Sex has a significant effect on various traits among dioecious plants.In this analysis of the sex effect on the radial growth and wood density of numerous 20-yearold trees of Populus deltoides growing in a common gard...Sex has a significant effect on various traits among dioecious plants.In this analysis of the sex effect on the radial growth and wood density of numerous 20-yearold trees of Populus deltoides growing in a common garden,male trees performed better than the females in radial growth,but sex did not significantly affect wood density.Growth rate and wood density were weakly negatively correlated.Sex selection is also critical for controlling seed-hair pollution from P.deltoides plantations.However,because the juvenile period of P.deltoides lasts for years,a reliable technique to determine the sex of juveniles has been needed.Here we developed a marker-aided technique to discriminate the sexes of P.deltoides seedlings.This study provides essential information on target traits and a highly desirable genetic toolkit for accelerate breeding programs for this important tree species.展开更多
Labile sex expression is frequently observed in dioecious plants,but the underlying genetic mechanism remains largely unknown.Sex plasticity is also observed in many Populus species.Here we carried out a systematic st...Labile sex expression is frequently observed in dioecious plants,but the underlying genetic mechanism remains largely unknown.Sex plasticity is also observed in many Populus species.Here we carried out a systematic study on a maleness-promoting gene,MSL,detected in the Populus deltoides genome.Our results showed that both strands of MSL contained multiple cis-activating elements,which generated long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)promoting maleness.Although female P.deltoides did not have the male-specific MSL gene,a large number of partial sequences with high sequence similarity to this gene were detected in the female poplar genome.Based on sequence alignment,the MSL sequence could be divided into three partial sequences,and heterologous expression of these partial sequences in Arabidopsis confirmed that they could promote maleness.Since activation of the MSL sequences can only result in female sex lability,we propose that MSL-lncRNAs might play a role in causing sex lability of female poplars.展开更多
Salix suchowensis is an early-flowering shrub willow that provides a desirable system for studies on the basic biology of woody plants.The current reference genome of S.suchowensis was assembled with 454 sequencing re...Salix suchowensis is an early-flowering shrub willow that provides a desirable system for studies on the basic biology of woody plants.The current reference genome of S.suchowensis was assembled with 454 sequencing reads.Here,we report a chromosome-scale assembly of S.suchowensis generated by combining PacBio sequencing with Hi-C technologies.The obtained genome assemblies covered a total length of 356 Mb.The contig N50 of these assemblies was 263,908 bp,which was~65-fold higher than that reported previously.The contiguity and completeness of the genome were significantly improved.By applying Hi-C data,339.67 Mb(95.29%)of the assembled sequences were allocated to the 19 chromosomes of haploid willow.With the chromosome-scale assembly,we revealed a series of major chromosomal fissions and fusions that explain the genome divergence between the sister genera of Salix and Populus.The more complete and accurate willow reference genome obtained in this study provides a fundamental resource for studying many genetic and genomic characteristics of woody plants.展开更多
Eukaryotic aquaporins share the characteristic of functional multiplicity in transporting distinct substrates and regulating various processes,but the underlying molecular basis for this is largely unknown.Here,we rep...Eukaryotic aquaporins share the characteristic of functional multiplicity in transporting distinct substrates and regulating various processes,but the underlying molecular basis for this is largely unknown.Here,we report that the wheat(Triticum aestivum)aquaporin TaPIP2;10 undergoes phosphorylation to promote photosynthesis and productivity and to confer innate immunity against pathogens and a generalist aphid pest.In response to elevated atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at the serine residue S280 and thereafter transports CO_(2)into wheat cells,resulting in enhanced photosynthesis and increased grain yield.In response to apoplastic H_(2)O_(2) induced by pathogen or insect attacks,TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at S121 and this phosphorylated form transports H_(2)O_(2) into the cytoplasm,where H_(2)O_(2)intensifies host defenses,restricting further attacks.Wheat resistance and grain yield could be simultaneously increased by TaPIP2;10 overexpression or by expressing a TaPIP2;10 phosphomimic with aspartic acid substitutions at S121 and S280,thereby improving both crop productivity and immunity.展开更多
Metformin,a safe and inexpensive drug widely used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetics,is the most popular anti-diabetic drug in the United States with more than 42 million prescriptions in 2009.It was developed...Metformin,a safe and inexpensive drug widely used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetics,is the most popular anti-diabetic drug in the United States with more than 42 million prescriptions in 2009.It was developed from the French lilac plant(Galega officinalis)in the 1950s and was approved by the FDA in the mid-1990s as Glucophage.It is also increasingly being used in the treatment of various diseases not directly related to diabetes,such as polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS),non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),premature puberty[1],and cardiovascular diseases[2].Recently,metformin has been attracting much attention as a potential anti-cancer agent to act across a broad spectrum of cancers[3].展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2021YFD2200202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071795)the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province,China (BE2021366)。
文摘Sex has a significant effect on various traits among dioecious plants.In this analysis of the sex effect on the radial growth and wood density of numerous 20-yearold trees of Populus deltoides growing in a common garden,male trees performed better than the females in radial growth,but sex did not significantly affect wood density.Growth rate and wood density were weakly negatively correlated.Sex selection is also critical for controlling seed-hair pollution from P.deltoides plantations.However,because the juvenile period of P.deltoides lasts for years,a reliable technique to determine the sex of juveniles has been needed.Here we developed a marker-aided technique to discriminate the sexes of P.deltoides seedlings.This study provides essential information on target traits and a highly desirable genetic toolkit for accelerate breeding programs for this important tree species.
基金The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFD2200202)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32071795)the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2021366).
文摘Labile sex expression is frequently observed in dioecious plants,but the underlying genetic mechanism remains largely unknown.Sex plasticity is also observed in many Populus species.Here we carried out a systematic study on a maleness-promoting gene,MSL,detected in the Populus deltoides genome.Our results showed that both strands of MSL contained multiple cis-activating elements,which generated long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)promoting maleness.Although female P.deltoides did not have the male-specific MSL gene,a large number of partial sequences with high sequence similarity to this gene were detected in the female poplar genome.Based on sequence alignment,the MSL sequence could be divided into three partial sequences,and heterologous expression of these partial sequences in Arabidopsis confirmed that they could promote maleness.Since activation of the MSL sequences can only result in female sex lability,we propose that MSL-lncRNAs might play a role in causing sex lability of female poplars.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFD0600101)supported by the PAPD(Priority Academic Program Development)program at Nanjing Forestry University.
文摘Salix suchowensis is an early-flowering shrub willow that provides a desirable system for studies on the basic biology of woody plants.The current reference genome of S.suchowensis was assembled with 454 sequencing reads.Here,we report a chromosome-scale assembly of S.suchowensis generated by combining PacBio sequencing with Hi-C technologies.The obtained genome assemblies covered a total length of 356 Mb.The contig N50 of these assemblies was 263,908 bp,which was~65-fold higher than that reported previously.The contiguity and completeness of the genome were significantly improved.By applying Hi-C data,339.67 Mb(95.29%)of the assembled sequences were allocated to the 19 chromosomes of haploid willow.With the chromosome-scale assembly,we revealed a series of major chromosomal fissions and fusions that explain the genome divergence between the sister genera of Salix and Populus.The more complete and accurate willow reference genome obtained in this study provides a fundamental resource for studying many genetic and genomic characteristics of woody plants.
基金This work was partly supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation--Outstanding Youth Foundation of China （grant no. 31322008） and the National Basic Research Program of China （grant no. 2014CB542300） to Z.H.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(grants numbers31772247,32072399,and 32170202)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(grants ZR2020MC113,ZR2020MC120,and ZR2020QC126).
文摘Eukaryotic aquaporins share the characteristic of functional multiplicity in transporting distinct substrates and regulating various processes,but the underlying molecular basis for this is largely unknown.Here,we report that the wheat(Triticum aestivum)aquaporin TaPIP2;10 undergoes phosphorylation to promote photosynthesis and productivity and to confer innate immunity against pathogens and a generalist aphid pest.In response to elevated atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at the serine residue S280 and thereafter transports CO_(2)into wheat cells,resulting in enhanced photosynthesis and increased grain yield.In response to apoplastic H_(2)O_(2) induced by pathogen or insect attacks,TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at S121 and this phosphorylated form transports H_(2)O_(2) into the cytoplasm,where H_(2)O_(2)intensifies host defenses,restricting further attacks.Wheat resistance and grain yield could be simultaneously increased by TaPIP2;10 overexpression or by expressing a TaPIP2;10 phosphomimic with aspartic acid substitutions at S121 and S280,thereby improving both crop productivity and immunity.
文摘Metformin,a safe and inexpensive drug widely used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetics,is the most popular anti-diabetic drug in the United States with more than 42 million prescriptions in 2009.It was developed from the French lilac plant(Galega officinalis)in the 1950s and was approved by the FDA in the mid-1990s as Glucophage.It is also increasingly being used in the treatment of various diseases not directly related to diabetes,such as polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS),non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),premature puberty[1],and cardiovascular diseases[2].Recently,metformin has been attracting much attention as a potential anti-cancer agent to act across a broad spectrum of cancers[3].
