BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic progressive autoimmune cholestatic disease.The main target organ of PBC is the liver,and nonsuppurative inflammation of the small intrahepatic bile ducts may eve...BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic progressive autoimmune cholestatic disease.The main target organ of PBC is the liver,and nonsuppurative inflammation of the small intrahepatic bile ducts may eventually develop into cirrhosis or liver fibrosis.AIM To explore the clinical characteristics of early-stage PBC,identify PBC in the early clinical stage,and promptly treat and monitor PBC.METHODS The data of 82 patients with PBC confirmed by pathology at Tianjin Second People’s Hospital from January 2013 to November 2021 were collected,and the patients were divided into stage I,stage II,stage III,and stage IV according to the pathological stage.The general data,serum biochemistry,immunoglobulins,and autoimmune antibodies of patients in each stage were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS In early-stage(stages I+II)PBC patients,50.0%of patients had normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels,and 37.5%had normal aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels.For the remaining patients,the ALT and AST levels were mildly elevated;all of these patients had levels of<3 times the upper limit of normal values.The AST levels were significantly different among the three groups(stages I+II vs stage III vs stage IV,P<0.05).In the early stage,29.2%of patients had normal alkaline phosphatase(ALP)levels.The remaining patients had different degrees of ALP elevation;6.3%had ALP levels>5 times the upper limit of normal value.Moreover,γ-glutamyl transferase(GGT)was more robustly elevated,as 29.2%of patients had GGT levels of>10 times the upper limit of normal value.The ALP values among the three groups were significantly different(P<0.05).In early stage,the jaundice index did not increase significantly,but it gradually increased with disease progression.However,the above indicators were significantly different(P<0.05)between the early-stage group and the stage IV group.With the progression of the disease,the levels of albumin and albumin/globulin ratio tended to decrease,and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).In early-stage patients,IgM and IgG levels as well as cholesterol levels were mildly elevated,but there were no significant differences among the three groups.Triglyceride levels were normal in the early-stage group,and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The early detection rates of anti-mitochondria antibody(AMA)and AMA-M2 were 66.7%and 45.8%,respectively.The positive rate of anti-sp100 antibodies was significantly higher in patients with stage IV PBC.When AMA and AMA-M2 were negative,in the early stage,the highest autoantibody was anti-nuclear antibody(ANA)(92.3%),and in all ANA patterns,the highest was ANA centromere(38.5%).CONCLUSION In early-stage PBC patients,ALT and AST levels are normal or mildly elevated,GGT and ALP levels are not elevated in parallel,GGT levels are more robustly elevated,and ALP levels are normal in some patients.When AMA and AMA-M2 are negative,ANA especially ANA centromere positivity suggests the possibility of early PBC.Therefore,in the clinic,significantly elevated GGT levels with or without normal ALP levels and with ANA(particularly ANA centromere)positivity(when AMA and AMA-M2 are negative)may indicate the possibility of early PBC.展开更多
Near-bottom observation data from the manned deep submersible Jiaolong with high-precision underwater positioning data from Weijia Guyot,Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are reported.Three substrate typ...Near-bottom observation data from the manned deep submersible Jiaolong with high-precision underwater positioning data from Weijia Guyot,Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are reported.Three substrate types were identified:Sediment,ferromanganese crust,and ferromanganese crust with a thin cover of sediment.The ferromanganese crusts show clear zoning and their continuity is usually disturbed by sediments on areas of the mountainside with relatively gentle slope gradients.The identified substrate spatial distributions correspond to acoustic backscatter intensity data,with regions of high intensity always including crust development and regions of low intensity always having sediment.Therefore,acoustic backscatter intensity surveying appears useful in the delineation and evaluation of crust resources,although further more work is needed to develop a practicable methodology.展开更多
AIM： To study the influence of HBcAg on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 （TGF-131） in liver tissue of low-grade chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients. METHODS： The expression of T（3F-β1 and HBc...AIM： To study the influence of HBcAg on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 （TGF-131） in liver tissue of low-grade chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients. METHODS： The expression of T（3F-β1 and HBcAg in liver samples from 93 low-grade CHB patients was detected by immunohistochemistry and valuated by semi-quantitative scoring. RESULTS： In the 93 low-grade CHB patients, HBcAg was expressed in cell plasma but not in the liver tissue. There was no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION： The expression of TGF-β1 is not related with HBcAg expressed as plasma type in the tissues of low-grade CHB patients.展开更多
Ultrasmall Au nanoclusters have been proven to effectively enhance the catalytic performance of NiFe layered double hydroxides(NiFe-LDHs)toward oxygen evolution reaction(OER),yet the surface ligand effect of the Au na...Ultrasmall Au nanoclusters have been proven to effectively enhance the catalytic performance of NiFe layered double hydroxides(NiFe-LDHs)toward oxygen evolution reaction(OER),yet the surface ligand effect of the Au nanoclusters still remains elusive.Herein,a systematic study is reported to examine the OER performance of NiFe-LDHs supported atom-precise all alkynyl-protected[Au_(28)(~tBuC≡C)17]~-nanoclusters(Au_(28)-Alkynyl in short)and thiolate-protected Au_(28)(TBBT)_(20)(TBBT=4-tert-butylbenzene thiol)counterp arts(Au_(28)-Thiolate in short).The Au_(28)-Alkynyl cluster has characteristic absorbance feature,and its composition is verified by mass spectrometry.It possesses a drastically different structure from the reported mixed ligand protected Au_(28)nanoclusters.Interestingly,the NiFe-LDHs loaded with Au_(28)-Alkynyl exhibited a superior OER performance than the sample loaded with Au28-Thiolate under the same conditions,evidenced by a smaller overpotential of 205 mV at the current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)and a lower Tafel slope value of 41.0 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH.Such excellent performance is attributed to the interfaces created between the NiFe-LDHs and the Au nanoclusters,as density functional theory calculations reveal that more significant charge transfer occurs in Au_(28)-Alkynyl/NiFeLDHs catalyst,and more importantly,the energy barrier of the potential-determining step in the OER process for Au28-Alkynyl/NiFe-LDHs is much lower than that of Au28-Thiolate/NiFe-LDHs hence favors the electrocatalytic reaction.展开更多
A newly designed hot-stamping steel alloyed by chromium （Cr） and manganese （Mn） without boron （B） addition was developed for automobile mass reduction. The experimental results showed the Cr-Mn alloyed steel cou...A newly designed hot-stamping steel alloyed by chromium （Cr） and manganese （Mn） without boron （B） addition was developed for automobile mass reduction. The experimental results showed the Cr-Mn alloyed steel could be quenched to full martensite microstructure when the cooling rate was higher than 14 ℃/s. Yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the experimental hot stamping part reached 1 180 MPa, 1 645 MPa and 8.4% , respectively. The experimental hot stamping part possessed higher tensile strength and elongation, compared with conventional hot-stamping steel of 22MnB5. Furthermore, excellent processing flexibility would be obtained in this novel hot-stamping steel because of its lower critical cooling rate and phase transformation temperature. The design of the composition and investigations of microstructure, mechanical properties and hot-stamping processing were also studied.展开更多
In this work, monodisperse giant polymersomes are fabricated by dewetting of water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets which are assembled by amphiphilic block copolymer molecules in a microfluidic device. The de...In this work, monodisperse giant polymersomes are fabricated by dewetting of water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets which are assembled by amphiphilic block copolymer molecules in a microfluidic device. The dewetting process can be tuned by solvation between solvent and amphiphilic block copolymer to get polymersomes with controllable morphology. Good solvent （chloroform and toluene） hinders dewetting process of double emulsion droplets and gets acornlike polymersomes or patched polymersomes. On the other hand, poor solvent （hexane） accelerates the dewetting process and achieves complete separation of inner water phase from oil phase to form complete bilayer polymersomes. In addition, twin polymersomes with bilayer membrane structure are formed by this facile method. The formation mechanism for different polymersomes is discussed in detail.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic progressive autoimmune cholestatic disease.The main target organ of PBC is the liver,and nonsuppurative inflammation of the small intrahepatic bile ducts may eventually develop into cirrhosis or liver fibrosis.AIM To explore the clinical characteristics of early-stage PBC,identify PBC in the early clinical stage,and promptly treat and monitor PBC.METHODS The data of 82 patients with PBC confirmed by pathology at Tianjin Second People’s Hospital from January 2013 to November 2021 were collected,and the patients were divided into stage I,stage II,stage III,and stage IV according to the pathological stage.The general data,serum biochemistry,immunoglobulins,and autoimmune antibodies of patients in each stage were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS In early-stage(stages I+II)PBC patients,50.0%of patients had normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels,and 37.5%had normal aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels.For the remaining patients,the ALT and AST levels were mildly elevated;all of these patients had levels of<3 times the upper limit of normal values.The AST levels were significantly different among the three groups(stages I+II vs stage III vs stage IV,P<0.05).In the early stage,29.2%of patients had normal alkaline phosphatase(ALP)levels.The remaining patients had different degrees of ALP elevation;6.3%had ALP levels>5 times the upper limit of normal value.Moreover,γ-glutamyl transferase(GGT)was more robustly elevated,as 29.2%of patients had GGT levels of>10 times the upper limit of normal value.The ALP values among the three groups were significantly different(P<0.05).In early stage,the jaundice index did not increase significantly,but it gradually increased with disease progression.However,the above indicators were significantly different(P<0.05)between the early-stage group and the stage IV group.With the progression of the disease,the levels of albumin and albumin/globulin ratio tended to decrease,and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).In early-stage patients,IgM and IgG levels as well as cholesterol levels were mildly elevated,but there were no significant differences among the three groups.Triglyceride levels were normal in the early-stage group,and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The early detection rates of anti-mitochondria antibody(AMA)and AMA-M2 were 66.7%and 45.8%,respectively.The positive rate of anti-sp100 antibodies was significantly higher in patients with stage IV PBC.When AMA and AMA-M2 were negative,in the early stage,the highest autoantibody was anti-nuclear antibody(ANA)(92.3%),and in all ANA patterns,the highest was ANA centromere(38.5%).CONCLUSION In early-stage PBC patients,ALT and AST levels are normal or mildly elevated,GGT and ALP levels are not elevated in parallel,GGT levels are more robustly elevated,and ALP levels are normal in some patients.When AMA and AMA-M2 are negative,ANA especially ANA centromere positivity suggests the possibility of early PBC.Therefore,in the clinic,significantly elevated GGT levels with or without normal ALP levels and with ANA(particularly ANA centromere)positivity(when AMA and AMA-M2 are negative)may indicate the possibility of early PBC.
基金This studywas funded by the Resource and Environment COMRA Projects (DY135-C1-1-02,DY135-C1-1-01)the China Geological Survey(DD20191009).
文摘Near-bottom observation data from the manned deep submersible Jiaolong with high-precision underwater positioning data from Weijia Guyot,Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are reported.Three substrate types were identified:Sediment,ferromanganese crust,and ferromanganese crust with a thin cover of sediment.The ferromanganese crusts show clear zoning and their continuity is usually disturbed by sediments on areas of the mountainside with relatively gentle slope gradients.The identified substrate spatial distributions correspond to acoustic backscatter intensity data,with regions of high intensity always including crust development and regions of low intensity always having sediment.Therefore,acoustic backscatter intensity surveying appears useful in the delineation and evaluation of crust resources,although further more work is needed to develop a practicable methodology.
基金Supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Commission,No.H020920020290
文摘AIM： To study the influence of HBcAg on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 （TGF-131） in liver tissue of low-grade chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients. METHODS： The expression of T（3F-β1 and HBcAg in liver samples from 93 low-grade CHB patients was detected by immunohistochemistry and valuated by semi-quantitative scoring. RESULTS： In the 93 low-grade CHB patients, HBcAg was expressed in cell plasma but not in the liver tissue. There was no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION： The expression of TGF-β1 is not related with HBcAg expressed as plasma type in the tissues of low-grade CHB patients.
基金financially supported by Guangdong Natural Science Funds (No.2022A1515011840)the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong for support through the projects (Nos.16201820 and 16206019)the Project of Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone (No.HZQB-KCZYB-2020083)。
文摘Ultrasmall Au nanoclusters have been proven to effectively enhance the catalytic performance of NiFe layered double hydroxides(NiFe-LDHs)toward oxygen evolution reaction(OER),yet the surface ligand effect of the Au nanoclusters still remains elusive.Herein,a systematic study is reported to examine the OER performance of NiFe-LDHs supported atom-precise all alkynyl-protected[Au_(28)(~tBuC≡C)17]~-nanoclusters(Au_(28)-Alkynyl in short)and thiolate-protected Au_(28)(TBBT)_(20)(TBBT=4-tert-butylbenzene thiol)counterp arts(Au_(28)-Thiolate in short).The Au_(28)-Alkynyl cluster has characteristic absorbance feature,and its composition is verified by mass spectrometry.It possesses a drastically different structure from the reported mixed ligand protected Au_(28)nanoclusters.Interestingly,the NiFe-LDHs loaded with Au_(28)-Alkynyl exhibited a superior OER performance than the sample loaded with Au28-Thiolate under the same conditions,evidenced by a smaller overpotential of 205 mV at the current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)and a lower Tafel slope value of 41.0 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH.Such excellent performance is attributed to the interfaces created between the NiFe-LDHs and the Au nanoclusters,as density functional theory calculations reveal that more significant charge transfer occurs in Au_(28)-Alkynyl/NiFeLDHs catalyst,and more importantly,the energy barrier of the potential-determining step in the OER process for Au28-Alkynyl/NiFe-LDHs is much lower than that of Au28-Thiolate/NiFe-LDHs hence favors the electrocatalytic reaction.
基金Item Sponsored by Science and Technology Department of Anhui Province of China(12010202015)
文摘A newly designed hot-stamping steel alloyed by chromium （Cr） and manganese （Mn） without boron （B） addition was developed for automobile mass reduction. The experimental results showed the Cr-Mn alloyed steel could be quenched to full martensite microstructure when the cooling rate was higher than 14 ℃/s. Yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the experimental hot stamping part reached 1 180 MPa, 1 645 MPa and 8.4% , respectively. The experimental hot stamping part possessed higher tensile strength and elongation, compared with conventional hot-stamping steel of 22MnB5. Furthermore, excellent processing flexibility would be obtained in this novel hot-stamping steel because of its lower critical cooling rate and phase transformation temperature. The design of the composition and investigations of microstructure, mechanical properties and hot-stamping processing were also studied.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50633030,Innovation Group:50921062)
文摘In this work, monodisperse giant polymersomes are fabricated by dewetting of water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets which are assembled by amphiphilic block copolymer molecules in a microfluidic device. The dewetting process can be tuned by solvation between solvent and amphiphilic block copolymer to get polymersomes with controllable morphology. Good solvent （chloroform and toluene） hinders dewetting process of double emulsion droplets and gets acornlike polymersomes or patched polymersomes. On the other hand, poor solvent （hexane） accelerates the dewetting process and achieves complete separation of inner water phase from oil phase to form complete bilayer polymersomes. In addition, twin polymersomes with bilayer membrane structure are formed by this facile method. The formation mechanism for different polymersomes is discussed in detail.
