Background:The temporal relationship between hepatitis B virus(HBV) mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) remains unclear.Methods:We conducted a meta-analysis including cohort and nested case-control studies to ...Background:The temporal relationship between hepatitis B virus(HBV) mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) remains unclear.Methods:We conducted a meta-analysis including cohort and nested case-control studies to prospectively examine the HCC risk associated with common variants of HBV in the PreS,Enhancer II,basal core promoter(BCP) and precore regions.Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed,Web of Science and the Chinese Biological Medicine databases through to November 2014.Study-specific risk estimates were combined using fixed or random effects models depending on whether significant heterogeneity was detected.Results:Twenty prospective studies were identified,which included 8 cohort and 12 nested case-control studies.There was an increased risk of HCC associated with any PreS mutations with a pooled relative risk(RR) of 3.82[95% confidence interval(CI):2.59-5.61].The pooled-RR for PreS deletion was 3.98(95%CI:2.28-6.95),which was higher than that of PreS2 start codon mutation(pooled-RR=2.63,95%CI:1.30-5.34).C1653 T in Enhancer Ⅱ was significantly associated with HCC risk(pooled-RR=1.83;95%CI:1.21-2.76).For mutations in BCP,statistically significant pooled-RRs of HCC were obtained for T1753V(pooledRR=2.09;95%CI:1.49-2.94) and A1762T/G1764 A double mutations(pooled-RR=3.11;95%CI:2.08-4.64).No statistically significant association with HCC risk was observed for G1896 A in the precore region(pooled-RR=0.77;95%CI:0.47-1.26).Conclusions:This study demonstrated that PreS mutations,C1653 T,T1753V,and A1762T/G1764 A,were associated with an increased risk of HCC.Clinical practices concerning the HCC risk prediction and diagnosis may wish to focus on patients with these mutations.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the population attributable risks(PARs) between cigarette smoking and deaths of all causes, all cancers, lung cancer and other chronic diseases in urban Shanghai.Methods: In total, 61,480 men ag...Objective: To evaluate the population attributable risks(PARs) between cigarette smoking and deaths of all causes, all cancers, lung cancer and other chronic diseases in urban Shanghai.Methods: In total, 61,480 men aged 40-74 years from 2002 to 2006 and 74,941 women aged 40-70 years from 1997 to 2000 were recruited to undergo baseline surveys in urban Shanghai, with response rates of 74.0% and 92.3%, respectively. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate relative risks(RRs) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs) of deaths associated with cigarette smoking. PARs and 95% CIs for deaths were estimated from smoking exposure rates and the estimated RRs.Results: Cigarette smoking was responsible for 23.9%(95% CI: 19.4-28.3%) and 2.4%(95% CI: 1.6-3.2%) of all deaths in men and women, respectively, in our study population. Respiratory disease had the highest PAR in men [37.5%(95% CI: 21.5-51.6%)], followed by cancer [31.3%(95% CI: 24.6-37.7%)] and cardiovascular disease(CVD) [24.1%(95% CI: 16.7-31.2%)]. While the top three PARs were 12.7%(95% CI: 6.1-19.3%), 4.0%(95% CI: 2.4-5.6%), and 1.1%(95% CI: 0.0-2.3%), for respiratory disease, CVD, and cancer, respectively in women. For deaths of lung cancer, the PAR of smoking was 68.4%(95% CI: 58.2-76.5%) in men.Conclusions: In urban Shanghai, 23.9% and 2.4% of all deaths in men and women could have been prevented if no people had smoked in the area. Effective control programs against cigarette smoking should be strongly advocated to reduce the increasing smoking-related death burden.展开更多
ABO blood type has been associated with risk of several malignancies. However, results are not consistent. In this population-based case-control study including 1204 incident endometrial cancer cases and 1212 populati...ABO blood type has been associated with risk of several malignancies. However, results are not consistent. In this population-based case-control study including 1204 incident endometrial cancer cases and 1212 population controls, we examined the association of self-reported serologic blood type with endometrial cancer risk using a logistic regression model. Women with endometrial cancer were more likely to have blood type A. Compared to women with blood type O, the adjusted odds ratios for endometrial cancer were 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-1.28] for type B, 1.24 (95% CI, 0.90-1.69) for type AB, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.19-1.90) for type A. A significant dose-response relationship was observed for cancer risk and level of antigen A (P for trend = 0.0003). The positive association of blood type A with cancer risk was observed regardless of menopausal status, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, or family cancer history. Our results suggest that ABO blood type may be involved in the development of endometrial cancer.展开更多
A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene on ch...A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene on chromosome 6q25.1. Given that endometrial cancer shares many risk factors with breast cancer and both are related to estrogen exposure and that rs2046210 is in close proximity to the ESR1 gene, we evaluated the association of SNP rs2046210 with endometrial cancer risk among 953 cases and 947 controls in a population-based, case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders. We found that the A allele of rs2046210, linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, was associated with increased but not statistically significant risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.96-1.41 for the GA and AA genotypes compared with the GG genotype); the association was stronger among post-menopausal women (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00-1.65). The association tended to be stronger among women with higher or longer estrogen exposure than among women with relatively lower or shorter exposure to estrogen. Our study suggests that rs2046210 may play a role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a malignant disease with limited therapeutic options due to its aggressive progression. It places heavy burden on most low and middle income countries to treat HCC patients. Nowadays a...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a malignant disease with limited therapeutic options due to its aggressive progression. It places heavy burden on most low and middle income countries to treat HCC patients. Nowadays accurate HCC risk predictions can help making decisions on the need for HCC surveillance and antiviral therapy. HCC risk prediction models based on major risk factors of HCC are useful and helpful in providing adequate surveillance strategies to individuals who have different risk levels. Several risk prediction models among cohorts of different populations for estimating HCC incidence have been presented recently by using simple, efficient, and ready-to-use parameters. Moreover, using predictive scoring systems to assess HCC development can provide suggestions to improve clinical and public health approaches, making them more cost-effective and effort-effective, for inducing personalized surveillance programs according to risk stratification. In this review, the features of risk prediction models of HCC across different populations were summarized, and the perspectives of HCC risk prediction models were discussed as well.展开更多
Aim:To describe the global pattern and trend of liver cancer survival,using data from the population-based studies or cancer registration.Methods:By searching CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE and SEER.Al...Aim:To describe the global pattern and trend of liver cancer survival,using data from the population-based studies or cancer registration.Methods:By searching CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE and SEER.All population-based survival studies of liver cancer from 1 January 2000 to 30 April 2020 were collected and evaluated by patient gender,time period,and country.The overall or age-standardized five-year relative survival rate was used to describe the pattern and changes in liver cancer survival over the past decades.Results:Globally,the highest age-standardized five-year relative survival rate was observed in Italy(18.0%,2005-2007)and the highest overall five-year relative survival rate was observed in Korea(34.6%,2012-2016),when compared to other countries.The most remarkable increase in overall five-year relative survival rate can be seen in Korea(from 10.7%during 1993-1995 to 34.6%during 2012-2016).In general,worldwide,the five-year relative survival rate of younger patients with liver cancer was higher than old people.For most countries,the five-year relative survival rate of liver cancer was slightly higher in women than in men.In China,the overall five-year relative survival rate of liver cancer in Taiwan was higher than that in other areas,while Cixian of Hebei and Qidong of Jiangsu were lower.Conclusion:Over the past decades,the survival rates of liver cancer have gradually improved,but great variations are also observed globally.Worldwide,younger patients with liver cancer have experienced a better prognosis.Gender disparity in liver cancer survival was not obvious.展开更多
基金supported by the fund of the National Key Basic Research Program "973 project" (2015CB554000)grants from the State Key Project Specialized for Infectious Diseases of China(2008ZX10002015 and 2012ZX10002008-002)
文摘Background:The temporal relationship between hepatitis B virus(HBV) mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) remains unclear.Methods:We conducted a meta-analysis including cohort and nested case-control studies to prospectively examine the HCC risk associated with common variants of HBV in the PreS,Enhancer II,basal core promoter(BCP) and precore regions.Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed,Web of Science and the Chinese Biological Medicine databases through to November 2014.Study-specific risk estimates were combined using fixed or random effects models depending on whether significant heterogeneity was detected.Results:Twenty prospective studies were identified,which included 8 cohort and 12 nested case-control studies.There was an increased risk of HCC associated with any PreS mutations with a pooled relative risk(RR) of 3.82[95% confidence interval(CI):2.59-5.61].The pooled-RR for PreS deletion was 3.98(95%CI:2.28-6.95),which was higher than that of PreS2 start codon mutation(pooled-RR=2.63,95%CI:1.30-5.34).C1653 T in Enhancer Ⅱ was significantly associated with HCC risk(pooled-RR=1.83;95%CI:1.21-2.76).For mutations in BCP,statistically significant pooled-RRs of HCC were obtained for T1753V(pooledRR=2.09;95%CI:1.49-2.94) and A1762T/G1764 A double mutations(pooled-RR=3.11;95%CI:2.08-4.64).No statistically significant association with HCC risk was observed for G1896 A in the precore region(pooled-RR=0.77;95%CI:0.47-1.26).Conclusions:This study demonstrated that PreS mutations,C1653 T,T1753V,and A1762T/G1764 A,were associated with an increased risk of HCC.Clinical practices concerning the HCC risk prediction and diagnosis may wish to focus on patients with these mutations.
基金supported by the funds of Key Discipline and Specialty Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planningthe National Key Basic Research Program "973 project" (2015CB554000)grants from US National Institutes of Health (R37 CA070867, R01 CA82729, UM1CA173640, and UM1 CA182910)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the population attributable risks(PARs) between cigarette smoking and deaths of all causes, all cancers, lung cancer and other chronic diseases in urban Shanghai.Methods: In total, 61,480 men aged 40-74 years from 2002 to 2006 and 74,941 women aged 40-70 years from 1997 to 2000 were recruited to undergo baseline surveys in urban Shanghai, with response rates of 74.0% and 92.3%, respectively. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate relative risks(RRs) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs) of deaths associated with cigarette smoking. PARs and 95% CIs for deaths were estimated from smoking exposure rates and the estimated RRs.Results: Cigarette smoking was responsible for 23.9%(95% CI: 19.4-28.3%) and 2.4%(95% CI: 1.6-3.2%) of all deaths in men and women, respectively, in our study population. Respiratory disease had the highest PAR in men [37.5%(95% CI: 21.5-51.6%)], followed by cancer [31.3%(95% CI: 24.6-37.7%)] and cardiovascular disease(CVD) [24.1%(95% CI: 16.7-31.2%)]. While the top three PARs were 12.7%(95% CI: 6.1-19.3%), 4.0%(95% CI: 2.4-5.6%), and 1.1%(95% CI: 0.0-2.3%), for respiratory disease, CVD, and cancer, respectively in women. For deaths of lung cancer, the PAR of smoking was 68.4%(95% CI: 58.2-76.5%) in men.Conclusions: In urban Shanghai, 23.9% and 2.4% of all deaths in men and women could have been prevented if no people had smoked in the area. Effective control programs against cigarette smoking should be strongly advocated to reduce the increasing smoking-related death burden.
基金supported by United States Public Health Service (USPHS) grant R01CA92585 from the National Cancer Institute
文摘ABO blood type has been associated with risk of several malignancies. However, results are not consistent. In this population-based case-control study including 1204 incident endometrial cancer cases and 1212 population controls, we examined the association of self-reported serologic blood type with endometrial cancer risk using a logistic regression model. Women with endometrial cancer were more likely to have blood type A. Compared to women with blood type O, the adjusted odds ratios for endometrial cancer were 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-1.28] for type B, 1.24 (95% CI, 0.90-1.69) for type AB, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.19-1.90) for type A. A significant dose-response relationship was observed for cancer risk and level of antigen A (P for trend = 0.0003). The positive association of blood type A with cancer risk was observed regardless of menopausal status, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, or family cancer history. Our results suggest that ABO blood type may be involved in the development of endometrial cancer.
基金supported in part by the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (P30 CA68485)supported by a National Cancer Institute grant (R01 CA92585, PI: Xiao-Ou Shu)
文摘A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene on chromosome 6q25.1. Given that endometrial cancer shares many risk factors with breast cancer and both are related to estrogen exposure and that rs2046210 is in close proximity to the ESR1 gene, we evaluated the association of SNP rs2046210 with endometrial cancer risk among 953 cases and 947 controls in a population-based, case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders. We found that the A allele of rs2046210, linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, was associated with increased but not statistically significant risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.96-1.41 for the GA and AA genotypes compared with the GG genotype); the association was stronger among post-menopausal women (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00-1.65). The association tended to be stronger among women with higher or longer estrogen exposure than among women with relatively lower or shorter exposure to estrogen. Our study suggests that rs2046210 may play a role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings.
基金supported by funds from the National Key Basic Research Program "973 project" (2015CB554000)the State Key Project Specialized for Infectious Diseases of China (No.2008ZX10002-015 and 2012ZX10002008-002)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81421001)
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a malignant disease with limited therapeutic options due to its aggressive progression. It places heavy burden on most low and middle income countries to treat HCC patients. Nowadays accurate HCC risk predictions can help making decisions on the need for HCC surveillance and antiviral therapy. HCC risk prediction models based on major risk factors of HCC are useful and helpful in providing adequate surveillance strategies to individuals who have different risk levels. Several risk prediction models among cohorts of different populations for estimating HCC incidence have been presented recently by using simple, efficient, and ready-to-use parameters. Moreover, using predictive scoring systems to assess HCC development can provide suggestions to improve clinical and public health approaches, making them more cost-effective and effort-effective, for inducing personalized surveillance programs according to risk stratification. In this review, the features of risk prediction models of HCC across different populations were summarized, and the perspectives of HCC risk prediction models were discussed as well.
基金supported by the National Key Project of Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1302503)the National Key Basic Research Program of China“973 Program”(No.2015CB554000)the State Key Project Specialized for Infectious Diseases of China(No.2008ZX10002-015 and No.2012ZX10002008-002).
文摘Aim:To describe the global pattern and trend of liver cancer survival,using data from the population-based studies or cancer registration.Methods:By searching CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE and SEER.All population-based survival studies of liver cancer from 1 January 2000 to 30 April 2020 were collected and evaluated by patient gender,time period,and country.The overall or age-standardized five-year relative survival rate was used to describe the pattern and changes in liver cancer survival over the past decades.Results:Globally,the highest age-standardized five-year relative survival rate was observed in Italy(18.0%,2005-2007)and the highest overall five-year relative survival rate was observed in Korea(34.6%,2012-2016),when compared to other countries.The most remarkable increase in overall five-year relative survival rate can be seen in Korea(from 10.7%during 1993-1995 to 34.6%during 2012-2016).In general,worldwide,the five-year relative survival rate of younger patients with liver cancer was higher than old people.For most countries,the five-year relative survival rate of liver cancer was slightly higher in women than in men.In China,the overall five-year relative survival rate of liver cancer in Taiwan was higher than that in other areas,while Cixian of Hebei and Qidong of Jiangsu were lower.Conclusion:Over the past decades,the survival rates of liver cancer have gradually improved,but great variations are also observed globally.Worldwide,younger patients with liver cancer have experienced a better prognosis.Gender disparity in liver cancer survival was not obvious.
