Chaperone-mediated autophagy is one of three types of autophagy and is characterized by the selective degradation of proteins.Chaperone-mediated autophagy contributes to energy balance and helps maintain cellular home...Chaperone-mediated autophagy is one of three types of autophagy and is characterized by the selective degradation of proteins.Chaperone-mediated autophagy contributes to energy balance and helps maintain cellular homeostasis,while providing nutrients and support for cell survival.Chaperone-mediated autophagy activity can be detected in almost all cells,including neurons.Owing to the extreme sensitivity of neurons to their environmental changes,maintaining neuronal homeostasis is critical for neuronal growth and survival.Chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction is closely related to central nervous system diseases.It has been shown that neuronal damage and cell death are accompanied by chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction.Under certain conditions,regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy activity attenuates neurotoxicity.In this paper,we review the changes in chaperone-mediated autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases,brain injury,glioma,and autoimmune diseases.We also summarize the most recent research progress on chaperone-mediated autophagy regulation and discuss the potential of chaperone-mediated autophagy as a therapeutic target for central nervous system diseases.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease poses a significant global health challenge owing to the progressive cognitive decline of patients and absence of curative treatments.The current therapeutic strategies,primarily based on choli...Alzheimer's disease poses a significant global health challenge owing to the progressive cognitive decline of patients and absence of curative treatments.The current therapeutic strategies,primarily based on cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-Daspartate receptor antagonists,offer limited symptomatic relief without halting disease progression,highlighting an urgent need for novel research directions that address the key mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease.Recent studies have provided insights into the critical role of glycolysis,a fundamental energy metabolism pathway in the brain,in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Alterations in glycolytic processes within neurons and glial cells,including microglia,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes,have been identified as significant contributors to the pathological landscape of Alzheimer's disease.Glycolytic changes impact neuronal health and function,thus offering promising targets for therapeutic intervention.The purpose of this review is to consolidate current knowledge on the modifications in glycolysis associated with Alzheimer's disease and explore the mechanisms by which these abnormalities contribute to disease onset and progression.Comprehensive focus on the pathways through which glycolytic dysfunction influences Alzheimer's disease pathology should provide insights into potential therapeutic targets and strategies that pave the way for groundbreaking treatments,emphasizing the importance of understanding metabolic processes in the quest for clarification and management of Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Despite dedicated effort for many decades,statistical description of highly technologically important wall turbulence remains a great challenge.Current models are unfortunately incomplete,or empirical,or qualitative.A...Despite dedicated effort for many decades,statistical description of highly technologically important wall turbulence remains a great challenge.Current models are unfortunately incomplete,or empirical,or qualitative.After a review of the existing theories of wall turbulence,we present a new framework,called the structure ensemble dynamics （SED）,which aims at integrating the turbulence dynamics into a quantitative description of the mean flow.The SED theory naturally evolves from a statistical physics understanding of non-equilibrium open systems,such as fluid turbulence, for which mean quantities are intimately coupled with the fluctuation dynamics.Starting from the ensemble-averaged Navier-Stokes（EANS） equations,the theory postulates the existence of a finite number of statistical states yielding a multi-layer picture for wall turbulence.Then,it uses order functions（ratios of terms in the mean momentum as well as energy equations） to characterize the states and transitions between states.Application of the SED analysis to an incompressible channel flow and a compressible turbulent boundary layer shows that the order functions successfully reveal the multi-layer structure for wall-bounded turbulence, which arises as a quantitative extension of the traditional view in terms of sub-layer,buffer layer,log layer and wake. Furthermore,an idea of using a set of hyperbolic functions for modeling transitions between layers is proposed for a quantitative model of order functions across the entire flow domain.We conclude that the SED provides a theoretical framework for expressing the yet-unknown effects of fluctuation structures on the mean quantities,and offers new methods to analyze experimental and simulation data.Combined with asymptotic analysis,it also offers a way to evaluate convergence of simulations.The SED approach successfully describes the dynamics at both momentum and energy levels, in contrast with all prevalent approaches describing the mean velocity profile only.Moreover,the SED theoretical framework is general,independent of the flow system to study, while the actual functional form of the order functions may vary from flow to flow.We assert that as the knowledge of order functions is accumulated and as more flows are analyzed, new principles（such as hierarchy,symmetry,group invariance,etc.） governing the role of turbulent structures in the mean flow properties will be clarified and a viable theory of turbulence might emerge.展开更多
In this study,a waveform modification method was proposed using a self-designed heating device combined with the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)technique for determination of dynamic behaviors of rock at high tempe...In this study,a waveform modification method was proposed using a self-designed heating device combined with the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)technique for determination of dynamic behaviors of rock at high temperature.Firstly,the temperature gradient distribution on the incident bar was measured according to the variation of elastic modulus of the bar with temperature,and the relationship between the longitudinal wave velocity and temperature of the bar was obtained based on onedimensional stress wave theory.The incident bar with a temperature gradient was divided into a series of microelements,and then the transmission coefficient of the whole incident bar was obtained.Finally,the stress wave was modified by the transmission coefficient from 25℃ to 600℃.This method was used to study the dynamic properties of rock at high temperature,which not only preserves a classical SHPB device,but also effectively ensures the accuracy of the experimental results.A dynamic Brazilian disc experiment was carried out to explore the influences of loading rate and temperature on dynamic tensile strength of sandstone at high temperature using the proposed waveform modification method.展开更多
Roasting is a common manufacture technology for processing various teas.It is not only used in decreasing the water content of finished tea,but also improving the flavor of teas.In the present study,the roasted and no...Roasting is a common manufacture technology for processing various teas.It is not only used in decreasing the water content of finished tea,but also improving the flavor of teas.In the present study,the roasted and non-roasted teas were compared by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry and sensory evaluation.The roasted tea tasted less bitter and astringent.The content of main galloylated and simple catechins,caffeine and theobromine in roasted were significantly lower than non-roasted teas.Targeted taste-compounds metabolomics revealed that(-)-epigallocatechin gallate,kaempferol-glucose-rhamnose-glucose and(-)-epicatechin gallate were main contributors tightly correlated to astringent intensity.Flavonol glycosides including kaempferol-glucose,quercetin-glucose,kaempferol-glucose-rhamnose-glucose,and quercetin-glucose-rhamnose-glucose in roasted teas were also significantly less than non-roasted teas.To study the chemical changes during roasting,tea with a strong astringency was roasted under 80,100,120,140,and 160°C.With the increase of roasting temperature,the bitter and astringent intensity of tea was gradually decreased,but the main astringent compounds including(-)-epigallocatechin,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate and kaempferol/quercetin glycosides were irregularly varied with temperature.The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis suggested procyanidin B2,coumaroylquinic acids and gallotannins were tightly correlated to the astringent and bitter perceptions,while N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidonesubstituted flavan-3-ols were negatively correlated.展开更多
To investigate the influence of loading rate and high temperature on the dynamic fracture toughness of rock,dynamic fracture tests were carried out on notched semi-circular bend specimens under four temperature condit...To investigate the influence of loading rate and high temperature on the dynamic fracture toughness of rock,dynamic fracture tests were carried out on notched semi-circular bend specimens under four temperature conditions based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar system.Experimental and analytical methods were applied to investigating the effect of temperature gradient on the stress waves.A high-speed camera was used to check the fracture characteristics of the specimens.The results demonstrate that the temperature gradient on the bars will not significantly distort the shape of the stress wave.The dynamic force balance is achieved even when the specimens are at a temperature of 400°C.The dynamic fracture toughness linearly develops with the increase of loading rate within the temperature range of 25-400°C,and high temperature has a strengthening effect on the dynamic fracture toughness.展开更多
Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors based on wide band gap semiconductor have attracted much attention for their small volume, low working voltage, long lifetime, good chemical and thermal stability. Up to now, many resear...Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors based on wide band gap semiconductor have attracted much attention for their small volume, low working voltage, long lifetime, good chemical and thermal stability. Up to now, many researches have been done on the semiconductors based UV detectors and some kinds of detectors have been made, such as metal–semiconductor–metal(MSM), Schottky, and PIN-type detectors. However, the sensitivity values of those detectors are still far from the expectation. Recent years, surface plasmon(SP) has been considered to be an effective way to enhance the sensitivity of semiconductor based UV photodetector. When the light is matched with the resonance frequency of surface plasmon, the localized field enhancement or scattering effect will happen and thus the spectral response will be enhanced.Here, we present an overview of surface plasmon enhancing the performance of UV detectors, including the GaN, ZnO,and other wide band gap semiconductor UV detectors. Both fundamental and experimental achievements are contained in this review.展开更多
Larger-leaf yellow tea(LYT)is a characteristic type of Chinese tea produced in Huoshan County,Anhui Province,which is made by mature leaves with stems.According to recent report,LYT showed competitive effects in anti-...Larger-leaf yellow tea(LYT)is a characteristic type of Chinese tea produced in Huoshan County,Anhui Province,which is made by mature leaves with stems.According to recent report,LYT showed competitive effects in anti-hyperglycemia in comparison to other teas such as green or black tea.However,the bioactive compounds of LYT are still undiscovered so far.For this purpose,5 fractions of LYT were prepared by sequential extraction.The in vitro bioassay results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of LYT had the strongest inhibitory effects onα-glucosidase andα-amylase.Fluorescence-quenching analysis and proteinbinding test revealed that the compounds of ethyl acetate fraction could inhibitα-glucosidase andα-amylase activities through binding to enzymes or other mechanisms.All chromatographic peaks of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)of ethyl acetate fraction were separated and collected.The purified compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently screened by calculating their inhibition ratio onα-glucosidase at the real concentration in LYT infusion.The results showed that(-)-epigallocatechin gallate,(-)-gallocatechin gallate,caffeine,N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone-substituted flavan-3-ols were effective inhibitors forα-glucosidase.展开更多
Background The incidence and mortality rates of digestive tract tumors are among the top ten worldwide.Notably,studies have shown that zinc may be significantly related to digestive tract tumors.This meta analysis was...Background The incidence and mortality rates of digestive tract tumors are among the top ten worldwide.Notably,studies have shown that zinc may be significantly related to digestive tract tumors.This meta analysis was conducted to explore whether the serum zinc level of patients is associated with gastrointestinal cancer.Methods We systematically searched PUBMED,the Cochrane Library,the Web of Science and EMBASE from their start dates up to October 2022 for studies on the association between the serum zinc concentration and digestive tract tumors.The I^(2)statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity.A sensitivity analysis,subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were also used to analyze heterogeneity.Moreover,Begg’s and Egger’s tests were adopted to assess potential publication bias.Results In total,we identified 24 eligible studies with 1,499 total participants with digestive tract tumors and 6,039 participants without tumors.The average serum zinc concentration in patients with digestive tract tumors was lower than that in the control group(SMD=-0.98,95%CI:-1.29~-0.66,I^(2):94.1%,P<0.001).Specifically,the serum zinc concentration of patients with esophageal cancer(SMD=-2.08,95%CI:-2.89~-1.26,I^(2):92.9%,P<0.001),gastric cancer(SMD=-0.74,95%CI:-1.16~-0.33,I^(2):92.1%,P<0.001),and colorectal cancer(SMD=-0.85,95%CI:-1.51~-0.19,I^(2):95.9%P<0.05)were significantly different from the controls.Conclusion Our review showed that the serum zinc concentration in patients with digestive tract tumors was lower than that in patients without tumors,and further studies are needed to explore how zinc affects the occurrence and development of digestive tract tumors.展开更多
Background:Female breast and five gynecological cancers remain substantial burden in China and worldwide.GLOBOCAN 2022 has recently updated the estimates of cancer burden.This study aims to depict the profiles of dise...Background:Female breast and five gynecological cancers remain substantial burden in China and worldwide.GLOBOCAN 2022 has recently updated the estimates of cancer burden.This study aims to depict the profiles of disease burden and to compare the age-specific rates of female breast and five gynecological cancers in China with those in other countries.Methods:The latest estimates of incidence and mortality of female breast and five gynecological cancers from various regions and countries were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database.We compared the proportion of total cases or deaths for cancers affecting female breast and five gynecological cancers and other tumor types in China and globally.Correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)or age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)and the Human Development Index(HDI).Additionally,age-specific rate curves were plotted for ten exemplary countries with different income levels.Results:Female breast and five gynecological cancers in China accounted for 30.2%of all newly diagnosed cancer cases.Breast cancer and cervical cancer are the most commonly diagnosed,with nearly 507,000 new cases,representing 23.48%of the new cases.The incidence rates of breast,uterine corpus,ovarian,and vulvar cancers were positively associated with HDI tiers.Chinese women aged 50-54 years are experiencing high incidence rates of breast,cervix uteri,corpus uteri,and ovarian cancers.Conclusions:Female breast and five gynecological cancers continue to be a significant health concern for women in China and worldwide.It is crucial to implement comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to address the increasing trend among younger individuals and reduce regional disparities.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,Nos.81871603(to XZ)and 82171322(to ZF)Discipline Boost Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University,No.XJZT21J08(to XZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China,No.2022KJXX-102(to ZF)。
文摘Chaperone-mediated autophagy is one of three types of autophagy and is characterized by the selective degradation of proteins.Chaperone-mediated autophagy contributes to energy balance and helps maintain cellular homeostasis,while providing nutrients and support for cell survival.Chaperone-mediated autophagy activity can be detected in almost all cells,including neurons.Owing to the extreme sensitivity of neurons to their environmental changes,maintaining neuronal homeostasis is critical for neuronal growth and survival.Chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction is closely related to central nervous system diseases.It has been shown that neuronal damage and cell death are accompanied by chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction.Under certain conditions,regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy activity attenuates neurotoxicity.In this paper,we review the changes in chaperone-mediated autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases,brain injury,glioma,and autoimmune diseases.We also summarize the most recent research progress on chaperone-mediated autophagy regulation and discuss the potential of chaperone-mediated autophagy as a therapeutic target for central nervous system diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82271214(to ZY)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China,No.2022CFB109(to ZY)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease poses a significant global health challenge owing to the progressive cognitive decline of patients and absence of curative treatments.The current therapeutic strategies,primarily based on cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-Daspartate receptor antagonists,offer limited symptomatic relief without halting disease progression,highlighting an urgent need for novel research directions that address the key mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease.Recent studies have provided insights into the critical role of glycolysis,a fundamental energy metabolism pathway in the brain,in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Alterations in glycolytic processes within neurons and glial cells,including microglia,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes,have been identified as significant contributors to the pathological landscape of Alzheimer's disease.Glycolytic changes impact neuronal health and function,thus offering promising targets for therapeutic intervention.The purpose of this review is to consolidate current knowledge on the modifications in glycolysis associated with Alzheimer's disease and explore the mechanisms by which these abnormalities contribute to disease onset and progression.Comprehensive focus on the pathways through which glycolytic dysfunction influences Alzheimer's disease pathology should provide insights into potential therapeutic targets and strategies that pave the way for groundbreaking treatments,emphasizing the importance of understanding metabolic processes in the quest for clarification and management of Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(90716008)the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB724100).
文摘Despite dedicated effort for many decades,statistical description of highly technologically important wall turbulence remains a great challenge.Current models are unfortunately incomplete,or empirical,or qualitative.After a review of the existing theories of wall turbulence,we present a new framework,called the structure ensemble dynamics （SED）,which aims at integrating the turbulence dynamics into a quantitative description of the mean flow.The SED theory naturally evolves from a statistical physics understanding of non-equilibrium open systems,such as fluid turbulence, for which mean quantities are intimately coupled with the fluctuation dynamics.Starting from the ensemble-averaged Navier-Stokes（EANS） equations,the theory postulates the existence of a finite number of statistical states yielding a multi-layer picture for wall turbulence.Then,it uses order functions（ratios of terms in the mean momentum as well as energy equations） to characterize the states and transitions between states.Application of the SED analysis to an incompressible channel flow and a compressible turbulent boundary layer shows that the order functions successfully reveal the multi-layer structure for wall-bounded turbulence, which arises as a quantitative extension of the traditional view in terms of sub-layer,buffer layer,log layer and wake. Furthermore,an idea of using a set of hyperbolic functions for modeling transitions between layers is proposed for a quantitative model of order functions across the entire flow domain.We conclude that the SED provides a theoretical framework for expressing the yet-unknown effects of fluctuation structures on the mean quantities,and offers new methods to analyze experimental and simulation data.Combined with asymptotic analysis,it also offers a way to evaluate convergence of simulations.The SED approach successfully describes the dynamics at both momentum and energy levels, in contrast with all prevalent approaches describing the mean velocity profile only.Moreover,the SED theoretical framework is general,independent of the flow system to study, while the actual functional form of the order functions may vary from flow to flow.We assert that as the knowledge of order functions is accumulated and as more flows are analyzed, new principles（such as hierarchy,symmetry,group invariance,etc.） governing the role of turbulent structures in the mean flow properties will be clarified and a viable theory of turbulence might emerge.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41972283 and 51774325)。
文摘In this study,a waveform modification method was proposed using a self-designed heating device combined with the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)technique for determination of dynamic behaviors of rock at high temperature.Firstly,the temperature gradient distribution on the incident bar was measured according to the variation of elastic modulus of the bar with temperature,and the relationship between the longitudinal wave velocity and temperature of the bar was obtained based on onedimensional stress wave theory.The incident bar with a temperature gradient was divided into a series of microelements,and then the transmission coefficient of the whole incident bar was obtained.Finally,the stress wave was modified by the transmission coefficient from 25℃ to 600℃.This method was used to study the dynamic properties of rock at high temperature,which not only preserves a classical SHPB device,but also effectively ensures the accuracy of the experimental results.A dynamic Brazilian disc experiment was carried out to explore the influences of loading rate and temperature on dynamic tensile strength of sandstone at high temperature using the proposed waveform modification method.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(32072633,32072634,31201335)earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-19)+1 种基金Anhui Key research and development plan(1804b06020367,202004b11020004)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by National CAST(2016QNRC001)。
文摘Roasting is a common manufacture technology for processing various teas.It is not only used in decreasing the water content of finished tea,but also improving the flavor of teas.In the present study,the roasted and non-roasted teas were compared by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry and sensory evaluation.The roasted tea tasted less bitter and astringent.The content of main galloylated and simple catechins,caffeine and theobromine in roasted were significantly lower than non-roasted teas.Targeted taste-compounds metabolomics revealed that(-)-epigallocatechin gallate,kaempferol-glucose-rhamnose-glucose and(-)-epicatechin gallate were main contributors tightly correlated to astringent intensity.Flavonol glycosides including kaempferol-glucose,quercetin-glucose,kaempferol-glucose-rhamnose-glucose,and quercetin-glucose-rhamnose-glucose in roasted teas were also significantly less than non-roasted teas.To study the chemical changes during roasting,tea with a strong astringency was roasted under 80,100,120,140,and 160°C.With the increase of roasting temperature,the bitter and astringent intensity of tea was gradually decreased,but the main astringent compounds including(-)-epigallocatechin,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate and kaempferol/quercetin glycosides were irregularly varied with temperature.The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis suggested procyanidin B2,coumaroylquinic acids and gallotannins were tightly correlated to the astringent and bitter perceptions,while N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidonesubstituted flavan-3-ols were negatively correlated.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41972283)。
文摘To investigate the influence of loading rate and high temperature on the dynamic fracture toughness of rock,dynamic fracture tests were carried out on notched semi-circular bend specimens under four temperature conditions based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar system.Experimental and analytical methods were applied to investigating the effect of temperature gradient on the stress waves.A high-speed camera was used to check the fracture characteristics of the specimens.The results demonstrate that the temperature gradient on the bars will not significantly distort the shape of the stress wave.The dynamic force balance is achieved even when the specimens are at a temperature of 400°C.The dynamic fracture toughness linearly develops with the increase of loading rate within the temperature range of 25-400°C,and high temperature has a strengthening effect on the dynamic fracture toughness.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0400904)the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(Grant No.61725403)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61574142,61322406,61704171,and 11705206)the Key Program of International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.181722KYSB20160015)the Special Project for Inter-government Collaboration of State Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.2016YFE0118400)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Jilin Provincial Science&Technology Department,China(Grant No.20180201026GX)the Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2015171)
文摘Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors based on wide band gap semiconductor have attracted much attention for their small volume, low working voltage, long lifetime, good chemical and thermal stability. Up to now, many researches have been done on the semiconductors based UV detectors and some kinds of detectors have been made, such as metal–semiconductor–metal(MSM), Schottky, and PIN-type detectors. However, the sensitivity values of those detectors are still far from the expectation. Recent years, surface plasmon(SP) has been considered to be an effective way to enhance the sensitivity of semiconductor based UV photodetector. When the light is matched with the resonance frequency of surface plasmon, the localized field enhancement or scattering effect will happen and thus the spectral response will be enhanced.Here, we present an overview of surface plasmon enhancing the performance of UV detectors, including the GaN, ZnO,and other wide band gap semiconductor UV detectors. Both fundamental and experimental achievements are contained in this review.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(32072633,32072634,31201335)earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-19)+1 种基金Anhui Key research and development plan(1804b06020367,202004b11020004)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by National CAST(2016QNRC001)。
文摘Larger-leaf yellow tea(LYT)is a characteristic type of Chinese tea produced in Huoshan County,Anhui Province,which is made by mature leaves with stems.According to recent report,LYT showed competitive effects in anti-hyperglycemia in comparison to other teas such as green or black tea.However,the bioactive compounds of LYT are still undiscovered so far.For this purpose,5 fractions of LYT were prepared by sequential extraction.The in vitro bioassay results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of LYT had the strongest inhibitory effects onα-glucosidase andα-amylase.Fluorescence-quenching analysis and proteinbinding test revealed that the compounds of ethyl acetate fraction could inhibitα-glucosidase andα-amylase activities through binding to enzymes or other mechanisms.All chromatographic peaks of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)of ethyl acetate fraction were separated and collected.The purified compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently screened by calculating their inhibition ratio onα-glucosidase at the real concentration in LYT infusion.The results showed that(-)-epigallocatechin gallate,(-)-gallocatechin gallate,caffeine,N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone-substituted flavan-3-ols were effective inhibitors forα-glucosidase.
基金funded by the Science Foundation of The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University(No.15086).
文摘Background The incidence and mortality rates of digestive tract tumors are among the top ten worldwide.Notably,studies have shown that zinc may be significantly related to digestive tract tumors.This meta analysis was conducted to explore whether the serum zinc level of patients is associated with gastrointestinal cancer.Methods We systematically searched PUBMED,the Cochrane Library,the Web of Science and EMBASE from their start dates up to October 2022 for studies on the association between the serum zinc concentration and digestive tract tumors.The I^(2)statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity.A sensitivity analysis,subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were also used to analyze heterogeneity.Moreover,Begg’s and Egger’s tests were adopted to assess potential publication bias.Results In total,we identified 24 eligible studies with 1,499 total participants with digestive tract tumors and 6,039 participants without tumors.The average serum zinc concentration in patients with digestive tract tumors was lower than that in the control group(SMD=-0.98,95%CI:-1.29~-0.66,I^(2):94.1%,P<0.001).Specifically,the serum zinc concentration of patients with esophageal cancer(SMD=-2.08,95%CI:-2.89~-1.26,I^(2):92.9%,P<0.001),gastric cancer(SMD=-0.74,95%CI:-1.16~-0.33,I^(2):92.1%,P<0.001),and colorectal cancer(SMD=-0.85,95%CI:-1.51~-0.19,I^(2):95.9%P<0.05)were significantly different from the controls.Conclusion Our review showed that the serum zinc concentration in patients with digestive tract tumors was lower than that in patients without tumors,and further studies are needed to explore how zinc affects the occurrence and development of digestive tract tumors.
基金supported by the special research fund for central universities,Peking Union Medical College(No.3332023025)
文摘Background:Female breast and five gynecological cancers remain substantial burden in China and worldwide.GLOBOCAN 2022 has recently updated the estimates of cancer burden.This study aims to depict the profiles of disease burden and to compare the age-specific rates of female breast and five gynecological cancers in China with those in other countries.Methods:The latest estimates of incidence and mortality of female breast and five gynecological cancers from various regions and countries were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database.We compared the proportion of total cases or deaths for cancers affecting female breast and five gynecological cancers and other tumor types in China and globally.Correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)or age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)and the Human Development Index(HDI).Additionally,age-specific rate curves were plotted for ten exemplary countries with different income levels.Results:Female breast and five gynecological cancers in China accounted for 30.2%of all newly diagnosed cancer cases.Breast cancer and cervical cancer are the most commonly diagnosed,with nearly 507,000 new cases,representing 23.48%of the new cases.The incidence rates of breast,uterine corpus,ovarian,and vulvar cancers were positively associated with HDI tiers.Chinese women aged 50-54 years are experiencing high incidence rates of breast,cervix uteri,corpus uteri,and ovarian cancers.Conclusions:Female breast and five gynecological cancers continue to be a significant health concern for women in China and worldwide.It is crucial to implement comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to address the increasing trend among younger individuals and reduce regional disparities.
