The latest developments in bio-inspired neuromorphic vision sensors can be summarized in 3 keywords:smaller,faster,and smarter.(1)Smaller:Devices are becoming more compact by integrating previously separated component...The latest developments in bio-inspired neuromorphic vision sensors can be summarized in 3 keywords:smaller,faster,and smarter.(1)Smaller:Devices are becoming more compact by integrating previously separated components such as sensors,memory,and processing units.As a prime example,the transition from traditional sensory vision computing to in-sensor vision computing has shown clear benefits,such as simpler circuitry,lower power consumption,and less data redundancy.(2)Swifter:Owing to the nature of physics,smaller and more integrated devices can detect,process,and react to input more quickly.In addition,the methods for sensing and processing optical information using various materials(such as oxide semiconductors)are evolving.(3)Smarter:Owing to these two main research directions,we can expect advanced applications such as adaptive vision sensors,collision sensors,and nociceptive sensors.This review mainly focuses on the recent progress,working mechanisms,image pre-processing techniques,and advanced features of two types of neuromorphic vision sensors based on near-sensor and in-sensor vision computing methodologies.展开更多
Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or g...Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of COPD. This study evaluated the levels of cyclophilin B in sputa from patients with COPD and COPD with acute exacerbation (AECOPD). Materials and Methods: Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used for differential display proteomics. Western blotting was used to identify and quantify cyclophilin B in sputum from subjects with AECOPD and COPD. Results: Forty-nine protein spots differed in relative intensity between the AECOPD (n = 6) and COPD (n = 6) subjects. Twenty proteins showed increased expression in the sputum of AECOPD subjects, and 29 proteins were present at lower levels in AECOPD sputum compared with COPD sputum. One of these proteins was associated with cyclophilin B. Cyclophilin B concentrations were lower in sputum from subjects with COPD (n = 4) versus AECOPD (n = 4). Conclusion: The sputum proteomic analysis suggests that changes in various proteins are associated with the development of AECOPD.展开更多
To overcome the intrinsic inefficiency of the von Neumann architecture,neuromorphic devices that perform analog vector–matrix multiplication have been highlighted for achieving power-and time-efficient data processin...To overcome the intrinsic inefficiency of the von Neumann architecture,neuromorphic devices that perform analog vector–matrix multiplication have been highlighted for achieving power-and time-efficient data processing.In particular,artificial synapses,of which conductance should be programmed to represent the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network,have been intensively researched to realize neuromorphic devices.Here,inspired by excitatory and inhibitory synapses,we develop an artificial optoelectronic synapse that shows both potentiation and depression characteristics triggered only by optical inputs.The design of the artificial optoelectronic synapse,in which excitatory and inhibitory synaptic phototransistors are serially connected,enables these characteristics by spatiotemporally irradiating the phototransistor channels with optical pulses.Furthermore,a negative synaptic weight can be realized without the need for electronic components such as comparators.With such attributes,the artificial optoelectronic synapse is demonstrated to classify three digits with a high recognition rate(98.3%)and perform image preprocessing via analog vector-matrix multiplication.展开更多
Fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)is an osteocyte-and osteoblast-derived hormone that primarily regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism.Circulatory FGF23 levels are abnormally increased in pathological conditions...Fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)is an osteocyte-and osteoblast-derived hormone that primarily regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism.Circulatory FGF23 levels are abnormally increased in pathological conditions like acute or chronic kidney injury,resulting in disease progression as well as increased rates of morbidity and mortality.^(1) However,FGF23 production in acute liver injury is not fully investigated.In this study.展开更多
To enable the computer-aided design of vertically stacked two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure devices,we here introduce a non-equilibrium first-principles simulation method based on the multi-space co...To enable the computer-aided design of vertically stacked two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure devices,we here introduce a non-equilibrium first-principles simulation method based on the multi-space constrained-search density functional formalism.Applying it to graphene/few-layer hBN/graphene field-effect transistors,we show that the negative differential resistance(NDR)characteristics can be produced not only from the gating-induced mismatch between two graphene Dirac cones in energy-momentum space but from the bias-dependent energetic shift of defect levels.Specifically,for a carbon atom substituted for a nitrogen atom(C_(N))within inner hBN layers,the increase of bias voltage is found to induce a self-consistent electron filling of in-gap C_(N)states,which in turn changes voltage drop profiles and produces symmetric NDR characteristics.With the CN placed on outer hBN layers,however,the pinning of C_(N)states to nearby graphene significantly modifies device characteristics,demonstrating the critical impact of atomic details for 2D vdW devices.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2019R1A2C2002447)This research also was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.NRF-2014R1A6A1030419)This work also was supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(P0020967,Advanced Training Program for Smart Sensor Engineers).
文摘The latest developments in bio-inspired neuromorphic vision sensors can be summarized in 3 keywords:smaller,faster,and smarter.(1)Smaller:Devices are becoming more compact by integrating previously separated components such as sensors,memory,and processing units.As a prime example,the transition from traditional sensory vision computing to in-sensor vision computing has shown clear benefits,such as simpler circuitry,lower power consumption,and less data redundancy.(2)Swifter:Owing to the nature of physics,smaller and more integrated devices can detect,process,and react to input more quickly.In addition,the methods for sensing and processing optical information using various materials(such as oxide semiconductors)are evolving.(3)Smarter:Owing to these two main research directions,we can expect advanced applications such as adaptive vision sensors,collision sensors,and nociceptive sensors.This review mainly focuses on the recent progress,working mechanisms,image pre-processing techniques,and advanced features of two types of neuromorphic vision sensors based on near-sensor and in-sensor vision computing methodologies.
文摘Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of COPD. This study evaluated the levels of cyclophilin B in sputa from patients with COPD and COPD with acute exacerbation (AECOPD). Materials and Methods: Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used for differential display proteomics. Western blotting was used to identify and quantify cyclophilin B in sputum from subjects with AECOPD and COPD. Results: Forty-nine protein spots differed in relative intensity between the AECOPD (n = 6) and COPD (n = 6) subjects. Twenty proteins showed increased expression in the sputum of AECOPD subjects, and 29 proteins were present at lower levels in AECOPD sputum compared with COPD sputum. One of these proteins was associated with cyclophilin B. Cyclophilin B concentrations were lower in sputum from subjects with COPD (n = 4) versus AECOPD (n = 4). Conclusion: The sputum proteomic analysis suggests that changes in various proteins are associated with the development of AECOPD.
基金Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:2E32242KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology+1 种基金National Research Foundation of Korea,Grant/Award Number:2023R1A2C2003985Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion,Grant/Award Number:2020-0-00841。
文摘To overcome the intrinsic inefficiency of the von Neumann architecture,neuromorphic devices that perform analog vector–matrix multiplication have been highlighted for achieving power-and time-efficient data processing.In particular,artificial synapses,of which conductance should be programmed to represent the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network,have been intensively researched to realize neuromorphic devices.Here,inspired by excitatory and inhibitory synapses,we develop an artificial optoelectronic synapse that shows both potentiation and depression characteristics triggered only by optical inputs.The design of the artificial optoelectronic synapse,in which excitatory and inhibitory synaptic phototransistors are serially connected,enables these characteristics by spatiotemporally irradiating the phototransistor channels with optical pulses.Furthermore,a negative synaptic weight can be realized without the need for electronic components such as comparators.With such attributes,the artificial optoelectronic synapse is demonstrated to classify three digits with a high recognition rate(98.3%)and perform image preprocessing via analog vector-matrix multiplication.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)basic science research program Korean government(Ministry of Science and ICT),Republic of Korea(No.2020R1A6A3A01096145,2020)(No.NRF-2019R1C1C1005319,2019)(No.NRF-2017R1A6A3A04006167,2017)(No.NRF-2020R1A2C3006952,2020)and(No.NRF-2021R1A2C3004923,2021)The Federal Ministry of Education and Research-Liver Systems Medicine Program of the Stiftung für Biomedizinische Alkoholforschung,Germany(No.PTJ-031L0043).
文摘Fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)is an osteocyte-and osteoblast-derived hormone that primarily regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism.Circulatory FGF23 levels are abnormally increased in pathological conditions like acute or chronic kidney injury,resulting in disease progression as well as increased rates of morbidity and mortality.^(1) However,FGF23 production in acute liver injury is not fully investigated.In this study.
基金This work was supported by the Samsung Research Funding&Incubation Center of Samsung Electronics(No.SRFC-TA2003-01)Computational resources were provided by KISTI Supercomputing Center(KSC-2018-C2-0032).
文摘To enable the computer-aided design of vertically stacked two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure devices,we here introduce a non-equilibrium first-principles simulation method based on the multi-space constrained-search density functional formalism.Applying it to graphene/few-layer hBN/graphene field-effect transistors,we show that the negative differential resistance(NDR)characteristics can be produced not only from the gating-induced mismatch between two graphene Dirac cones in energy-momentum space but from the bias-dependent energetic shift of defect levels.Specifically,for a carbon atom substituted for a nitrogen atom(C_(N))within inner hBN layers,the increase of bias voltage is found to induce a self-consistent electron filling of in-gap C_(N)states,which in turn changes voltage drop profiles and produces symmetric NDR characteristics.With the CN placed on outer hBN layers,however,the pinning of C_(N)states to nearby graphene significantly modifies device characteristics,demonstrating the critical impact of atomic details for 2D vdW devices.
