Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)affects intestinal growth,morphology,and function,which leads to poor growth performance and high mortality.The present study explored whether maternal dietary methyl do...Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)affects intestinal growth,morphology,and function,which leads to poor growth performance and high mortality.The present study explored whether maternal dietary methyl donor(MET)supplementation alleviates IUGR and enhances offspring’s growth performance by improving intestinal growth,function,and DNA methylation of the ileum in a porcine IUGR model.Methods Forty multiparous sows were allocated to the control or MET diet groups from mating until delivery.After farrowing,8 pairs of IUGR and normal birth weight piglets from 8 litters were selected for sampling before suckling colostrum.Results The results showed that maternal MET supplementation tended to decrease the IUGR incidence and increased the average weaning weight of piglets.Moreover,maternal MET supplementation significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of isoleucine,cysteine,urea,and total amino acids in sows and newborn pig-lets.It also increased lactase and sucrase activity in the jejunum of newborn piglets.MET addition resulted in lower ileal methionine synthase activity and increased betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity in the ileum of newborn piglets.DNA methylation analysis of the ileum showed that MET supplementation increased the methyla-tion level of DNA CpG sites in the ileum of newborn piglets.Down-regulated differentially methylated genes were enriched in folic acid binding,insulin receptor signaling pathway,and endothelial cell proliferation.In contrast,up-regulated methylated genes were enriched in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway and nitric oxide biosyn-thetic process.Conclusions Maternal MET supplementation can reduce the incidence of IUGR and increase the weaning litter weight of piglets,which may be associated with better intestinal function and methylation status.展开更多
Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracte...Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.展开更多
Background The feed intake of sows during lactation is often lower than their needs.High-fiber feed is usually used during gestation to increase the voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation.However,the mechanism...Background The feed intake of sows during lactation is often lower than their needs.High-fiber feed is usually used during gestation to increase the voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation.However,the mechanism underlying the effect of bulky diets on the appetites of sows during lactation have not been fully clarified.The current study was conducted to determine whether a high-fiber diet during gestation improves lactational feed intake(LFI)of sows by modulating gut microbiota.Methods We selected an appropriate high-fiber diet during gestation and utilized the fecal microbial transplanta-tion(FMT)method to conduct research on the role of the gut microbiota in feed intake regulation of sows during lactation,as follows:high-fiber(HF)diet during gestation(n=23),low-fiber(LF)diet during gestation(n=23),and low-fiber diet+HF-FMT(LFM)during gestation(n=23).Results Compared with the LF,sows in the HF and LFM groups had a higher LFI,while the sows also had higher peptide tyrosine tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide 1 on d 110 of gestation(G110 d).The litter weight gain of piglets during lactation and weaning weight of piglets from LFM group were higher than LF group.Sows given a HF diet had lower Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella,on G110 d and higher Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus,on d 7 of lactation(L7 d).The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was reduced by HF-FMT in numerically compared with the LF.In addition,HF and HF-FMT both decreased the perinatal concentrations of proinflammatory factors,such as endotoxin(ET),lipocalin-2(LCN-2),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).The concentration of ET and LCN-2 and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Escheri-chia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the LFI of sows.Conclusion The high abundance of Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella of LF sows in late gestation,led to increased endotoxin levels,which result in inflammatory responses and adverse effects on the LFI of sows.Add-ing HF during gestation reverses this process by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus.展开更多
Background:Organic selenium supplementation during gestation improves the antioxidant status and reproduc-tive performance of sows and increases the antioxidative capacity of the intestines of their offspring.This stu...Background:Organic selenium supplementation during gestation improves the antioxidant status and reproduc-tive performance of sows and increases the antioxidative capacity of the intestines of their offspring.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal basel diet(control)supplemented with an organic Se,2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid(HMSeBA),or inorganic sodium selenite(Na_(2)SeO_(3))during gestation on the antioxidant status and development of muscle in newborn and weaned piglets.Newborn piglets before colostrum intake and weaned piglets were selected for longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle collection and analysis.Results:The results showed that maternal HMSeBA supplementation increased the muscle area and content of Se in the LD muscle of newborn piglets,improved gene expression of selenoproteins,and decreased oxidative status in the LD muscle of both newborn and weaned piglets compared with the control.The expression of muscle development-related genes of newborn piglets in the HMSeBA group was lower than in the control group,whereas the expression of MRF4 in weaned piglets was higher in the HMSeBA group than in the control and Na_(2)SeO_(3)groups.In addition,HMSeBA supplementation decreased the mRNA expressions of myosin heavy chains(MyHC)IIx and MyHC IIb and the percentage of MyHC IIb;increased the expression of PGC-1αin the LD muscle of newborn piglets;increased the gene expression of MyHC IIa;and decreased the protein expression of slow MyHC and the activity of malate dehydrogenase in the LD muscle of weaned piglets compared with the control group.Conclusions:Maternal HMSeBA supplementation during gestation can improve the antioxidative capacity of the muscle of their offspring and promote the maturity of muscle fibres in weaned offspring.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415(E.faecium)on intestinal development,immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets chal...Background:This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415(E.faecium)on intestinal development,immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88(ETEC).A total of 961-day-old sow-reared piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups,with 48 piglets in each group.The piglets were from 16 litters(6 piglets each litter),and 3 piglets each litter were allocated to the E.faecium-supplemented(PRO)group,while the other 3 piglets were allocated to the control(CON)group.After colostrum intake,piglets in the PRO group were orally administrated with 3×10~9 CFU E.faecium per day for a period of one week.On day 8,one piglet per litter from each group was challenged(CON+ETEC,PRO+ETEC)or not(CON-ETEC,PRO-ETEC)with ETEC in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.On day 10(2 days after challenge),blood and tissue samples were obtained from piglets.Results:Before ETEC challenge,there were no significant differences for the average daily gain(ADG)and fecal score between the two groups of piglets.After ETEC challenge,the challenged piglets had greater fecal score compared to the non-challenged piglets,whereas E.faecium administration was able to decrease the fecal score.Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height,deeper crypt depth,and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased m RNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum,whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes,concentrations of IL-1βin the plasma and TNF-αin the ileal mucosa,as well as increased the m RNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue.These deleterious effects caused by ETEC were partly alleviated by feeding E.faecium.In addition,piglets in PRO-ETEC group had decreased the percentage of CD8^+T cells of the peripheral blood when compared to those in CON-ETEC group.Moreover,E.faecium administration increased Verrucomicrobia at phylum level and decreased Bilophila at genus level.Conclusions:These results suggest that oral administration of E.faecium alleviated the intestinal injury and diarrhea severity of neonatal piglets challenged by ETEC,partly through improving the intestinal microbiota and immune response.This offers a potential strategy of dietary intervention against intestinal impairment by ETEC in neonatal piglets.展开更多
Background: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of guar gum and cellulose as the source of dietary fiber during gestation on the reproductive performance of sows.Methods: A total of 210 sows(parities 3–6) wer...Background: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of guar gum and cellulose as the source of dietary fiber during gestation on the reproductive performance of sows.Methods: A total of 210 sows(parities 3–6) were randomly allocated into six diets(n = 35) throughout gestation to feed graded levels of dietary fiber(DF), including a corn-soybean meal-based control diet with no wheat bran inclusion(CON, 12.5% DF), a wheat bran-rich diet(DF1, 17.4% DF), and another 4 diets(DF2, 17.7% DF;DF3, 18.1%DF;DF4, 18.4% DF;DF5, 18.8% DF) in which wheat bran were equally substituted by 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% purified FIBER MIX(guar gum and cellulose, 1:4). All sows received similar DE and other nutrients throughout gestation.Results: DF treatment during gestation resulted in normal fecal score(1 to 5 with 1 = dry and 5 = watery) in sows compared with those received the CON diet(P < 0.05). The number of total born piglets had a tendency to be affected by dietary treatment(P = 0.07), and correlation analysis revealed a linear response of total born to dietary fiber levels during gestation(P < 0.01). Sows received the DF2, DF3, and DF5 diets during gestation had a greater ADFI during lactation compared with those in the CON group(P < 0.05) without affecting the daily body weight gain of suckling piglets. Gut microbiota compositions were dramatically changed by the gestation stage and some of those were changed by DF inclusion. Fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate of sows were markedly increased in late gestation, and butyrate contents in feces of gestating sows were significantly affected by DF levels(P < 0.01).Serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory TNF-α were decreased and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased on day30 of gestation by DF levels(P < 0.05).Conclusions: In summary, increasing dietary fiber levels by guar gum and cellulose during gestation improved the reproductive performance of sows, which might be related to changes in immunity and gut microbiota of sows.展开更多
Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder(MK)and fish meal(FM)by enzymatic soybean(ESB)in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and g...Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder(MK)and fish meal(FM)by enzymatic soybean(ESB)in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets.Methods:A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95±0.46 kg,were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d.Piglets were offered isonitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows:CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources,ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK,ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM,and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM.Results:No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments(P>0.05).However,piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index(P<0.01),and lower digestibility of dry matter(DM),gross energy(GE)or crude protein(CP),relative to piglets fed CON diet(P<0.01).Moreover,the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid(BA)(P<0.01).The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3−V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity,and the linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria,such as g_Peptococcus,g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter.Conclusion:The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets,but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index,which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria.However,piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters,indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.展开更多
Background:Dietary fiber(DF)is often eschewed in swine diet due to its anti-nutritional effects,but DF is attracting growing attention for its reproductive benefits.The objective of this study was to investigate the e...Background:Dietary fiber(DF)is often eschewed in swine diet due to its anti-nutritional effects,but DF is attracting growing attention for its reproductive benefits.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DF intake level on oocyte maturation and uterine development,to determine the optimal DF intake for gilts,and gain microbial and metabolomic insight into the underlying mechanisms involved.Methods:Seventy-six Landrace×Yorkshire(LY)crossbred replacement gilts of similar age(92.6±0.6 d;mean±standard deviation[SD])and body weight(BW,33.8±3.9 kg;mean±SD)were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatment groups(n=19);a basal diet without extra DF intake(DF 1.0),and 3 dietary groups ingesting an extra50%(DF 1.5),75%(DF 1.75),and 100%(DF 2.0)dietary fiber mixture consisting of inulin and cellulose(1:4).Oocyte maturation and uterine development were assessed on 19 d of the 2nd oestrous cycle.Microbial diversity of faecal samples was analysed by high-throughput pyrosequencing(16S r RNA)and blood samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics.Results:The rates of oocytes showing first polar bodies after in vitro maturation for 44 h and uterine development increased linearly with increasing DF intake;DF 1.75 gilts had a 19.8%faster oocyte maturation rate and a 48.9 cm longer uterus than DF 1.0 gilts(P<0.05).Among the top 10 microbiota components at the phylum level,8increased linearly with increasing DF level,and the relative abundance of 30 of 53 microbiota components at the genus level(>0.1%)increased linearly or quadratically with increasing DF intake.Untargeted metabolic analysis revealed significant changes in serum metabolites that were closely associated with microbiota,including serotonin,a gut-derived signal that stimulates oocyte maturation.Conclusions:The findings provide evidence of the benefits of increased DF intake by supplementing inulin and cellulose on oocyte maturation and uterine development in gilts,and new microbial and metabolomic insight into the mechanisms mediating the effects of DF on reproductive performance of replacement gilts.展开更多
Background:Replacement gilts are typically fed ad libitum,whereas emerging evidence from human and rodent studies has revealed that time-restricted access to food has health benefits.The objective of this study was to...Background:Replacement gilts are typically fed ad libitum,whereas emerging evidence from human and rodent studies has revealed that time-restricted access to food has health benefits.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of meal frequency on the metabolic status and ovarian follicular development in gilts.Methods:A total of 36 gilts(Landrace×Yorkshire)with an age of 150±3 d and a body weight of 77.6±3.8 kg were randomly allocated into one of three groups(n=12 in each group),and based on the group allocation,the gilts were fed at a frequency of one meal(T1),two meals(T2),or six meals per day(T6)for 14 consecutive weeks.The effects of the meal frequency on growth preference,nutrient utilization,short-chain fatty acid production by gut microbial,the post-meal dynamics in the metabolic status,reproductive hormone secretions,and ovarian follicular development in the gilts were measured.Results:The gilts in the T1 group presented a higher average daily gain(+48 g/d,P<0.05)and a higher body weight(+4.9 kg,P<0.05)than those in the T6 group.The meal frequency had no effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,ether extract,ash,and gross energy,with the exception that the T1 gilts exhibited a greater NDF digestibility than the T6 gilts(P<0.05).The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that the T1 gilts presented decreased urine excretion of nitrogen(−8.17 g/d,P<0.05)and higher nitrogen retention(+9.81 g/d,P<0.05),and thus exhibited higher nitrogen utilization than the T6 gilts.The time-course dynamics of glucose,α-amino nitrogen,urea,lactate,and insulin levels in serum revealed that the T1 group exhibited higher utilization of nutrients after a meal than the T2 or T6 gilts.The T1 gilts also had a higher acetate content and SCFAs in feces than the T6 gilts(P<0.05).The age,body weight and backfat thickness of the gilts at first estrous expression were not affected by the meal frequency,but the gilts in the T1 group had higher levels of serum luteinizing hormone on the 18th day of the 3rd estrus cycle and 17β-estradiol,a larger number of growing follicles and corpora lutea,and higher mRNA expression levels of genes related to follicular development on the 19th day of the 3rd estrus cycle.Conclusions:The current findings revealed the benefits of a lower meal frequency equal feed intake on nutrient utilization and reproductive function in replacement gilts,and thus provide new insights into the nutritional strategy for replacement gilts,and the dietary pattern for other mammals,such as humans.展开更多
Obesity related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which can progress to steatohepatitis and insulin resistance,has become a major chronic liver disease worldwide.1 As an adaptor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis...Obesity related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which can progress to steatohepatitis and insulin resistance,has become a major chronic liver disease worldwide.1 As an adaptor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis,Epsin1 plays a role in many diseases,including tumors,atherosclerosis and diabetic wound healing.展开更多
This experiment evaluated the impacts of essential oils(EO)and protease(PRO),independently or in combination,on growth performance,antioxidation,inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs.One hundred and sixt...This experiment evaluated the impacts of essential oils(EO)and protease(PRO),independently or in combination,on growth performance,antioxidation,inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs.One hundred and sixty weaned pigs(21 d of age,BW of 6.74±0.20 kg)were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 pigs per pen.Dietary treatments included the following:1)control diet(CON),2)CON with 300 mg/kg essential oils(EO),3)CON with 500 mg/kg protease(PRO),4)CON with 300 mg/kg essential oil and 500 mg/kg protease(EO + PRO).On d 8,one pig from each penwas selected for sampling.The remaining pigs were fed for an additional week and growth performance was monitored during this period.Dietary treatments had no marked effects(P>0.05)on the growth performance of pigs.However,pigs receiving EO diet had higher(P<0.05)serumglutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity,and tended to decrease(P=0.063)serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a).In addition,pigs receiving EO diet had higher(P<0.05)abundances of phylum Actinobacteria,and genera Bifidobacterium,and lower(P<0.05)phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Alloprevotella in colonic digesta.Pigs receiving PRO diet decreased(P<0.05)the serum concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA)and diamine oxidase activity,increased(P<0.05)the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum,increased sucrase activity in jejunal mucosa,and also increased the abundance of phylum Actinobacteria in colonic digesta.Furthermore,the synergistic effects of EO and PROwas observed(P<0.05)for pigs with decreasing serum TNF-a concentration and increasing serum GSH-Px activity.Collectively,the results indicated that dietary supplementation of EO and PRO had no significant effects on growth performance of weaned pigs.EO diet appeared to improve antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota,while PRO diet improved intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity,and there was a synergistic effect of EO and PRO on reducing inflammatory parameters in weaned pigs.展开更多
We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis PB6(B.subtilis PB6)during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance,antioxidant indices,and gut microbiota.A total of 32...We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis PB6(B.subtilis PB6)during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance,antioxidant indices,and gut microbiota.A total of 32 healthy Landrace×Yorkshire sows on d 90 of gestation were randomly assigned to 2 groups,with 16 replicates per group,receiving basal diet(CON)or the basal diet+0.2%B.subtilis PB6,containing 4.0×10^8 CFU/kg of feed(BS).The litter sizes(total born)and numbers of piglets born alive were larger in the BS group(P<0.01),whereas the weights of piglets born alive and the piglet birth intervals were lower in the BS group(P<0.05).Although the litter weights and piglet bodyweights(after crossfostering)were lower after BS treatment(P<0.05),the litter sizes,litter weights,lactation survival rate,and litter weight gains at weaning were higher in BS group(P<0.05).The concentrations of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the sow sera at parturition were lower in the BS group(P<0.01).The serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)at parturition and the serum catalase(CAT)concentrations on d 21 of lactation were higher in the BS group(P<0.05).Dietary supplementation with B.subtilis PB6(P<0.05)reduced the serum endotoxin concentrations in the sows and the serum cortisol concentrations of the piglets at d 14 of lactation.Theα-diversity indices of microbial were higher in the CON group(P<0.05).At the phylum level,B.subtilis PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundances of Gemmatimonadete and Acidobacteria(both P<0.01)and reduced those of Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria(both P<0.05).At the genus level,B.subtilis PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundance of RuminococcaceaeUCG-013 cc(P<0.05)and reduced that of Streptococcus(P<0.05).This study demonstrated that adding 4.0×10^8 CFU/kg B.subtilis PB6 to sows’feed during late gestation and lactation could shorten piglet birth intervals,enhance the growth performance of suckling piglets,and improve the gut health of sows during late gestation.展开更多
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary live yeast(LY)supplementation during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance,colostrum and milk composition,blood biochemical and immunologi...This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary live yeast(LY)supplementation during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance,colostrum and milk composition,blood biochemical and immunological parameters of sows.A total of 40 multiparous sows were randomly fed either the control(CON)diet or the CON diet supplemented with LY at 1 g/kg from d 90 of gestation to weaning.Results showed that the number of stillborn piglets and low BW piglets were significantly decreased in the LY-supplemented sows compared with sows in the CON group(P<0.05).Moreover,the concentrations of protein,lactose and solids-not-fat were increased in the colostrum of LY-supplemented sows(P<0.05).Interestingly,the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GGT)at d 1 of lactation and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)at weaning day were decreased by feeding LY diet(P<0.05).Meanwhile,sows fed LY diet had higher plasma concentration of immunoglobulin G compared with sows fed CON diet at d 1 of lactation(P<0.05),In conclusion,LY supplementation in maternal diets decreased the number of stillborn piglets and low BW piglets,improved colostrum quality and health status of sows.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of spray-dried porcine plasma protein(SDPP)or spray-dried chicken plasma protein(SDCP)supplementation in diets without the inclusion of antibiotics and zinc oxide(Zn...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of spray-dried porcine plasma protein(SDPP)or spray-dried chicken plasma protein(SDCP)supplementation in diets without the inclusion of antibiotics and zinc oxide(ZnO)on growth performance,fecal score,and fecal microbiota in early-weaned piglets.A total of 192 healthy weaning piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,21 d old)were blocked by BW(6.53±0.60 kg)and randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments:negative control(NC,basal diet),positive control(PC),basal diet+ZnO at 2 g/kg and antibiotics at 0.8 g/kg,SDPP(containing 5%SDPP),and SDCP(containing 5%SDCP).The experiment lasted 14 d.The SDPP group had higher(P<0.05)final BW,average daily gain and average daily feed intake than the NC and SDCP groups.The percentage of piglets with fecal scores at 2 or≥2 was higher(P<0.05)in the NC and SDCP groups than in the PC group.A decreased(P<0.05)bacterial alpha diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance,but increased(P<0.05)Firmicutes abundance were observed in the PC and SDPP groups when compared to the NC group.The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was higher(P<0.05)in the SDPP than in the SDCP group,and that of Streptococcus was higher(P<0.01)in the PC and SDPP groups than in the NC group.The PC group also had higher(P<0.01)Faecalibacterium abundance than the NC and SDCP groups.Additionally,the SDCP group had higher(P<0.05)serum urea nitrogen than those fed other diets,and lower(P<0.10)shortchain fatty acids to branched-chain fatty acids ratio than the PC and SDPP groups.Overall,SDPP was a promising animal protein for piglets in increasing feed intake,modifying gut microbiota profile,reducing gut protein fermentation and alleviating diarrhea frequency,thus promoting growth performance,under the conditions with limited in-feed utilization of antibiotics and ZnO.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Sichuan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2020JDJQ0041)CARS-35 and Sichuan Key Science and Technology Project(NO.2021ZDZX0009).
文摘Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)affects intestinal growth,morphology,and function,which leads to poor growth performance and high mortality.The present study explored whether maternal dietary methyl donor(MET)supplementation alleviates IUGR and enhances offspring’s growth performance by improving intestinal growth,function,and DNA methylation of the ileum in a porcine IUGR model.Methods Forty multiparous sows were allocated to the control or MET diet groups from mating until delivery.After farrowing,8 pairs of IUGR and normal birth weight piglets from 8 litters were selected for sampling before suckling colostrum.Results The results showed that maternal MET supplementation tended to decrease the IUGR incidence and increased the average weaning weight of piglets.Moreover,maternal MET supplementation significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of isoleucine,cysteine,urea,and total amino acids in sows and newborn pig-lets.It also increased lactase and sucrase activity in the jejunum of newborn piglets.MET addition resulted in lower ileal methionine synthase activity and increased betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity in the ileum of newborn piglets.DNA methylation analysis of the ileum showed that MET supplementation increased the methyla-tion level of DNA CpG sites in the ileum of newborn piglets.Down-regulated differentially methylated genes were enriched in folic acid binding,insulin receptor signaling pathway,and endothelial cell proliferation.In contrast,up-regulated methylated genes were enriched in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway and nitric oxide biosyn-thetic process.Conclusions Maternal MET supplementation can reduce the incidence of IUGR and increase the weaning litter weight of piglets,which may be associated with better intestinal function and methylation status.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFD1300202)the nutritional value evaluation and parameter establishment of protein feedstuffs for sowsthe Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China(125D0203-16190295)the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Sichuan Province(No.2021ZDZX0009)。
文摘Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of Sichuan Province[2023NSFSC0010]National Natural Science Foundation of China[32230102]+1 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Sichuan Province[No.2021ZDZX0009]National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Pig innovation team[scsztd-2023-08-03].
文摘Background The feed intake of sows during lactation is often lower than their needs.High-fiber feed is usually used during gestation to increase the voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation.However,the mechanism underlying the effect of bulky diets on the appetites of sows during lactation have not been fully clarified.The current study was conducted to determine whether a high-fiber diet during gestation improves lactational feed intake(LFI)of sows by modulating gut microbiota.Methods We selected an appropriate high-fiber diet during gestation and utilized the fecal microbial transplanta-tion(FMT)method to conduct research on the role of the gut microbiota in feed intake regulation of sows during lactation,as follows:high-fiber(HF)diet during gestation(n=23),low-fiber(LF)diet during gestation(n=23),and low-fiber diet+HF-FMT(LFM)during gestation(n=23).Results Compared with the LF,sows in the HF and LFM groups had a higher LFI,while the sows also had higher peptide tyrosine tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide 1 on d 110 of gestation(G110 d).The litter weight gain of piglets during lactation and weaning weight of piglets from LFM group were higher than LF group.Sows given a HF diet had lower Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella,on G110 d and higher Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus,on d 7 of lactation(L7 d).The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was reduced by HF-FMT in numerically compared with the LF.In addition,HF and HF-FMT both decreased the perinatal concentrations of proinflammatory factors,such as endotoxin(ET),lipocalin-2(LCN-2),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).The concentration of ET and LCN-2 and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Escheri-chia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the LFI of sows.Conclusion The high abundance of Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella of LF sows in late gestation,led to increased endotoxin levels,which result in inflammatory responses and adverse effects on the LFI of sows.Add-ing HF during gestation reverses this process by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus.
基金supported by Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(171019)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2021NZZJ0016)the 111 project(D17015).
文摘Background:Organic selenium supplementation during gestation improves the antioxidant status and reproduc-tive performance of sows and increases the antioxidative capacity of the intestines of their offspring.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal basel diet(control)supplemented with an organic Se,2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid(HMSeBA),or inorganic sodium selenite(Na_(2)SeO_(3))during gestation on the antioxidant status and development of muscle in newborn and weaned piglets.Newborn piglets before colostrum intake and weaned piglets were selected for longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle collection and analysis.Results:The results showed that maternal HMSeBA supplementation increased the muscle area and content of Se in the LD muscle of newborn piglets,improved gene expression of selenoproteins,and decreased oxidative status in the LD muscle of both newborn and weaned piglets compared with the control.The expression of muscle development-related genes of newborn piglets in the HMSeBA group was lower than in the control group,whereas the expression of MRF4 in weaned piglets was higher in the HMSeBA group than in the control and Na_(2)SeO_(3)groups.In addition,HMSeBA supplementation decreased the mRNA expressions of myosin heavy chains(MyHC)IIx and MyHC IIb and the percentage of MyHC IIb;increased the expression of PGC-1αin the LD muscle of newborn piglets;increased the gene expression of MyHC IIa;and decreased the protein expression of slow MyHC and the activity of malate dehydrogenase in the LD muscle of weaned piglets compared with the control group.Conclusions:Maternal HMSeBA supplementation during gestation can improve the antioxidative capacity of the muscle of their offspring and promote the maturity of muscle fibres in weaned offspring.
基金supported by the Projects of The National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2016YFD0501204)Sichuan provincial project on S&T application and demonstration(grant number2016CC0070)the project on commercialization of research findings under funding of government of Sichuan province(grant number16ZHSF0385).
文摘Background:This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415(E.faecium)on intestinal development,immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88(ETEC).A total of 961-day-old sow-reared piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups,with 48 piglets in each group.The piglets were from 16 litters(6 piglets each litter),and 3 piglets each litter were allocated to the E.faecium-supplemented(PRO)group,while the other 3 piglets were allocated to the control(CON)group.After colostrum intake,piglets in the PRO group were orally administrated with 3×10~9 CFU E.faecium per day for a period of one week.On day 8,one piglet per litter from each group was challenged(CON+ETEC,PRO+ETEC)or not(CON-ETEC,PRO-ETEC)with ETEC in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments.On day 10(2 days after challenge),blood and tissue samples were obtained from piglets.Results:Before ETEC challenge,there were no significant differences for the average daily gain(ADG)and fecal score between the two groups of piglets.After ETEC challenge,the challenged piglets had greater fecal score compared to the non-challenged piglets,whereas E.faecium administration was able to decrease the fecal score.Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height,deeper crypt depth,and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased m RNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum,whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes,concentrations of IL-1βin the plasma and TNF-αin the ileal mucosa,as well as increased the m RNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue.These deleterious effects caused by ETEC were partly alleviated by feeding E.faecium.In addition,piglets in PRO-ETEC group had decreased the percentage of CD8^+T cells of the peripheral blood when compared to those in CON-ETEC group.Moreover,E.faecium administration increased Verrucomicrobia at phylum level and decreased Bilophila at genus level.Conclusions:These results suggest that oral administration of E.faecium alleviated the intestinal injury and diarrhea severity of neonatal piglets challenged by ETEC,partly through improving the intestinal microbiota and immune response.This offers a potential strategy of dietary intervention against intestinal impairment by ETEC in neonatal piglets.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(NO.2018YFD0501005)National Natural Science Fund (NO. 31772616)Sichuan Province “135” Breeding Tackle Project (NO. 2016NYZ0052)。
文摘Background: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of guar gum and cellulose as the source of dietary fiber during gestation on the reproductive performance of sows.Methods: A total of 210 sows(parities 3–6) were randomly allocated into six diets(n = 35) throughout gestation to feed graded levels of dietary fiber(DF), including a corn-soybean meal-based control diet with no wheat bran inclusion(CON, 12.5% DF), a wheat bran-rich diet(DF1, 17.4% DF), and another 4 diets(DF2, 17.7% DF;DF3, 18.1%DF;DF4, 18.4% DF;DF5, 18.8% DF) in which wheat bran were equally substituted by 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% purified FIBER MIX(guar gum and cellulose, 1:4). All sows received similar DE and other nutrients throughout gestation.Results: DF treatment during gestation resulted in normal fecal score(1 to 5 with 1 = dry and 5 = watery) in sows compared with those received the CON diet(P < 0.05). The number of total born piglets had a tendency to be affected by dietary treatment(P = 0.07), and correlation analysis revealed a linear response of total born to dietary fiber levels during gestation(P < 0.01). Sows received the DF2, DF3, and DF5 diets during gestation had a greater ADFI during lactation compared with those in the CON group(P < 0.05) without affecting the daily body weight gain of suckling piglets. Gut microbiota compositions were dramatically changed by the gestation stage and some of those were changed by DF inclusion. Fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate of sows were markedly increased in late gestation, and butyrate contents in feces of gestating sows were significantly affected by DF levels(P < 0.01).Serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory TNF-α were decreased and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased on day30 of gestation by DF levels(P < 0.05).Conclusions: In summary, increasing dietary fiber levels by guar gum and cellulose during gestation improved the reproductive performance of sows, which might be related to changes in immunity and gut microbiota of sows.
基金This work was supported by overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(111 Project)Sichuan Agricultural University Shuangzhi plan for discipline construction project。
文摘Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder(MK)and fish meal(FM)by enzymatic soybean(ESB)in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets.Methods:A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95±0.46 kg,were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d.Piglets were offered isonitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows:CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources,ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK,ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM,and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM.Results:No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments(P>0.05).However,piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index(P<0.01),and lower digestibility of dry matter(DM),gross energy(GE)or crude protein(CP),relative to piglets fed CON diet(P<0.01).Moreover,the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid(BA)(P<0.01).The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3−V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity,and the linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria,such as g_Peptococcus,g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter.Conclusion:The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets,but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index,which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria.However,piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters,indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YJ0287)National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaPR China(31772616)。
文摘Background:Dietary fiber(DF)is often eschewed in swine diet due to its anti-nutritional effects,but DF is attracting growing attention for its reproductive benefits.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DF intake level on oocyte maturation and uterine development,to determine the optimal DF intake for gilts,and gain microbial and metabolomic insight into the underlying mechanisms involved.Methods:Seventy-six Landrace×Yorkshire(LY)crossbred replacement gilts of similar age(92.6±0.6 d;mean±standard deviation[SD])and body weight(BW,33.8±3.9 kg;mean±SD)were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatment groups(n=19);a basal diet without extra DF intake(DF 1.0),and 3 dietary groups ingesting an extra50%(DF 1.5),75%(DF 1.75),and 100%(DF 2.0)dietary fiber mixture consisting of inulin and cellulose(1:4).Oocyte maturation and uterine development were assessed on 19 d of the 2nd oestrous cycle.Microbial diversity of faecal samples was analysed by high-throughput pyrosequencing(16S r RNA)and blood samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics.Results:The rates of oocytes showing first polar bodies after in vitro maturation for 44 h and uterine development increased linearly with increasing DF intake;DF 1.75 gilts had a 19.8%faster oocyte maturation rate and a 48.9 cm longer uterus than DF 1.0 gilts(P<0.05).Among the top 10 microbiota components at the phylum level,8increased linearly with increasing DF level,and the relative abundance of 30 of 53 microbiota components at the genus level(>0.1%)increased linearly or quadratically with increasing DF intake.Untargeted metabolic analysis revealed significant changes in serum metabolites that were closely associated with microbiota,including serotonin,a gut-derived signal that stimulates oocyte maturation.Conclusions:The findings provide evidence of the benefits of increased DF intake by supplementing inulin and cellulose on oocyte maturation and uterine development in gilts,and new microbial and metabolomic insight into the mechanisms mediating the effects of DF on reproductive performance of replacement gilts.
基金This study was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0501005)National Natural Science Foundation of China,PR China(31772616).
文摘Background:Replacement gilts are typically fed ad libitum,whereas emerging evidence from human and rodent studies has revealed that time-restricted access to food has health benefits.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of meal frequency on the metabolic status and ovarian follicular development in gilts.Methods:A total of 36 gilts(Landrace×Yorkshire)with an age of 150±3 d and a body weight of 77.6±3.8 kg were randomly allocated into one of three groups(n=12 in each group),and based on the group allocation,the gilts were fed at a frequency of one meal(T1),two meals(T2),or six meals per day(T6)for 14 consecutive weeks.The effects of the meal frequency on growth preference,nutrient utilization,short-chain fatty acid production by gut microbial,the post-meal dynamics in the metabolic status,reproductive hormone secretions,and ovarian follicular development in the gilts were measured.Results:The gilts in the T1 group presented a higher average daily gain(+48 g/d,P<0.05)and a higher body weight(+4.9 kg,P<0.05)than those in the T6 group.The meal frequency had no effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,ether extract,ash,and gross energy,with the exception that the T1 gilts exhibited a greater NDF digestibility than the T6 gilts(P<0.05).The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that the T1 gilts presented decreased urine excretion of nitrogen(−8.17 g/d,P<0.05)and higher nitrogen retention(+9.81 g/d,P<0.05),and thus exhibited higher nitrogen utilization than the T6 gilts.The time-course dynamics of glucose,α-amino nitrogen,urea,lactate,and insulin levels in serum revealed that the T1 group exhibited higher utilization of nutrients after a meal than the T2 or T6 gilts.The T1 gilts also had a higher acetate content and SCFAs in feces than the T6 gilts(P<0.05).The age,body weight and backfat thickness of the gilts at first estrous expression were not affected by the meal frequency,but the gilts in the T1 group had higher levels of serum luteinizing hormone on the 18th day of the 3rd estrus cycle and 17β-estradiol,a larger number of growing follicles and corpora lutea,and higher mRNA expression levels of genes related to follicular development on the 19th day of the 3rd estrus cycle.Conclusions:The current findings revealed the benefits of a lower meal frequency equal feed intake on nutrient utilization and reproductive function in replacement gilts,and thus provide new insights into the nutritional strategy for replacement gilts,and the dietary pattern for other mammals,such as humans.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31900834)the China's Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation("111 Project")(No.D17015).
文摘Obesity related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which can progress to steatohepatitis and insulin resistance,has become a major chronic liver disease worldwide.1 As an adaptor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis,Epsin1 plays a role in many diseases,including tumors,atherosclerosis and diabetic wound healing.
基金Novus International Trading(Shanghai)Co.,LtdInternational(regional)cooperation and exchange program of NSFC(3191101579).
文摘This experiment evaluated the impacts of essential oils(EO)and protease(PRO),independently or in combination,on growth performance,antioxidation,inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs.One hundred and sixty weaned pigs(21 d of age,BW of 6.74±0.20 kg)were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 pigs per pen.Dietary treatments included the following:1)control diet(CON),2)CON with 300 mg/kg essential oils(EO),3)CON with 500 mg/kg protease(PRO),4)CON with 300 mg/kg essential oil and 500 mg/kg protease(EO + PRO).On d 8,one pig from each penwas selected for sampling.The remaining pigs were fed for an additional week and growth performance was monitored during this period.Dietary treatments had no marked effects(P>0.05)on the growth performance of pigs.However,pigs receiving EO diet had higher(P<0.05)serumglutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity,and tended to decrease(P=0.063)serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a).In addition,pigs receiving EO diet had higher(P<0.05)abundances of phylum Actinobacteria,and genera Bifidobacterium,and lower(P<0.05)phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Alloprevotella in colonic digesta.Pigs receiving PRO diet decreased(P<0.05)the serum concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA)and diamine oxidase activity,increased(P<0.05)the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum,increased sucrase activity in jejunal mucosa,and also increased the abundance of phylum Actinobacteria in colonic digesta.Furthermore,the synergistic effects of EO and PROwas observed(P<0.05)for pigs with decreasing serum TNF-a concentration and increasing serum GSH-Px activity.Collectively,the results indicated that dietary supplementation of EO and PRO had no significant effects on growth performance of weaned pigs.EO diet appeared to improve antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota,while PRO diet improved intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity,and there was a synergistic effect of EO and PRO on reducing inflammatory parameters in weaned pigs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2018YFD0501000)Sichuan Province“135”Breeding Tackle Project(grant no.2016NYZ0052)
文摘We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis PB6(B.subtilis PB6)during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance,antioxidant indices,and gut microbiota.A total of 32 healthy Landrace×Yorkshire sows on d 90 of gestation were randomly assigned to 2 groups,with 16 replicates per group,receiving basal diet(CON)or the basal diet+0.2%B.subtilis PB6,containing 4.0×10^8 CFU/kg of feed(BS).The litter sizes(total born)and numbers of piglets born alive were larger in the BS group(P<0.01),whereas the weights of piglets born alive and the piglet birth intervals were lower in the BS group(P<0.05).Although the litter weights and piglet bodyweights(after crossfostering)were lower after BS treatment(P<0.05),the litter sizes,litter weights,lactation survival rate,and litter weight gains at weaning were higher in BS group(P<0.05).The concentrations of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the sow sera at parturition were lower in the BS group(P<0.01).The serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)at parturition and the serum catalase(CAT)concentrations on d 21 of lactation were higher in the BS group(P<0.05).Dietary supplementation with B.subtilis PB6(P<0.05)reduced the serum endotoxin concentrations in the sows and the serum cortisol concentrations of the piglets at d 14 of lactation.Theα-diversity indices of microbial were higher in the CON group(P<0.05).At the phylum level,B.subtilis PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundances of Gemmatimonadete and Acidobacteria(both P<0.01)and reduced those of Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria(both P<0.05).At the genus level,B.subtilis PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundance of RuminococcaceaeUCG-013 cc(P<0.05)and reduced that of Streptococcus(P<0.05).This study demonstrated that adding 4.0×10^8 CFU/kg B.subtilis PB6 to sows’feed during late gestation and lactation could shorten piglet birth intervals,enhance the growth performance of suckling piglets,and improve the gut health of sows during late gestation.
基金supported by the Sichuan provincial project on S&T application and demonstration(No.2016CC0070)the project on commercialization of research findings under funding of government of Sichuan province(No.16ZHSF0385)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT13083)
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary live yeast(LY)supplementation during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance,colostrum and milk composition,blood biochemical and immunological parameters of sows.A total of 40 multiparous sows were randomly fed either the control(CON)diet or the CON diet supplemented with LY at 1 g/kg from d 90 of gestation to weaning.Results showed that the number of stillborn piglets and low BW piglets were significantly decreased in the LY-supplemented sows compared with sows in the CON group(P<0.05).Moreover,the concentrations of protein,lactose and solids-not-fat were increased in the colostrum of LY-supplemented sows(P<0.05).Interestingly,the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GGT)at d 1 of lactation and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)at weaning day were decreased by feeding LY diet(P<0.05).Meanwhile,sows fed LY diet had higher plasma concentration of immunoglobulin G compared with sows fed CON diet at d 1 of lactation(P<0.05),In conclusion,LY supplementation in maternal diets decreased the number of stillborn piglets and low BW piglets,improved colostrum quality and health status of sows.
基金funded by Sonac(China)Biology Co.,Ltd.partially supported by the Science&Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(2016NYZ0042)by the 111 Project(D1705)。
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of spray-dried porcine plasma protein(SDPP)or spray-dried chicken plasma protein(SDCP)supplementation in diets without the inclusion of antibiotics and zinc oxide(ZnO)on growth performance,fecal score,and fecal microbiota in early-weaned piglets.A total of 192 healthy weaning piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,21 d old)were blocked by BW(6.53±0.60 kg)and randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments:negative control(NC,basal diet),positive control(PC),basal diet+ZnO at 2 g/kg and antibiotics at 0.8 g/kg,SDPP(containing 5%SDPP),and SDCP(containing 5%SDCP).The experiment lasted 14 d.The SDPP group had higher(P<0.05)final BW,average daily gain and average daily feed intake than the NC and SDCP groups.The percentage of piglets with fecal scores at 2 or≥2 was higher(P<0.05)in the NC and SDCP groups than in the PC group.A decreased(P<0.05)bacterial alpha diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance,but increased(P<0.05)Firmicutes abundance were observed in the PC and SDPP groups when compared to the NC group.The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was higher(P<0.05)in the SDPP than in the SDCP group,and that of Streptococcus was higher(P<0.01)in the PC and SDPP groups than in the NC group.The PC group also had higher(P<0.01)Faecalibacterium abundance than the NC and SDCP groups.Additionally,the SDCP group had higher(P<0.05)serum urea nitrogen than those fed other diets,and lower(P<0.10)shortchain fatty acids to branched-chain fatty acids ratio than the PC and SDPP groups.Overall,SDPP was a promising animal protein for piglets in increasing feed intake,modifying gut microbiota profile,reducing gut protein fermentation and alleviating diarrhea frequency,thus promoting growth performance,under the conditions with limited in-feed utilization of antibiotics and ZnO.
