The meso-dynamical behaviour of a high-speed rail ballast bed with under sleeper pads(USPs)was studied.The geometrically irregular refined discrete element model of the ballast particles was constructed using 3D scann...The meso-dynamical behaviour of a high-speed rail ballast bed with under sleeper pads(USPs)was studied.The geometrically irregular refined discrete element model of the ballast particles was constructed using 3D scanning techniques,and the 3D dynamic model of the rail-sleeper-ballast bed was constructed using the coupled discrete element method-multiflexible-body dynamics(DEM-MFBD)approach.We analyse the meso-mechanical dynamics of the ballast bed with USPs under dynamic load on a train and verify the correctness of the model in laboratory tests.It is shown that the deformation of the USPs increases the contact area between the sleeper and the ballast particles,and subsequently the number of contacts between them.As the depth of the granular ballast bed increases,the contact area becomes larger,and the contact force between the ballast particles gradually decreases.Under the action of the elastic USPs,the contact forces between ballast particles are reduced and the overall vibration level of the ballast bed can be reduced.The settlement of the granular ballast bed occurs mainly at the shallow position of the sleeper bottom,and the installation of the elastic USPs can be effective in reducing the stress on the ballast particles and the settlement of the ballast bed.展开更多
Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.As potent anti-i...Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.As potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet known.In the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of action.In vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial polarization.Lipopolysaccharide,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were administered.RNA-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of dexamethasone.The Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our hypothesis.High-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain injury.Thus dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in vivo.Glucocorticoid receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain injury.Additionally,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is the GR/JAK1/STAT3 pathway.Overactivation of glucocorticoid receptor by high-dose dexamethasone reduced the expression of M2 microglia,which plays an antiinflammatory role.In contrast,inhibiting the activation of glucocorticoid receptor reduced the number of apoptotic glia and neurons and decreased the loss of dendritic spines after traumatic brain injury.Dexamethasone may exe rt its neurotoxic effects by inhibiting M2 microglia through the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.展开更多
The earth-abundant and high-performance catalysts are crucial for commercial implementation of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Herein,a multifunctional site strategy to construct excellent HER catalysts by incorporat...The earth-abundant and high-performance catalysts are crucial for commercial implementation of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Herein,a multifunctional site strategy to construct excellent HER catalysts by incorporating iridium(Ir)ions on the atomic scale into orthorhombic-CoSe2(Ir-CoSe_(2))was reported.Outstanding hydrogen evolution activity in alkaline media such as a low overpotential of 48.7 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and better performance than commercial Pt/C catalysts at high current densities were found in the Ir-CoSe_(2) samples.In the experiments and theoretical calculations,it was revealed that Ir enabled CoSe_(2)to form multifunctional sites to synergistically catalyze alkaline HER by promoting the adsorption and dissociation of H_(2)O(Ir sites)and optimizing the binding energy for H^(*)on Co sites.It was noticeable that the electrolytic system comprising the Ir-CoSe_(2)electrode not only produced hydrogen efficiently via HER,but also degraded organic pollutants(Methylene blue).The cell voltage of the dual-function electrolytic system was 1.58 V at the benchmark current density of 50 mA cm^(-2),which was significantly lower than the conventional water splitting voltage.It was indicated that this method was a novel strategy for designing advanced HER electrocatalysts by constructing multifunctional catalytic sites for hydrogen production and organic degradation.展开更多
To enable the detection and modulation of modularized neural networks in vitro,this study proposes a microfluidic microelectrode array chip for the cultivation,compartmentalization,and control of neural cells.The chip...To enable the detection and modulation of modularized neural networks in vitro,this study proposes a microfluidic microelectrode array chip for the cultivation,compartmentalization,and control of neural cells.The chip was designed based on the specific structure of neurons and the requirements for detection and modulation.Finite-element analysis of the chip’s flow field was conducted using the COMSOL Multiphysics software,and the simulation results show that the liquid within the chip can flow smoothly,ensuring stable flow fields that facilitate the uniform growth of neurons within the microfluidic channels.By employing MEMS technology in combination with nanomaterial modification techniques,the microfluidic microelectrode array chip was fabricated successfully.Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured on the chip,forming a well-defined neural network.Spontaneous electrical activity of the detected neurons was recorded,exhibiting a 23.7%increase in amplitude compared to neuronal discharges detected on an open-field microelectrode array.This study provides a platform for the precise detection and modulation of patterned neuronal growth in vitro,potentially serving as a novel tool in neuroscience research.展开更多
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell-regulated death.It is characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and can be distinguished from other forms of cell-regulated death by differen...Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell-regulated death.It is characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and can be distinguished from other forms of cell-regulated death by different morphology,biochemistry,and genetics.Recently,studies have shown that ferroptosis is associated with a variety of diseases,including liver,kidney and neurological diseases,as well as cancer.Ferroptosis has been shown to be associated with colorectal epithelial disorders,which can lead to cancerous changes in the gut.However,the potential role of ferroptosis in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer(CRC)is still controversial.To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis in CRC,this article systematically reviews ferroptosis,and its cellular functions in CRC,for furthering the understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC to aid clinical treatment.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC),the third most common type of cancer worldwide,threaten human health and quality of life.With multidisciplinary,including surgery,chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy,patients with an early diagnosi...Colorectal cancer(CRC),the third most common type of cancer worldwide,threaten human health and quality of life.With multidisciplinary,including surgery,chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy,patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis.However,metastasis in CRC patients is the main risk factor causing cancer-related death.To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC metastasis is the difficult and research focus on the investigation of the CRC mechanism.On the other hand,the tumor microenvironment(TME)has been confirmed as having an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignancies,including CRCs.Among the different factors in the TME,exosomes as extracellular vesicles,function as bridges in the communication between cancer cells and different components of the TME to promote the progression and metastasis of CRC.MicroRNAs packaged in exosomes can be derived from different sources and transported into the TME to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressor roles accordingly.This article focuses on CRC exosomes and illustrates their role in regulating the metastasis of CRC,especially through the packaging of miRNAs,to evoke exosomes as novel biomarkers for their impact on the metastasis of CRC progression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Immune cells play an important role in regulating the behavior of tumor cells.According to emerging evidence,six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4(STEAP4)performs a crucial part in tumor mi...BACKGROUND Immune cells play an important role in regulating the behavior of tumor cells.According to emerging evidence,six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4(STEAP4)performs a crucial part in tumor microenvironmental immune response and tumorigenesis,and serves as the potential target for cellular and antibody immunotherapy.However,the immunotherapeutic role of STEAP4 in gastric cancer(GC)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the expression of STEAP4 in GC and its relationship with immune infiltrating cells,and explore the potential value of STEAP4 as an immune prognostic indicator in GC.METHODS The expression level of STEAP4 was characterized by immunohistochemistry in tumors and adjacent non-cancerous samples in 96 GC patients.Tumor Immune Estimation Resource was used to study the correlation between STEAP4 and tumor immune infiltration level and immune infiltration gene signature.R package was used to analyze the relationship between STEAP4 expression and immune and stromal scores in GC(GSE62254)by the ESTIMATE algorithm,and Kaplan-Meier Plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis were applied to analyze the effect of STEAP4 on clinical prognosis.RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that STEAP4 expression was higher in GC tissues than in adjacent tissues,and STEAP4 expression was positively correlated with the clinical stage of GC.In GC,the expression of STEAP4 was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of B cells,CD4+T cells,macrophages,neutrophils,and dendritic cells.The expression level of STEAP4 was strongly correlated with most of the immune markers.In addition,STEAP4 expression was inversely correlated with tumor purity,but correlated with stromal score(r=0.43,P<0.001),immune score(r=0.29,P<0.001)and estimate score(r=0.39,P<0.001).Moreover,stromal,immune,and estimate scores were higher in the STEAP4 high expression group,whereas tumor purity was higher in the STEAP4 Low expression group.The relationship between STEAP4 expression and prognosis of patients with GC was further investigated,and the results showed that high STEAP4 expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival.In addition,Kaplan-Meier Plotter showed that high expression of STEAP4 was significantly correlated with poor survival of patients with GC.CONCLUSION The current findings suggest an oncogenic role for STEAP4 in GC,with significantly high levels being associated with poor prognosis.Investigation of the GC tumor microenvironment suggests the potential function of STEAP4 is connected with the infiltration of diverse immune cells,which may contribute to the regulation of the tumor microenvironment.In conclusion,STEAP4 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GC to improve the immune infiltration,as well as serve as a prognostic biomarker for judging the prognosis and immune infiltration status of GC.展开更多
Older individuals with macular diseases,such as age-related macular degeneration,experience central vision loss(CVL)due to degeneration of their photoreceptors and retinal cells.Patients with CVL may experience variou...Older individuals with macular diseases,such as age-related macular degeneration,experience central vision loss(CVL)due to degeneration of their photoreceptors and retinal cells.Patients with CVL may experience various vision impairments,including of visual acuity,fixation stability,contrast sensitivity,and stereoacuity.After CVL,most patients develop a preferred retinal locus outside the affected macular region,which serves as a new visual reference.In this review,we provide an overview of the visual function and impairment in individuals with CVL.In addition,the important role of biofeedback training on the visual function and activity of individuals with CVL is also reviewed.Accordingly,the location and development of the preferred retinal loci are discussed.Finally,this review discusses how to conduct biofeedback training to treat individuals with CVL.展开更多
With the enhancement of environmental protection awareness, the requirements on drilling fluid are increasingly strict, and the use of ordinary oil-based drilling fluid has been strictly restricted. In order to solve ...With the enhancement of environmental protection awareness, the requirements on drilling fluid are increasingly strict, and the use of ordinary oil-based drilling fluid has been strictly restricted. In order to solve the environmental protection and oil-gas reservoir protection problems of offshore oil drilling, a new synthetic basic drilling fluid system is developed. The basic formula is as follows: a basic fluid (80% Linear a-olefin + 20% Simulated seawater) + 2.5% nano organobentonite + 3.5% emulsifier RHJ-5<sup>#</sup> + 2.5% fluid loss agent SDJ-1 + 1.5% CaO + the right amount of oil wetting barite to adjust the density, and a multifunctional oil and gas formation protective agent YRZ has been developed. The performance was evaluated using a high-low-high-temperature rheometer, a high-temperature and high-pressure demulsification voltage tester, and a high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic fluid loss meter. The results show that the developed synthetic based drilling fluid has good rheological property, demulsification voltage ≥ 500 V, temperature resistance up to 160°C, high temperature and high pressure filtration loss < 3.5 mL. After adding 2% - 5% YRZ into the basic formula of synthetic based drilling fluid, the permeability recovery value exceeds 90% and the reservoir protection effect is excellent. The new synthetic deepwater drilling fluid is expected to have a good application prospect in offshore deepwater drilling.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos.52165013 and 51565021.
文摘The meso-dynamical behaviour of a high-speed rail ballast bed with under sleeper pads(USPs)was studied.The geometrically irregular refined discrete element model of the ballast particles was constructed using 3D scanning techniques,and the 3D dynamic model of the rail-sleeper-ballast bed was constructed using the coupled discrete element method-multiflexible-body dynamics(DEM-MFBD)approach.We analyse the meso-mechanical dynamics of the ballast bed with USPs under dynamic load on a train and verify the correctness of the model in laboratory tests.It is shown that the deformation of the USPs increases the contact area between the sleeper and the ballast particles,and subsequently the number of contacts between them.As the depth of the granular ballast bed increases,the contact area becomes larger,and the contact force between the ballast particles gradually decreases.Under the action of the elastic USPs,the contact forces between ballast particles are reduced and the overall vibration level of the ballast bed can be reduced.The settlement of the granular ballast bed occurs mainly at the shallow position of the sleeper bottom,and the installation of the elastic USPs can be effective in reducing the stress on the ballast particles and the settlement of the ballast bed.
基金supported by research grants from the Ningbo Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2022Z143hezuo(to BL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82201520(to XD)。
文摘Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.As potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet known.In the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of action.In vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial polarization.Lipopolysaccharide,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were administered.RNA-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of dexamethasone.The Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our hypothesis.High-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain injury.Thus dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in vivo.Glucocorticoid receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain injury.Additionally,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is the GR/JAK1/STAT3 pathway.Overactivation of glucocorticoid receptor by high-dose dexamethasone reduced the expression of M2 microglia,which plays an antiinflammatory role.In contrast,inhibiting the activation of glucocorticoid receptor reduced the number of apoptotic glia and neurons and decreased the loss of dendritic spines after traumatic brain injury.Dexamethasone may exe rt its neurotoxic effects by inhibiting M2 microglia through the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
基金the financial support of the Doctoral Research Initiation Foundation of Linyi University(LYDX2020BS016)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QB208,ZR2022MB054)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22305262)SIAT Innovation Program for Excellent Young Researchers(2022)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program Grant(RCJC20200714114435061,ZDSYS20220527171406014)the City University of Hong Kong Donation Research Grants(9220061 and 9229021)City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant(SRG 7005505)。
文摘The earth-abundant and high-performance catalysts are crucial for commercial implementation of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Herein,a multifunctional site strategy to construct excellent HER catalysts by incorporating iridium(Ir)ions on the atomic scale into orthorhombic-CoSe2(Ir-CoSe_(2))was reported.Outstanding hydrogen evolution activity in alkaline media such as a low overpotential of 48.7 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and better performance than commercial Pt/C catalysts at high current densities were found in the Ir-CoSe_(2) samples.In the experiments and theoretical calculations,it was revealed that Ir enabled CoSe_(2)to form multifunctional sites to synergistically catalyze alkaline HER by promoting the adsorption and dissociation of H_(2)O(Ir sites)and optimizing the binding energy for H^(*)on Co sites.It was noticeable that the electrolytic system comprising the Ir-CoSe_(2)electrode not only produced hydrogen efficiently via HER,but also degraded organic pollutants(Methylene blue).The cell voltage of the dual-function electrolytic system was 1.58 V at the benchmark current density of 50 mA cm^(-2),which was significantly lower than the conventional water splitting voltage.It was indicated that this method was a novel strategy for designing advanced HER electrocatalysts by constructing multifunctional catalytic sites for hydrogen production and organic degradation.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61960206012,62121003,T2293731,62171434,61975206,61971400,and 61973292)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2022YFB3205602 and 2022YFC2402501)+1 种基金Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030 (Grant No.2021ZD02016030)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.GJJSTD20210004).
文摘To enable the detection and modulation of modularized neural networks in vitro,this study proposes a microfluidic microelectrode array chip for the cultivation,compartmentalization,and control of neural cells.The chip was designed based on the specific structure of neurons and the requirements for detection and modulation.Finite-element analysis of the chip’s flow field was conducted using the COMSOL Multiphysics software,and the simulation results show that the liquid within the chip can flow smoothly,ensuring stable flow fields that facilitate the uniform growth of neurons within the microfluidic channels.By employing MEMS technology in combination with nanomaterial modification techniques,the microfluidic microelectrode array chip was fabricated successfully.Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured on the chip,forming a well-defined neural network.Spontaneous electrical activity of the detected neurons was recorded,exhibiting a 23.7%increase in amplitude compared to neuronal discharges detected on an open-field microelectrode array.This study provides a platform for the precise detection and modulation of patterned neuronal growth in vitro,potentially serving as a novel tool in neuroscience research.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81501539Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2021A1515012180 and 2016A030312008+2 种基金Special Grant for Key Area Programs of Guangdong Department of Education,No.2021ZDZX2004Science and Technology Special Project of Guangdong Province,No.210715216902829Dengfeng Project”for the Construction of High-level Hospitals in Guangdong Province-First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University College Supporting Funding,No.202003-10.
文摘Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell-regulated death.It is characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and can be distinguished from other forms of cell-regulated death by different morphology,biochemistry,and genetics.Recently,studies have shown that ferroptosis is associated with a variety of diseases,including liver,kidney and neurological diseases,as well as cancer.Ferroptosis has been shown to be associated with colorectal epithelial disorders,which can lead to cancerous changes in the gut.However,the potential role of ferroptosis in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer(CRC)is still controversial.To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis in CRC,this article systematically reviews ferroptosis,and its cellular functions in CRC,for furthering the understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC to aid clinical treatment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 82273457Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No. 2021A1515012180 and 2016A030312008+1 种基金Special Grant for Key Area Programs of Guangdong Department of Education,No. 2021ZDZX2040Science and Technology Special Project of Guangdong Province,No. 210715216902829
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC),the third most common type of cancer worldwide,threaten human health and quality of life.With multidisciplinary,including surgery,chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy,patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis.However,metastasis in CRC patients is the main risk factor causing cancer-related death.To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC metastasis is the difficult and research focus on the investigation of the CRC mechanism.On the other hand,the tumor microenvironment(TME)has been confirmed as having an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignancies,including CRCs.Among the different factors in the TME,exosomes as extracellular vesicles,function as bridges in the communication between cancer cells and different components of the TME to promote the progression and metastasis of CRC.MicroRNAs packaged in exosomes can be derived from different sources and transported into the TME to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressor roles accordingly.This article focuses on CRC exosomes and illustrates their role in regulating the metastasis of CRC,especially through the packaging of miRNAs,to evoke exosomes as novel biomarkers for their impact on the metastasis of CRC progression.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82273457 and No.81501539Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515012762 and No.2021A1515012180+1 种基金Special Grant for Key Area Programs of Guangdong Department of Education,No.2021ZDZX2040Science and Technology Special Project of Guangdong Province,No.210715216902829.
文摘BACKGROUND Immune cells play an important role in regulating the behavior of tumor cells.According to emerging evidence,six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4(STEAP4)performs a crucial part in tumor microenvironmental immune response and tumorigenesis,and serves as the potential target for cellular and antibody immunotherapy.However,the immunotherapeutic role of STEAP4 in gastric cancer(GC)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the expression of STEAP4 in GC and its relationship with immune infiltrating cells,and explore the potential value of STEAP4 as an immune prognostic indicator in GC.METHODS The expression level of STEAP4 was characterized by immunohistochemistry in tumors and adjacent non-cancerous samples in 96 GC patients.Tumor Immune Estimation Resource was used to study the correlation between STEAP4 and tumor immune infiltration level and immune infiltration gene signature.R package was used to analyze the relationship between STEAP4 expression and immune and stromal scores in GC(GSE62254)by the ESTIMATE algorithm,and Kaplan-Meier Plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis were applied to analyze the effect of STEAP4 on clinical prognosis.RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that STEAP4 expression was higher in GC tissues than in adjacent tissues,and STEAP4 expression was positively correlated with the clinical stage of GC.In GC,the expression of STEAP4 was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of B cells,CD4+T cells,macrophages,neutrophils,and dendritic cells.The expression level of STEAP4 was strongly correlated with most of the immune markers.In addition,STEAP4 expression was inversely correlated with tumor purity,but correlated with stromal score(r=0.43,P<0.001),immune score(r=0.29,P<0.001)and estimate score(r=0.39,P<0.001).Moreover,stromal,immune,and estimate scores were higher in the STEAP4 high expression group,whereas tumor purity was higher in the STEAP4 Low expression group.The relationship between STEAP4 expression and prognosis of patients with GC was further investigated,and the results showed that high STEAP4 expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival.In addition,Kaplan-Meier Plotter showed that high expression of STEAP4 was significantly correlated with poor survival of patients with GC.CONCLUSION The current findings suggest an oncogenic role for STEAP4 in GC,with significantly high levels being associated with poor prognosis.Investigation of the GC tumor microenvironment suggests the potential function of STEAP4 is connected with the infiltration of diverse immune cells,which may contribute to the regulation of the tumor microenvironment.In conclusion,STEAP4 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GC to improve the immune infiltration,as well as serve as a prognostic biomarker for judging the prognosis and immune infiltration status of GC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874494)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.7182187)+1 种基金Capital Foundation of Medical Development(No.2020-2-4182No.2020-3-4184)。
文摘Older individuals with macular diseases,such as age-related macular degeneration,experience central vision loss(CVL)due to degeneration of their photoreceptors and retinal cells.Patients with CVL may experience various vision impairments,including of visual acuity,fixation stability,contrast sensitivity,and stereoacuity.After CVL,most patients develop a preferred retinal locus outside the affected macular region,which serves as a new visual reference.In this review,we provide an overview of the visual function and impairment in individuals with CVL.In addition,the important role of biofeedback training on the visual function and activity of individuals with CVL is also reviewed.Accordingly,the location and development of the preferred retinal loci are discussed.Finally,this review discusses how to conduct biofeedback training to treat individuals with CVL.
文摘With the enhancement of environmental protection awareness, the requirements on drilling fluid are increasingly strict, and the use of ordinary oil-based drilling fluid has been strictly restricted. In order to solve the environmental protection and oil-gas reservoir protection problems of offshore oil drilling, a new synthetic basic drilling fluid system is developed. The basic formula is as follows: a basic fluid (80% Linear a-olefin + 20% Simulated seawater) + 2.5% nano organobentonite + 3.5% emulsifier RHJ-5<sup>#</sup> + 2.5% fluid loss agent SDJ-1 + 1.5% CaO + the right amount of oil wetting barite to adjust the density, and a multifunctional oil and gas formation protective agent YRZ has been developed. The performance was evaluated using a high-low-high-temperature rheometer, a high-temperature and high-pressure demulsification voltage tester, and a high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic fluid loss meter. The results show that the developed synthetic based drilling fluid has good rheological property, demulsification voltage ≥ 500 V, temperature resistance up to 160°C, high temperature and high pressure filtration loss < 3.5 mL. After adding 2% - 5% YRZ into the basic formula of synthetic based drilling fluid, the permeability recovery value exceeds 90% and the reservoir protection effect is excellent. The new synthetic deepwater drilling fluid is expected to have a good application prospect in offshore deepwater drilling.
