Tight sand gas is an important unconventional gas resource occurring widely in different petroleum basins. In coal-bearing formations of the Upper Triassic in the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous and Permian in the...Tight sand gas is an important unconventional gas resource occurring widely in different petroleum basins. In coal-bearing formations of the Upper Triassic in the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous and Permian in the Ordos Basin, coal measure strata and tight sandstone constitute widely distributed source-reservoir assemblages and form the basic conditions for the formation of large tight sand gas fields. Similar to most tight gas basins in North America, the Sichuan, and Ordos Basins, all experienced overall moderate uplift and denudation in Meso- Cenozoic after earlier deep burial. Coal seam adsorption principles and actual coal sample simulation experiment results show that in the course of strata uplift, pressure drops and desorption occurs in coal measure strata, resulting in the discharge of substantial free gas. This ac- counts for 28 %-42 % of total gas expulsion from source rocks. At the same time, the free gases formerly stored in the pores of coal measure source rocks were also dis- charged at a large scale due to volumetric expansion re- sulting from strata uplift and pressure drop. Based on experimental data, the gas totally discharged in the uplift period of Upper Paleozoic in the Ordos Basin, and Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is calcu- lated as （3-6） × 10^5 m^3/km^2. Geological evidence for gasaccumulation in the uplift period is found in the gas reservoir analysis of the above two basins. Firstly, natural gas discharged in the uplift period has a lighter carbon isotope ratio and lower maturity than that formed in the burial period, belonging to that generated at the early stage of source rock maturity, and is absorbed and stored in coal measure strata. Secondly, physical simulation experiment results at high-temperature and high-salinity inclusions, and almost actual geologic conditions confirm that sub- stantial gas charging and accumulation occurred in the uplift period of the coal measure strata of the two basins. Diffusive flow is the main mode for gas accumulation in the uplift period, which probably reached 56 × 10^12 m^3 in the uplift period of the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin, compensating for the diffusive loss of gas in the gas reservoirs, and has an important contribution to the formation of large gas fields. The above insight has promoted the gas resource extent and potential of the coal measure tight sand uplift area; therefore, we need to reassess the areas formerly believed unfavorable where the uplift scale is large, so as to get better resource potential and exploration prospects.展开更多
Our previous study used regional homogeneity analysis and found that activity in some brain areas of patients with ischemic stroke changed significantly. In the current study, we examined structural changes in these b...Our previous study used regional homogeneity analysis and found that activity in some brain areas of patients with ischemic stroke changed significantly. In the current study, we examined structural changes in these brain regions by taking structural magnetic resonance imaging scans of 11 ischemic stroke patients and 15 healthy participants, and analyzing the data using voxel-based morphometry. Compared with healthy participants, patients exhibited higher gray matter density in the left inferior occipital gyrus and right anterior white matter tract. In contrast, gray matter density in the right cerebellum, left precentral gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus was less in ischemic stroke patients. The changes of gray matter density in the middle frontal gyrus were negatively associated with the clin- ical rating scales of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment （r = -0.609, P = 0.047） and the left middle temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the clinical rating scales of the nervous functional deficiency scale （r = -0.737, P = 0.010）. Our findings call objectively identify the functional abnormality in some brain regions of ischemic stroke patients.展开更多
Fe-containing graphitic carbon nitride（Fe-g-C3N4） materials were synthesized via one-step pyroly-sis of FeCl3 and dicyandiamide. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized Fe-g-C3N4 sam-ples were characterize...Fe-containing graphitic carbon nitride（Fe-g-C3N4） materials were synthesized via one-step pyroly-sis of FeCl3 and dicyandiamide. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized Fe-g-C3N4 sam-ples were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric, Fourier transform infrared, UV-vis diffuse reflectance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Fe cations were anchored by nitrogen-rich g-C3N4, whereas the graphitic structures of g-C3N4 were retained after the introduction of Fe. As heterogeneous catalysts, Fe-g-C3 N4 exhibited good catalytic activity in the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with H2O2, affording a maximum yield of phenol of up to 17.5%. Compared with other Fe- and V-containing g-C3N4 materials, Fe-g-C3N4 features a more convenient preparation procedure and higher catalytic productivity of phenol.展开更多
This study aimed to detect the difference in resting cerebral activities between ischemic stroke pa- tients and healthy participants, define the abnormal site, and provide new evidence for pathological mechanisms, cli...This study aimed to detect the difference in resting cerebral activities between ischemic stroke pa- tients and healthy participants, define the abnormal site, and provide new evidence for pathological mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, prognosis prediction and efficacy evaluation of ischemic stroke. At present, the majority of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies focus on the motor dysfunc- tion and the acute stage of ischemic stroke. This study recruited 15 right-handed ischemic stroke patients at subacute stage （15 days to 11.5 weeks） and 15 age-matched healthy participants. A rest- ing-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed on each subject to detect cerebral activity. Regional homogeneity analysis was used to investigate the difference in cerebral activities between ischemic stroke patients and healthy participants. The results showed that the ischemic stroke patients had lower regional homogeneity in anterior cingulate and left cerebrum and higher regional homogeneity in cerebellum, left precuneus and left frontal lobe, compared with healthy participants. The experimental findings demonstrate that the areas in which regional homogeneity was different between ischemic stroke patients and healthy participants are in the cerebellum, left precuneus, left triangle inferior frontal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate. These locations, related to the motor, sensory and emotion areas, are likely po- tential targets for the neural regeneration of subacute ischemic stroke patients.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to investigate the entire evolution process of shales with various total organic contents(TOC)in order to build models for quantitative evaluation of oil and gas yields and establish metho...The purpose of this study is to investigate the entire evolution process of shales with various total organic contents(TOC)in order to build models for quantitative evaluation of oil and gas yields and establish methods for assessing recoverable oil and gas resources from in-situ conversion of organic matters in shale.Thermal simulation experiments under in-situ conversion conditions were conducted on Chang 7_(3) shales from the Ordos Basin in a semi-open system with large capacity.The results showed that TOC and R_(o) were the key factors affecting the in-situ transformation potential of shale.The remaining oil and gas yields increased linearly with TOC but inconsistently with R_(o).R_(o) ranged 0.75%—1.25%and 1.05%—2.3%,respectively,corresponding to the main oil generation stage and gas generation stage of shale in-situ transformation.Thus a model to evaluate the remaining oil/gas yield with TOC and R_(o) was obtained.The TOC of shale suitable for in-situ conversion should be greater than 6%,whereas its R_(o) should be less than 1.0%.Shales with 0.75%(R_(o))could obtain the best economic benefit.The results provided a theoretical basis and evaluation methodology for predicting the hydrocarbon resources from in-situ conversion of shale and for the identification of the optimum“sweet spots”.The assessment of the Chang 7_(3) shale in the Ordos Basin indicated that the recoverable oil and gas resources from in-situ conversion of organic matters in shale are substantial,with oil and gas resources reaching approximately 450×10^(8) t and 30×10^(12)m^(3),respectively,from an area of 4.27×10^(4) km^(2).展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of miR-467 b on the atherosclerosis(AS) of rats with apolipoprotein E(ApoE) gene knockout(ApoE^(-/-)).Methods:ApoE^(-/-) rats were fed with high fat and high cholesterol diet and were r...Objective:To observe the effect of miR-467 b on the atherosclerosis(AS) of rats with apolipoprotein E(ApoE) gene knockout(ApoE^(-/-)).Methods:ApoE^(-/-) rats were fed with high fat and high cholesterol diet and were randomly divided into group A,group B and group C,with10 rats in each group.Group A:rats were injected with ApoE agonist through the caudal vein;Group B:rats were injected with ApoE antagonist through the caudal vein;Group C:as negative control group.Enzyme oxidation method was used to detect the blood lipid levels of rats.Western blotting method was used to detect the aortic lipoprotein lipase(LPL) cxprcssion IcvcLs of rats.HE staining and oil rod o staining were performed to observe the AS lesions and lipid accumulation state.Results:Compared with Group C,blood lipid level,aortic intima and aortic sinus lipid accumulation area ratio,aortic sinus lesion area and LPL expression level in Group A significantly reduced:while blood lipid level,aortic intima and aortic sinus lipid accumulation area ratio,aortic sinus lesion area,and LPL expression level in Group B significantly increased,with the statistical difference(P<0.05).Conclusions:miR-467 b can alleviate the AS lesions of ApoE^(-/-) rats,and its inhibiting effect on AS may be related to LPL expression.展开更多
Background: The development of auditory and speech perception ability of children with hearing loss is affected by many factors after they undergo cochlear implantation (CI). Age at CI (CI age) appears to play an impo...Background: The development of auditory and speech perception ability of children with hearing loss is affected by many factors after they undergo cochlear implantation (CI). Age at CI (CI age) appears to play an important role among these factors. This study aimed to evaluate the development of auditory and speech perception ability and explore the impact of CI age on children with pre-lingual deafness present before 3 years of age. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-eight children with pre-lingual deafness (176 boys and 102 girls) were included in this study, and the CI age ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean age, 19 months). Categorical auditory performance (CAP) was assessed to evaluate auditory ability, and the speech intelligibility rating was used to evaluate speech intelligibility. The evaluations were performed before CI and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after CI. Results: The auditory ability of the pre-lingually hearing-impaired children showed the fastest development within 6 months after CI (k = 0.524, t = 30.992, P < 0.05);then, the progress started to decelerate (k = 0.14, t = 3.704, P < 0.05) and entered a plateau at the 24th month (k = 0.03, t = 1.908, P < 0.05). Speech intelligibility showed the fastest improvement between the 12th and 24th months after CI (k = 0.138, t = 5.365, P < 0.05);then, the progress started to decelerate (k = 0.026, t = 1.465, P < 0.05) and entered a plateau at the 48th month (k = 0.012, t = 1.542, P < 0.05). The CI age had no statistical significant effect on the auditory and speech abilities starting at 2 years after CI (P > 0.05). The optimal cutoff age for CI was 15 months. Conclusions: Within 5 years after CI, the auditory and speech ability of young hearing-impaired children continuously improved, although speech development lagged behind that of hearing. An earlier CI age is recommended;the optimal cutoff age for CI is at 15 months.展开更多
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides(RiPPs)are a class of cyclic or linear peptidic natural products with remarkable structural and functional diversity.Recent advances in genomics and sy...Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides(RiPPs)are a class of cyclic or linear peptidic natural products with remarkable structural and functional diversity.Recent advances in genomics and synthetic biology,are facilitating us to discover a large number of new ribosomal natural products,including lanthipeptides,lasso peptides,sactipeptides,thiopeptides,microviridins,cyanobactins,linear thiazole/oxazole-containing peptides and so on.In this review,we summarize bioinformatic strategies that have been developed to identify and prioritize biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)encoding RiPPs,and the genome mining-guided discovery of novel RiPPs.We also prospectively provide a vision of what genomics-guided discovery of RiPPs may look like in the future,especially the discovery of RiPPs from dominant but uncultivated microbes,which will be promoted by the combinational use of synthetic biology and metagenome mining strategies.展开更多
The hadal zone is the deepest point in the ocean with a depth that exceeds 6000 m. Exploration of the biological communities in hadal zone began in the 1950s (the first wave of hadal exploration) and substantial advan...The hadal zone is the deepest point in the ocean with a depth that exceeds 6000 m. Exploration of the biological communities in hadal zone began in the 1950s (the first wave of hadal exploration) and substantial advances have been made since the turn of the twenty-first century (the second wave of hadal exploration), resulting in a focus on the hadal sphere as a research hotspot because of its unique physical and chemical conditions. A variety of prokaryotes are found in the hadal zone. The mechanisms used by these prokaryotes to manage the high hydrostatic pressures and acquire energy from the environment are of substantial interest. Moreover, the symbioses between microbes and hadal animals have barely been studied. In addition, equipment has been developed that can now mimic hadal environments in the laboratory and allow cultivation of microbes under simulated in situ pressure. This review provides a brief summary of recent progress in the mechanisms by which microbes adapt to high hydrostatic pressures, manage limited energy resources and coexist with animals in the hadal zone, as well as technical developments in the exploration of hadal microbial life.展开更多
A highly sensitive sensor for determination of carbamate pesticides based rhodamine B（RB） modified silver nanoparticle（RB-AgNPs） was developed.Compared with the classical method,it combined colorimetric with fluor...A highly sensitive sensor for determination of carbamate pesticides based rhodamine B（RB） modified silver nanoparticle（RB-AgNPs） was developed.Compared with the classical method,it combined colorimetric with fluorescence for detecting carbamate pesticides in complex solutions.Carbamate pesticides can inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase（AChE）,thus preventing the generation of thiocholine.On the other hand,thioncholine can transform the yellow RB-AgNPs solutions gray color and unquenches the fluorescence of RB simultaneously.Once the activity of AChE was inhibited by the pesticide,the color of the RB-AgNPs solution remains yellow and the fluorescence of RB molecules remains quenched.Under optimized experimental conditions,carbaryl was detected in a concentration range from 0.1 ng/L to 8.0ng/L with a detection limit of 0.023 ng/L（it was detected by fluorescence spectra）.This simple method is suitable for determination of carbamate pesticides in complex samples,such as tomato,apple and river water.展开更多
New genes are drivers of evolutionary innovation and phenotypic evolution. Expression of new genes in early development raises the possibility that new genes could originate and be recruited for functions in embryonic...New genes are drivers of evolutionary innovation and phenotypic evolution. Expression of new genes in early development raises the possibility that new genes could originate and be recruited for functions in embryonic development, but this remains undocu- mented. Here, based on temporal gene expression at different developmental stages in Xenopus tropicolis, we found that young protein-coding genes were significantly enriched for expression in developmental stages occurring after the midblastula trans- ition （MBT）, and displayed a decreasing trend in abundance in the subsequent stages after MBT. To complement the finding, we demonstrate essential functional attributes of a young orphan gene, named as Fog2, in morphological development. Our data indicate that new genes could originate after MBT and be recruited for functions in embryonic development, and thus provide insights for better understanding of the origin, evolution, and function of new genes.展开更多
Background： Cochlear implants （Cls） can improve speech recognition for children with severe congenital hearing loss, and open-set word recognition is an important efficacy measure. This study examined Mandarin open...Background： Cochlear implants （Cls） can improve speech recognition for children with severe congenital hearing loss, and open-set word recognition is an important efficacy measure. This study examined Mandarin open-set word recognition development among Chinese children with Cls and normal hearing （NH）. Methods： This study included 457 children with CIs and 131 children with NH, who completed the Mandarin lexical neighborhood test. The results for children at 1-8 years alter receiving their Cls were compared to those from the children with NH using linear regression analysis and analysis of variance. Results： Recognition of disyllabic easy words, disyllabic hard words, monosyllabic easy words, and monosyllabic hard words increased with time after CI implantation. Scores for cases with implantation before 3 years old were significantly better than those for implantation after 3 years old. There were significant differences in open-set word recognition between the CI and NH groups. For implantation before 2 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 6-7 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH, or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH. For implantation before 3 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 8 9 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH, or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH. For implantation after 3 years, there was a significant difference in recognition at the age of 13 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH. Conclusions： Mandarin open-set word recognition increased with time after CI implantation, and the age at implantation had a significant effect on long-term speech recognition. Chinese children with Cls had delayed but similar development of recognition, compared to norrnal children. Early CI implantation can shorten the gap between children with Cls and normal children.展开更多
文摘Tight sand gas is an important unconventional gas resource occurring widely in different petroleum basins. In coal-bearing formations of the Upper Triassic in the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous and Permian in the Ordos Basin, coal measure strata and tight sandstone constitute widely distributed source-reservoir assemblages and form the basic conditions for the formation of large tight sand gas fields. Similar to most tight gas basins in North America, the Sichuan, and Ordos Basins, all experienced overall moderate uplift and denudation in Meso- Cenozoic after earlier deep burial. Coal seam adsorption principles and actual coal sample simulation experiment results show that in the course of strata uplift, pressure drops and desorption occurs in coal measure strata, resulting in the discharge of substantial free gas. This ac- counts for 28 %-42 % of total gas expulsion from source rocks. At the same time, the free gases formerly stored in the pores of coal measure source rocks were also dis- charged at a large scale due to volumetric expansion re- sulting from strata uplift and pressure drop. Based on experimental data, the gas totally discharged in the uplift period of Upper Paleozoic in the Ordos Basin, and Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is calcu- lated as （3-6） × 10^5 m^3/km^2. Geological evidence for gasaccumulation in the uplift period is found in the gas reservoir analysis of the above two basins. Firstly, natural gas discharged in the uplift period has a lighter carbon isotope ratio and lower maturity than that formed in the burial period, belonging to that generated at the early stage of source rock maturity, and is absorbed and stored in coal measure strata. Secondly, physical simulation experiment results at high-temperature and high-salinity inclusions, and almost actual geologic conditions confirm that sub- stantial gas charging and accumulation occurred in the uplift period of the coal measure strata of the two basins. Diffusive flow is the main mode for gas accumulation in the uplift period, which probably reached 56 × 10^12 m^3 in the uplift period of the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin, compensating for the diffusive loss of gas in the gas reservoirs, and has an important contribution to the formation of large gas fields. The above insight has promoted the gas resource extent and potential of the coal measure tight sand uplift area; therefore, we need to reassess the areas formerly believed unfavorable where the uplift scale is large, so as to get better resource potential and exploration prospects.
基金financially supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China(973 Program)No.2012CB518501the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81072864
文摘Our previous study used regional homogeneity analysis and found that activity in some brain areas of patients with ischemic stroke changed significantly. In the current study, we examined structural changes in these brain regions by taking structural magnetic resonance imaging scans of 11 ischemic stroke patients and 15 healthy participants, and analyzing the data using voxel-based morphometry. Compared with healthy participants, patients exhibited higher gray matter density in the left inferior occipital gyrus and right anterior white matter tract. In contrast, gray matter density in the right cerebellum, left precentral gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus was less in ischemic stroke patients. The changes of gray matter density in the middle frontal gyrus were negatively associated with the clin- ical rating scales of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment （r = -0.609, P = 0.047） and the left middle temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the clinical rating scales of the nervous functional deficiency scale （r = -0.737, P = 0.010）. Our findings call objectively identify the functional abnormality in some brain regions of ischemic stroke patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21673024)Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center (ACGM2016-06-28)+1 种基金Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering (2017-K28)the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PPZY2015B145)~~
文摘Fe-containing graphitic carbon nitride（Fe-g-C3N4） materials were synthesized via one-step pyroly-sis of FeCl3 and dicyandiamide. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized Fe-g-C3N4 sam-ples were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric, Fourier transform infrared, UV-vis diffuse reflectance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Fe cations were anchored by nitrogen-rich g-C3N4, whereas the graphitic structures of g-C3N4 were retained after the introduction of Fe. As heterogeneous catalysts, Fe-g-C3 N4 exhibited good catalytic activity in the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with H2O2, affording a maximum yield of phenol of up to 17.5%. Compared with other Fe- and V-containing g-C3N4 materials, Fe-g-C3N4 features a more convenient preparation procedure and higher catalytic productivity of phenol.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81072864the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department,No.12TD002
文摘This study aimed to detect the difference in resting cerebral activities between ischemic stroke pa- tients and healthy participants, define the abnormal site, and provide new evidence for pathological mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, prognosis prediction and efficacy evaluation of ischemic stroke. At present, the majority of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies focus on the motor dysfunc- tion and the acute stage of ischemic stroke. This study recruited 15 right-handed ischemic stroke patients at subacute stage （15 days to 11.5 weeks） and 15 age-matched healthy participants. A rest- ing-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed on each subject to detect cerebral activity. Regional homogeneity analysis was used to investigate the difference in cerebral activities between ischemic stroke patients and healthy participants. The results showed that the ischemic stroke patients had lower regional homogeneity in anterior cingulate and left cerebrum and higher regional homogeneity in cerebellum, left precuneus and left frontal lobe, compared with healthy participants. The experimental findings demonstrate that the areas in which regional homogeneity was different between ischemic stroke patients and healthy participants are in the cerebellum, left precuneus, left triangle inferior frontal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate. These locations, related to the motor, sensory and emotion areas, are likely po- tential targets for the neural regeneration of subacute ischemic stroke patients.
基金supported by PetroChina Co Ltd.(Grant number:2015D-4810-02,2018YCQ03,2021DJ52)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:42172170)
文摘The purpose of this study is to investigate the entire evolution process of shales with various total organic contents(TOC)in order to build models for quantitative evaluation of oil and gas yields and establish methods for assessing recoverable oil and gas resources from in-situ conversion of organic matters in shale.Thermal simulation experiments under in-situ conversion conditions were conducted on Chang 7_(3) shales from the Ordos Basin in a semi-open system with large capacity.The results showed that TOC and R_(o) were the key factors affecting the in-situ transformation potential of shale.The remaining oil and gas yields increased linearly with TOC but inconsistently with R_(o).R_(o) ranged 0.75%—1.25%and 1.05%—2.3%,respectively,corresponding to the main oil generation stage and gas generation stage of shale in-situ transformation.Thus a model to evaluate the remaining oil/gas yield with TOC and R_(o) was obtained.The TOC of shale suitable for in-situ conversion should be greater than 6%,whereas its R_(o) should be less than 1.0%.Shales with 0.75%(R_(o))could obtain the best economic benefit.The results provided a theoretical basis and evaluation methodology for predicting the hydrocarbon resources from in-situ conversion of shale and for the identification of the optimum“sweet spots”.The assessment of the Chang 7_(3) shale in the Ordos Basin indicated that the recoverable oil and gas resources from in-situ conversion of organic matters in shale are substantial,with oil and gas resources reaching approximately 450×10^(8) t and 30×10^(12)m^(3),respectively,from an area of 4.27×10^(4) km^(2).
基金supported by Science and Technology Support Program Project of Qingdao Public Domain[No.:2012-1-3-2-(16)-nsh]
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of miR-467 b on the atherosclerosis(AS) of rats with apolipoprotein E(ApoE) gene knockout(ApoE^(-/-)).Methods:ApoE^(-/-) rats were fed with high fat and high cholesterol diet and were randomly divided into group A,group B and group C,with10 rats in each group.Group A:rats were injected with ApoE agonist through the caudal vein;Group B:rats were injected with ApoE antagonist through the caudal vein;Group C:as negative control group.Enzyme oxidation method was used to detect the blood lipid levels of rats.Western blotting method was used to detect the aortic lipoprotein lipase(LPL) cxprcssion IcvcLs of rats.HE staining and oil rod o staining were performed to observe the AS lesions and lipid accumulation state.Results:Compared with Group C,blood lipid level,aortic intima and aortic sinus lipid accumulation area ratio,aortic sinus lesion area and LPL expression level in Group A significantly reduced:while blood lipid level,aortic intima and aortic sinus lipid accumulation area ratio,aortic sinus lesion area,and LPL expression level in Group B significantly increased,with the statistical difference(P<0.05).Conclusions:miR-467 b can alleviate the AS lesions of ApoE^(-/-) rats,and its inhibiting effect on AS may be related to LPL expression.
文摘Background: The development of auditory and speech perception ability of children with hearing loss is affected by many factors after they undergo cochlear implantation (CI). Age at CI (CI age) appears to play an important role among these factors. This study aimed to evaluate the development of auditory and speech perception ability and explore the impact of CI age on children with pre-lingual deafness present before 3 years of age. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-eight children with pre-lingual deafness (176 boys and 102 girls) were included in this study, and the CI age ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean age, 19 months). Categorical auditory performance (CAP) was assessed to evaluate auditory ability, and the speech intelligibility rating was used to evaluate speech intelligibility. The evaluations were performed before CI and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after CI. Results: The auditory ability of the pre-lingually hearing-impaired children showed the fastest development within 6 months after CI (k = 0.524, t = 30.992, P < 0.05);then, the progress started to decelerate (k = 0.14, t = 3.704, P < 0.05) and entered a plateau at the 24th month (k = 0.03, t = 1.908, P < 0.05). Speech intelligibility showed the fastest improvement between the 12th and 24th months after CI (k = 0.138, t = 5.365, P < 0.05);then, the progress started to decelerate (k = 0.026, t = 1.465, P < 0.05) and entered a plateau at the 48th month (k = 0.012, t = 1.542, P < 0.05). The CI age had no statistical significant effect on the auditory and speech abilities starting at 2 years after CI (P > 0.05). The optimal cutoff age for CI was 15 months. Conclusions: Within 5 years after CI, the auditory and speech ability of young hearing-impaired children continuously improved, although speech development lagged behind that of hearing. An earlier CI age is recommended;the optimal cutoff age for CI is at 15 months.
基金Z.Zhong,B.He,and Y-X Li acknowledge a partial financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0903200)Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(SMSEGL20SC01)J.Li acknowledges a partial financial support by a National Institutes of Health(NIH)grant P20GM103641 and a National Science Foundation EPSCoR Program OIA-1655740.
文摘Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides(RiPPs)are a class of cyclic or linear peptidic natural products with remarkable structural and functional diversity.Recent advances in genomics and synthetic biology,are facilitating us to discover a large number of new ribosomal natural products,including lanthipeptides,lasso peptides,sactipeptides,thiopeptides,microviridins,cyanobactins,linear thiazole/oxazole-containing peptides and so on.In this review,we summarize bioinformatic strategies that have been developed to identify and prioritize biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)encoding RiPPs,and the genome mining-guided discovery of novel RiPPs.We also prospectively provide a vision of what genomics-guided discovery of RiPPs may look like in the future,especially the discovery of RiPPs from dominant but uncultivated microbes,which will be promoted by the combinational use of synthetic biology and metagenome mining strategies.
基金supported by funding from the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant no.2018YFC0310600 and 2018YFC0309904)the Fundamental Research Funds of Ocean University of China(842041010)+3 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(31630012,U1706207,91851205,and 31870052)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2019JZZY010817)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tspd20181203)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(201961018).
文摘The hadal zone is the deepest point in the ocean with a depth that exceeds 6000 m. Exploration of the biological communities in hadal zone began in the 1950s (the first wave of hadal exploration) and substantial advances have been made since the turn of the twenty-first century (the second wave of hadal exploration), resulting in a focus on the hadal sphere as a research hotspot because of its unique physical and chemical conditions. A variety of prokaryotes are found in the hadal zone. The mechanisms used by these prokaryotes to manage the high hydrostatic pressures and acquire energy from the environment are of substantial interest. Moreover, the symbioses between microbes and hadal animals have barely been studied. In addition, equipment has been developed that can now mimic hadal environments in the laboratory and allow cultivation of microbes under simulated in situ pressure. This review provides a brief summary of recent progress in the mechanisms by which microbes adapt to high hydrostatic pressures, manage limited energy resources and coexist with animals in the hadal zone, as well as technical developments in the exploration of hadal microbial life.
基金financially supported by the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry (No. SKLEAC201602)
文摘A highly sensitive sensor for determination of carbamate pesticides based rhodamine B（RB） modified silver nanoparticle（RB-AgNPs） was developed.Compared with the classical method,it combined colorimetric with fluorescence for detecting carbamate pesticides in complex solutions.Carbamate pesticides can inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase（AChE）,thus preventing the generation of thiocholine.On the other hand,thioncholine can transform the yellow RB-AgNPs solutions gray color and unquenches the fluorescence of RB simultaneously.Once the activity of AChE was inhibited by the pesticide,the color of the RB-AgNPs solution remains yellow and the fluorescence of RB molecules remains quenched.Under optimized experimental conditions,carbaryl was detected in a concentration range from 0.1 ng/L to 8.0ng/L with a detection limit of 0.023 ng/L（it was detected by fluorescence spectra）.This simple method is suitable for determination of carbamate pesticides in complex samples,such as tomato,apple and river water.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31671325 and 31271339）. N.O.O. thanks the CAS-TWAS President＇s Fellowship Program for Doctoral Candidates for support.
文摘New genes are drivers of evolutionary innovation and phenotypic evolution. Expression of new genes in early development raises the possibility that new genes could originate and be recruited for functions in embryonic development, but this remains undocu- mented. Here, based on temporal gene expression at different developmental stages in Xenopus tropicolis, we found that young protein-coding genes were significantly enriched for expression in developmental stages occurring after the midblastula trans- ition （MBT）, and displayed a decreasing trend in abundance in the subsequent stages after MBT. To complement the finding, we demonstrate essential functional attributes of a young orphan gene, named as Fog2, in morphological development. Our data indicate that new genes could originate after MBT and be recruited for functions in embryonic development, and thus provide insights for better understanding of the origin, evolution, and function of new genes.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81670923）.
文摘Background： Cochlear implants （Cls） can improve speech recognition for children with severe congenital hearing loss, and open-set word recognition is an important efficacy measure. This study examined Mandarin open-set word recognition development among Chinese children with Cls and normal hearing （NH）. Methods： This study included 457 children with CIs and 131 children with NH, who completed the Mandarin lexical neighborhood test. The results for children at 1-8 years alter receiving their Cls were compared to those from the children with NH using linear regression analysis and analysis of variance. Results： Recognition of disyllabic easy words, disyllabic hard words, monosyllabic easy words, and monosyllabic hard words increased with time after CI implantation. Scores for cases with implantation before 3 years old were significantly better than those for implantation after 3 years old. There were significant differences in open-set word recognition between the CI and NH groups. For implantation before 2 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 6-7 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH, or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH. For implantation before 3 years, there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 8 9 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH, or at the age of 10 years, compared to 6-year-old children with NH. For implantation after 3 years, there was a significant difference in recognition at the age of 13 years, compared to 3-year-old children with NH. Conclusions： Mandarin open-set word recognition increased with time after CI implantation, and the age at implantation had a significant effect on long-term speech recognition. Chinese children with Cls had delayed but similar development of recognition, compared to norrnal children. Early CI implantation can shorten the gap between children with Cls and normal children.
