that results from the slow electrode process kinetics prevents the lithium(Li) metal anode from being used in practical applications. Here, full-chain enhanced ion transport for stabilizing Li meta...The dendrite growth that results from the slow electrode process kinetics prevents the lithium(Li) metal anode from being used in practical applications. Here, full-chain enhanced ion transport for stabilizing Li metal anodes is proposed. Experimental and theoretical studies confirm that full-chain enhanced ion transport(electrocrystallization, mass transport in the electrolyte and diffusion in solid electrolyte interphase) under magnetoelectrochemistry contributes to a homogeneous, dense, and dendrite-free morphology. Specifically, the enhanced electrocrystallization behavior promotes the Li nucleation;the enhanced mass transport in the electrolyte alleviates the ion concentration gradient at the electrode surface, which helps to inhibit dendrite growth;and the enhanced diffusion in the solid electrolyte interphase further homogenizes the Li deposition behavior, obtaining regular and uniform Li particles.Consequently, the Li metal anode has exceptional cycling stability in both symmetric and full cells,and the pouch cell performs long cycles(170 cycles) in practice evaluation. This work advances fundamental knowledge of the magneto-dendrite effect and offers a new perspective on stabilizing metal anodes.展开更多
Corona discharge, as a common means to obtain non-equilibrium plasma, can generally obtain high-concentration plasma by increasing discharge points to meet production needs. However,the existing numerical simulation m...Corona discharge, as a common means to obtain non-equilibrium plasma, can generally obtain high-concentration plasma by increasing discharge points to meet production needs. However,the existing numerical simulation models used to study multi-point corona discharge are all calculations of small-scale space models, which cannot obtain the distribution characteristics of plasma in large space. Based on our previous research, this paper proposes a hybrid model for studying the distribution of multi-point discharge plasma in large-scale spaces, which divides the computational domain and computes separately with the hydrodynamic model and the ion mobility model. The simulation results are verified by a needle–ball electrode device. Firstly, the electric field distribution and plasma distribution of the needle electrodes with single tip and double tips are compared and discussed. Secondly, the plasma distribution of the needle electrode with the double tip at different voltages is investigated. Both computational and experimental results indicate that the charged particle concentration and current of the needle electrode with double tips are both twice as high as those of the needle electrode with a single tip. This model can extend the computational area of the multi-point corona discharge finite element model to the sub-meter(25 cm) or meter level, which provides an effective means to study the plasma distribution generated by multiple discharge points in large-scale space.展开更多
文摘Phthalic acid is a main pollutant, which is also an important reason for the continuous cropping effect of tobacco. In order to degrade the phthalic acid accumulated in the environment and relieve the obstacle effect of tobacco continuous cropping caused by the accumulation of phthalic acid in the soil. In this study, phthalate degrading bacteria B3 is screened from continuous cropping tobacco soil. The results of biochemical identification and 16sDNA comparison show that the homology between degrading bacterium B3 and Enterobacter sp. is 99%. At the same time, the growth of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. B3 and the degradation of phthalic acid under different environmental conditions are studied. The results show that the environment with a temperature of 30˚C, PH of 7, and inoculation amount of not less than 1.2%, which is the optimal growth conditions for Enterobacter sp. B3. In an environment with a concentration of phthalic acid not exceeding 500 mg/L, Enterobacter sp. B3 has a better effect on phthalic acid degradation, and the degradation rate can reach 77% in 7 d. The results of indoor potting experiments on tobacco show that the degradation rate of phthalic acid by Enterobacter B3 in the soil is about 45%, which can reduce the inhibitory effect of phthalic acid on the growth of tobacco seedlings. This study enriches the microbial resources for degrading phthalic acid and provides a theoretical basis for alleviating tobacco continuous cropping obstacles.
基金partially supported by the Open Project Program from the Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs),China(212103)。
文摘Vegetable fields are often contaminated by heavy metals,and Spodoptera exigua is a major vegetable pest which is stressed by heavy metals mainly by feeding.In this study,cadmium accumulation in the tissues of S.exigua exposed to cadmium and its effects on the growth and development of the parents and the offspring were investigated.Under the stress of different concentrations of cadmium(0.2,3.2,and 51.2 mg kg^(-1)),the cadmium content in each tissue of S.exigua increased in a dose-dependent manner.At the larval stage,the highest cadmium accumulation was found in midgut in all three cadmium treatments,but at the adult stage,the highest cadmium content was found in fat body.In addition,the cadmium content in ovaries was much higher than in testes.When F1S.exigua was stressed by cadmium and the F_(2)generation was not fed a cadmium-containing diet,the larval survival,pupation rate,emergence rate and fecundity of the F_(2)generation were significantly reduced in the 51.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment compared to the corresponding F1generation.Even in the F_(2)generation of the 3.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment,the fecundity was significantly lower than in the parental generation.The fecundity of the only-female stressed treatment was significantly lower than that of the only-male stressed treatment at the 3.2 and 51.2 mg kg^(-1)cadmium exposure levels.When only mothers were stressed at the larval stage,the fecundity of the F_(2)generation was significantly lower than that of the F1generation in the 51.2 mg kg^(-1)treatment,and it was also significantly lower than in the 3.2 and 0.2 mg kg^(-1)treatments.The results of our study can provide useful information for forecasting the population increase trends under different heavy metal stress conditions and for the reliable environmental risk assessment of heavy metal pollution.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi Province,China (No.AB23075174)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52174386)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province,China (No.2022YFS0459).
文摘Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In this study,the slurry electrolysis technique was used to recover high-purity Fe powder from IREMR.The effects of IREMR and H2SO4 mass ratio,current density,reaction temper-ature,and electrolytic time on the leaching and current efficiencies of Fe were studied.According to the results,high-purity Fe powder can be recovered from the cathode plate,and the slurry electrolyte can be recycled.The leaching efficiency,current efficiency,and purity of Fe reached 92.58%,80.65%,and 98.72wt%,respectively,at a 1:2.5 mass ratio of H2SO4 and IREMR,reaction temperature of 60℃,electric current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),and reaction time of 8 h.In addition,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)analysis showed that the coercivity of electrolytic iron powder was 54.5 A/m,which reached the advanced magnetic grade of electrical pure-iron powder(DT4A coercivity standard).The slurry electrolytic method provides fundamental support for the industrial application of Fe resource recovery in IRMER.
基金supported by the Province Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China (2022JJ5410)Special Project on Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction of Hunan,China (2022-67)。
文摘Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.
基金the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico CNPq Processo nº406902/2022e4(INCT PALEOVERT)Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES for the financial support grant to A.M.N.Ribeiro(88887520216/2020e00)+1 种基金the Fundaçao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico-FUNCAP for the financial support grant to R.A.M.Bantim(#BMD-0124-00302.01.01/19)A.A.F.Saraiva(#BP3-013900202.01.00/18).
文摘Ephedroid macrofossils have been widely documented in Cretaceous deposits,including numerous from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of NE China.However,few ephedroid macrofossils have been reported from South America.Herein,we describe a new plant of the family Ephedraceae,Arlenea delicata gen.et sp.nov.,from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin,Northeast Brazil,based on the vegetative and reproductive structures.It has the typical morphological characteristics of ephedroid plants,including fertile reproductive branches,opposite phyllotaxy,terminal female cones,a sympodial branching system,longitudinally striated internodes,and swollen nodes.Our new finding is unusual in having inner chlamydosperms subtended by two pairs of bracts,reproductive units connected to branches through swollen receptacles and a smooth seed surface.This new ephedroid taxon from the Crato Formation increases our understanding of plant diversity of this group during the Early Cretaceous.Furthermore,the general morphology(fleshy bracts and enlarged receptacles)of this new fossil discovery indicates that seeds of this plant may have been dispersed by animals such as pterosaurs(mainly the Tapejaridae)and birds(Enantiornithes and Ornituromorpha).If true,this would explain the cosmopolitan distribution of Ephedraceae in the Lower Cretaceous.
基金The research of YY is supported by the Research Grant Council(RGC)through the General Research Fund(GRF)with the grant number N_CityU 109/21,CityU11213118 and CityU11209317.
文摘Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources.However,the widespread adoption of efficient electrocatalysts,such as platinum(Pt),has been hindered by their high cost.In this study,we developed an easy-to-implement method to create ultrathin Pt nanomembranes,which catalyze HER at a cost significantly lower than commercial Pt/C and comparable to non-noble metal electrocatalysts.These Pt nanomembranes consist of highly distorted Pt nanocrystals and exhibit a heterogeneous elastic strain field,a characteristic rarely seen in conventional crystals.This unique feature results in significantly higher electrocatalytic efficiency than various forms of Pt electrocatalysts,including Pt/C,Pt foils,and numerous Pt singleatom or single-cluster catalysts.Our research offers a promising approach to develop highly efficient and cost-effective low-dimensional electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production,potentially addressing the challenges posed by the climate crisis.
基金The work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220414)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(22KJB220003).
文摘There are three distinct genetic systems in higher plants,the dominant nuclear genome and the semi-autonomous organelle genomes(plastids and mitochondria).In contrast to the conserved plastid genome(plastome),the plant mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)is characterized by an intriguing“evolutionary paradox”distinguished by a remarkably low mutation rate but with a significantly high rearrangement rate(Palmer and Herbon,1988;Lai et al.,2022).
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD2200400)Doctoral Started Fund of Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology (2023YB026)Hebei Qinglong Chinese Chestnut Technological Yard.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the differences of photosynthetic physiological characteristics of different varieties(strains),which will provide a theoretical basis for high photosynthesis efficiency breeding and application in Chinese chestnut.[Methods]Six Chinese chestnut varieties of Castanea mollissima‘Yanbao’,C.mollissima‘Yanqiu’,C.mollissima‘Yanchang’,C.mollissima‘Yanjia’,C.mollissima‘Qianxi 37’,and C.mollissima‘Hybrid 22’were used as the materials.Using the portable photosynthesis system Li-6400,we measured the photosynthetic characteristics and diurnal variation of leaf samples of six different chestnut varieties or strains.We fitted the light response curves and photosynthetic parameters using the leaf floating model.Additionally,we determined the chlorophyll content in the leaves using a UV-visible spectrophotometer.[Results]Among the six chestnut varieties or strains,‘Yanqiu’exhibited a significantly higher photosynthetic light saturation point(P LSP)compared to other five varieties,and‘Hybrid 22’ranked second,indicating that these two varieties had the strongest adaptation to high light intensity.The photosynthetic light compensation point(P LCP)of‘Yanchang’was significantly higher than other five varieties,and"Qianxi 37"ranked second,indicating that these two varieties had the strongest adaptation to low light intensity.Additionally,they exhibited higher chlorophyll content and maintained good photosynthetic characteristics even in shaded environments with weak light stress.Varieties‘Yanbao’and‘Yanjia’showed higher P LSP and lower P LCP,indicating that these two varieties have a wider range of adaptation to light intensity.They were capable of efficiently utilizing light across a broader spectrum of intensities.‘Yanqiu’had the highest maximum net photosynthetic rate(P n,max)and the lowest dark respiration rate(R d),along with the highest chlorophyll content.It indicated that‘Yanqiu’has strong photosynthetic capacity and organic matter accumulation ability.It also had the highest P LSP,enabling it to fully utilize the high light environment of the Yanshan Mountains and possessed high light efficiency characteristics.The P n,max of‘Yanqiu’was significantly higher than other varieties.‘Hybrid 22’and‘Yanbao’also exhibited significantly higher P n,max compared with‘Yanjia’and‘Qianxi 37’.‘Yanchang’had the lowest P n,max.The order of P n,max among the six chestnut varieties or strains was as follows:‘Yanqiu’>‘Hybrid 22’>‘Yanbao’>‘Yanjia’>‘Qianxi 37’>‘Yanchang’.[Conclusions]
基金Research Project on Heilongjiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine No.ZHY2022-057。
文摘Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of applying ShuGan JieYu Capsules(SGJYC)combined with trazodone in patients with post-stroke depression(PSD)with insomnia.Methods:60 cases of PSD with insomnia patients admitted to the hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a reference group(trazodone)and a research group(SGJYC combined with trazodone)of 30 cases each.Statistics were analyzed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAM-D),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and Activities of Daily Living(ADL)scale before treatment and 4,8,and 12 weeks after treatment.Results:Before treatment,The results of HAM-D,PSQI,and ADL scale studies in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant(P>0.05);4,8,and 12 weeks after treatment,the results of HAM-D and PSQI studies in the research group were lower than that of the reference group,and the results of ADL scale studies were higher than that of the reference group.There was a significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).The total adverse reaction rate of the research group was lower than that of the reference group,and there was a significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of SGJYC and trazodone reduced depression in post-stroke patients,corrected insomnia,improved sleep quality,was safe,and had a low rate of adverse reactions.
文摘Under the background of new engineering,the reform of the comprehensive practical course system for mechanical and electronic engineering majors actively responds to the challenges posed by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to higher education,cultivating top-notch innovative intellectuals with comprehensive engineering qualities,meeting the requirements of being able to solve complex engineering problems rather than just cognitive capabilities,forming two core courses through reconstructing and reshaping the core courses of the major.The core courses include Drive,Measurement,and Control I and Drive,Measurement,and Control II,which highlight the comprehensive framework of mechanical and electronic engineering professional knowledge,continuing the comprehensive practical course system based on the unity of knowledge and practice,following the trend of new engineering,highlighting the practicality of professional innovation,assisting engineering education reform,and promoting high-quality development of new engineering professionals cultivation.
文摘Deep holes are very important in the decoding of generalized RS codes, and deep holes of RS codes have been widely studied, but there are few works on constructing general linear codes based on deep holes. Therefore, we consider constructing binary linear codes by combining deep holes with binary BCH codes. In this article, we consider the 2-error-correcting binary primitive BCH codes and the extended codes to construct new binary linear codes by combining them with deep holes, respectively. Furthermore, three classes of binary linear codes are constructed, and then we determine the parameters and the weight distributions of these new binary linear codes.
文摘植物光合作用是吸收光能,把CO_(2)和水转化成富能有机物,同时释放氧气的过程.受此启发,利用太阳光将CO_(2)转化为碳氢燃料的人工碳中和技术引起了广泛关注.人工光合作用能否成功实施取决于光催化剂的设计制备.无机半导体已被广泛研究用于CO_(2)光还原反应(CO_(2)PRR),但其存在金属氧化物的带隙较宽且难以调节、导致光吸收较差和金属硫化物的光腐蚀问题严重等明显的缺点.此外,高载流子复合率和低比表面积会影响光催化效率,从而限制光子利用.因此,基于有机聚合物的无金属催化剂因其突出的可设计调控性而被提出,其中,具有超高比表面积的材料—多孔芳香骨架(PAFs)聚合物是研究热点之一,但是传统PAFs材料多为二维平面结构,用于光催化的无金属三维PAFs报道较少.此外,具有孤对电子的杂原子(N,B,F)修饰的材料可以与CO_(2)分子产生特定的偶极-四极相互作用,提高材料对CO_(2)的吸附和活化能力,是提升有机聚合物光催化剂性能的有效策略.本文采用Sonogashira-Hagihara偶联将具有不同共轭程度的芳香炔烃(2,2’,7,7‘-四乙炔基-9,9’-螺二芴,SPF-T;四(4-乙炔基苯基)甲烷,TEPM-T;1,1,2,2-四(4-乙炔基苯基)乙烯,TEPE-T)与含有N杂原子的Tröger碱聚合制备了具有三维结构的多孔芳香骨架聚合物X-TB-PAFs(X=TEPE,TEPM,SPF).通过X-射线衍射、红外光谱、13C核磁共振(NMR)以及1H NMR等表征手段验证了目标聚合物的成功合成.通过紫外-可见光谱和Mott-Schottky曲线测试研究了聚合物具体的能带结构,发现三种PAFs聚合物材料在热力学上同时满足光催化CO_(2)-CO的还原反应条件(Eθ=-0.51 Vvs.NHE,pH=7)和光催化H2O-O_(2)的氧化条件(Eθ=0.82 V vs.NHE,pH=7).V形骨架结构的Tröger碱(TB)单元和芳炔的结合赋予了聚合物刚性稳定的孔隙率以及较高的比表面积,材料中的多孔结构可以使其暴露更多的活性位点,三维框架结构为反应物接近活性位点提供了丰富的开放式空腔,这些都有利于材料对CO_(2)的捕获,增强催化剂对CO_(2)的吸附/活化能力.此外,炔基充当连接通道还可以增强体系的载流子迁移率,提升材料的光催化性能.密度泛函理论计算和光电性能测试结果表明,TB官能团引入带来的分子内极化和电子陷阱位点的优势,其与三维共轭网络结构一起协同调节了光生载流子的分离和反应位点分布.三种三维PAFs中,基于全共轭结构TEPE-T的TEPE-TB-PAF表现出最高效的光生载流子传输与分离效率,在没有助催化剂和牺牲剂的情况下表现出较好的光催化CO产率(194.50μmolg^(-1)h^(-1))和近乎单一的选择性(99.74%).全共轭TEPE-T的引入和分子内极化的存在可以促进框架内载流子的分离和迁移.材料中的电偶极矩(从负电荷到正电荷)指向TB中含有叔氮官能团的桥接位点,使其成为明确的催化反应位点.光电流和阻抗测试结果表明,TEPE-TB-PAF具有更好的电子-空穴分离能力和更小的电荷迁移位阻.三维框架构建产生的多重散射截面可以促进材料中的光子吸收,从而提高其光催化性能.理论计算和原位漫反射傅立叶变换红外光谱结果表明,材料中CO解吸的低能垒和*CHO形成的高能垒是TEPE-TB-PAF高CO产率和选择性的根本机制.综上,本文为多功能高效有机聚合物光催化剂的合成提供了有效途径,并为同时改善光催化剂的转化率和选择性提供了借鉴.
基金supported by the Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KFJ-BRP-007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072620)the Shanghai Landscaping Administration Bureau(Grant No.G202405,G192415,G192407,G182412)。
文摘American lotus(Nelumbo lutea)is one of the two species in Nelumbo and has only yellow flower.Identification of total flavonoids showed wild American lotus contained almost only flavonols with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide to be the dominant pigment.The variation tendency of the total flavonol content was coincident with yellow color variation of petals during flower development.To understand the mechanism of accumulation and constituent of pigments in petals,three pivotal genes,NlFLS1,NlFLS2 and NlFLS3,which were predicted to encode flavonol synthases were isolated and characterized by analyses of basic bioinformatics,temporal and spatial expression patterns and enzymatic activity.Their temporal expression levels showed the same variation tendency,which was also consistent with the development-dependent variation of total flavonol content.Spatial expression patterns indicated the three genes should function in petals.All the three proteins were demonstrated to be bifunctional dioxygenase,possessing both flavonol synthase activity and flavanone 3-hydroxylase activity.Besides,other flavonol biosynthesis related genes were also investigated on their expression levels to give more clues on the mechanism.Substrate preferences of the three FLSs,substrate competitions between the FLSs and other flavonol biosynthesis related enzymes,and the greatly differential expression levels between F3’H(flavonoid 3-hydroxylase)and F3’5’H(flavonoid 3,5-hydroxylase)contributed to the flavonol constituent in the petals of America lotus,namely abundant quercetin-derivatives while very few kaempferol-derivatives and myricetin-derivatives.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3605404)Natural Science Research Start up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant Nos.XK1060921119,XK1060921115,and XK1060921002)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62204125)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721689)。
文摘A self-powered solar-blind ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)was successfully constructed on a Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction,which was fabricated by spin-coating the hydrothermally grown Bi_(2)WO_(6)onto MOCVD-grown Ga_(2)O_(3)film.The results show that a typical type-I heterojunction is formed at the interface of the Ga_(2)O_(3)film and clustered Bi_(2)WO_(6),which demonstrates a distinct photovoltaic effect with an open-circuit voltage of 0.18 V under the irradiation of 254 nm UV light.Moreover,the Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)PD displays excellent photodetection performance with an ultra-low dark current of~6 fA,and a high light-to-dark current ratio(PDCR)of 3.5 x 10^(4)in self-powered mode(0 V),as well as a best responsivity result of 2.21 mA/W in power supply mode(5 V).Furthermore,the PD possesses a stable and fast response speed under different light intensities and voltages.At zero voltage,the PD exhibits a fast rise time of 132 ms and 162 ms,as well as a quick decay time of 69 ms and 522 ms,respectively.In general,the newly attempted Ga_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction may become a potential candidate for the realization of self-powered and high-performance UV photodetectors.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2018YFD1000400).
文摘Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants.Tree peony(Paeonia×suffruticosa)originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections,Delavayanae and Vaginatae.Their f lowers are beloved worldwide for their sweet f loral fragrance,yet the f lavor-related volatiles and underlying biosynthetic pathways remain unknown.Here,we characterized the volatile blends of all wild tree peony species and found that the flavor-related volatiles were highly divergent,but linalool was a unique monoterpene in subsect.Delavayanae.Further detection of volatiles in 97 cultivars with various genetic backgrounds showed that linalool was also the characteristic aroma component in Paeonia delavayi hybrid progenies,suggesting that linalool was conserved and dominant within subsect.Delavayanae and its hybrids,instead of species and cultivars from subsect.Vaginatae.Global transcriptome analysis of all wild tree peony species and 60 cultivars revealed five candidate genes that may be involved in key steps of linalool biosynthesis;especially the expressions of three TPS genes,PdTPS1,PdTPS2,and PdTPS4,were significantly positively correlated with linalool emissions across tree peony cultivars.Further biochemical evidence demonstrated that PdTPS1 and PdTPS4were the pivotal genes determining the species-specific and cultivar-specific emission of linalool.This study revealed a new insight into floral scent divergence in tree peony and would greatly facilitate our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Paeonia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51974256 and 52034011)the Outstanding Young Scholars of Shaanxi (2019JC-12)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province (2019JLZ-01 and 2019JLM-29)the Fundamental Research Funds of Universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (21300-5223735)。
文摘The dendrite growth that results from the slow electrode process kinetics prevents the lithium(Li) metal anode from being used in practical applications. Here, full-chain enhanced ion transport for stabilizing Li metal anodes is proposed. Experimental and theoretical studies confirm that full-chain enhanced ion transport(electrocrystallization, mass transport in the electrolyte and diffusion in solid electrolyte interphase) under magnetoelectrochemistry contributes to a homogeneous, dense, and dendrite-free morphology. Specifically, the enhanced electrocrystallization behavior promotes the Li nucleation;the enhanced mass transport in the electrolyte alleviates the ion concentration gradient at the electrode surface, which helps to inhibit dendrite growth;and the enhanced diffusion in the solid electrolyte interphase further homogenizes the Li deposition behavior, obtaining regular and uniform Li particles.Consequently, the Li metal anode has exceptional cycling stability in both symmetric and full cells,and the pouch cell performs long cycles(170 cycles) in practice evaluation. This work advances fundamental knowledge of the magneto-dendrite effect and offers a new perspective on stabilizing metal anodes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52207158 and 51821005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HUST: No.2022JYCXJJ012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2016YFC0401002 and 2016YFC0401006)。
文摘Corona discharge, as a common means to obtain non-equilibrium plasma, can generally obtain high-concentration plasma by increasing discharge points to meet production needs. However,the existing numerical simulation models used to study multi-point corona discharge are all calculations of small-scale space models, which cannot obtain the distribution characteristics of plasma in large space. Based on our previous research, this paper proposes a hybrid model for studying the distribution of multi-point discharge plasma in large-scale spaces, which divides the computational domain and computes separately with the hydrodynamic model and the ion mobility model. The simulation results are verified by a needle–ball electrode device. Firstly, the electric field distribution and plasma distribution of the needle electrodes with single tip and double tips are compared and discussed. Secondly, the plasma distribution of the needle electrode with the double tip at different voltages is investigated. Both computational and experimental results indicate that the charged particle concentration and current of the needle electrode with double tips are both twice as high as those of the needle electrode with a single tip. This model can extend the computational area of the multi-point corona discharge finite element model to the sub-meter(25 cm) or meter level, which provides an effective means to study the plasma distribution generated by multiple discharge points in large-scale space.
