奶牛能量负平衡(negative energy balance,NEB)是奶牛产后泌乳初期常会发生的一种代谢性疾病,当奶牛摄入能量无法满足其消耗能量时就会达到NEB状态。奶牛处于NEB状态时易引起患病率增加、妊娠率降低、生产性能下降,给集约化奶牛生产带...奶牛能量负平衡(negative energy balance,NEB)是奶牛产后泌乳初期常会发生的一种代谢性疾病,当奶牛摄入能量无法满足其消耗能量时就会达到NEB状态。奶牛处于NEB状态时易引起患病率增加、妊娠率降低、生产性能下降,给集约化奶牛生产带来很大的经济损失。随着分子、组学技术的广泛应用,奶牛泌乳初期NEB对牛卵泡发育的影响机制得到进一步揭示。本文根据近年来相关报道,综述奶牛早期泌乳NEB对牛卵泡发育分子机制相关研究进展并进行展望,以期为减少NEB对奶牛繁殖性能的不利影响提供理论参考。展开更多
质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)将化学燃料转化为电能,具有能量转换效率高、清洁、零排放等特点,被认为是未来重要的能源利用装置.与阳极发生的氢氧化反应相比,阴极发生的氧还原反应(ORR)是动力学缓慢的过程,严重阻碍了燃料电池的广泛应用...质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)将化学燃料转化为电能,具有能量转换效率高、清洁、零排放等特点,被认为是未来重要的能源利用装置.与阳极发生的氢氧化反应相比,阴极发生的氧还原反应(ORR)是动力学缓慢的过程,严重阻碍了燃料电池的广泛应用,因此迫切需要开发高活性的电催化剂来降低其电化学过电位,提高反应动力学.铂基纳米晶是氧还原反应有效的电催化剂,但存在成本高、储量少且耐用性差等问题.将铂(Pt)与过渡金属(Fe,Co,Ni等)合金化可以提升催化活性,且最外层有序的Pt原子层可以有效地避免过渡金属的腐蚀溶解,同时,利用金(Au)与Pt基合金形成核壳结构可以有效地降低催化剂成本,同时增强稳定性.然而,在以Au作为核时,很难通过退火处理获得富含Pt层的核壳催化剂.本文利用钛(Ti)原子与Au原子合金化后的协同作用,成功地制备了核壳AuTi@PtNi氧还原催化剂.由于Ti与Au的强相互作用,使得该催化剂即使经高温退火处理,依旧可以使Au保持在内部,同时可以获得富Pt壳层.利用配备有电子能量损失谱的透射电子显微镜及X射线电子能谱对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,Ti的引入可大大提升催化剂的热稳定性.由于具有核壳结构及富Pt的PtNi壳层,退火后的AuTi@PtNi-400催化剂在0.9 V(RHE)时的质量比活性(5.26 A mgPt^(‒1))和面积比活性(2.72 mA cm^(‒2))分别是商业化Pt/C催化剂的19.26倍和9.84倍.另外,AuTi@PtNi-400催化剂在20000圈循环测试后质量活性衰减不到10%,稳定性好于商业化Pt/C催化剂和未经过退火的AuTi@PtNi催化剂.进一步对AuTi@PtNi-400进行电催化测试,结果表明,在功率密度达到0.61 W cm^(‒2)的同时可产生1.31 A cm^(‒2)的电流密度,该结果优于商业化Pt(1.05 A cm^(‒2)和0.34 W cm^(‒2))以及Ti-Au@PtNi/C(1.25 A cm^(‒2)和0.62 W cm^(‒2)),峰值功率密度高达0.80 W cm^(‒2),这表明所制备的Ti-Au@PtNi/C-400催化剂不仅在三电极体系中具有较好的性能,在电堆测试中也展现出高性能,可以较大地满足和促进燃料电池的发展和应用.综上所述,对于燃料电池阴极催化剂,可结合形貌工程及协调作用,制备出低成本高性能的ORR催化剂,为燃料电池的进一步应用提供新思路.展开更多
A new type of polarization sensitive interferometer is proposed,named the Delta interferometer,inspired by its geometry resembling the Greek letter Delta.The main difference between the Delta interferometer and other ...A new type of polarization sensitive interferometer is proposed,named the Delta interferometer,inspired by its geometry resembling the Greek letter Delta.The main difference between the Delta interferometer and other existing interferometers,such as Michelson,Mach-Zehnder and Young's double-slit interferometers,is that the two interfering paths are asymmetrical in the Delta interferometer.The visibility of the first-order interference pattern observed in the Delta interferometer is dependent on the polarization of the incidental light.Optical coherence theory is employed to interpret this phenomenon and single-mode continuous-wave laser light is employed to verify the theoretical predictions.The theoretical and experimental results are consistent.The Delta interferometer is a perfect tool to study the reflection of electromagnetic fields in different polarizations and may find applications in polarization-sensitive scenarios.展开更多
Objective:To explore the medication rule of Professor Ba Yuanming in the treatment of chronic glonerulonephritis by data mining technology,so as to provide certain reference for clinical and scientific research in the...Objective:To explore the medication rule of Professor Ba Yuanming in the treatment of chronic glonerulonephritis by data mining technology,so as to provide certain reference for clinical and scientific research in the treatment of Chronic glonerulonephritis with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:collect,sort out and screen the cases of chronic nephritis diagnosed and treated by Professor Ba Yuanming in the outpatient department of Hubei Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine from 2018 to 2019,establish the database on the cloud platform of ancient and modern medical cases(v2.2.1),and use frequency statistics,association rules,hierarchical clustering and other analysis methods to study and analyze the drugs used.Results:1630 cases were included in the prescription,involving 212 traditional Chinese medicines.The high-frequency drugs are Poria cocos,astragalus,dangshen,yam,Chuanshanlong,Cornus,distracted wood,etc;the drugs are mainly warm,cold and calm;the five tastes are sweet and light,spicy and bitter;the meridian tropism is mostly found in the kidney,lung and spleen channels;the effects are calming the mind and the nerves,strengthening the spleen and stomach,promoting water and swelling,etc.The core Chinese medicine combinations of Astragalus and poria were obtained.Conclusion:Professor Ba Yuanming pays attention to comprehensive consideration,attack and supplement in the treatment of CGN,pays attention to the care of the healthy qi of Sanjiao,at the same time clearing away heat and dampness,removing blood stasis and firmness,and is good at using the sweet and gentle products.展开更多
文摘奶牛能量负平衡(negative energy balance,NEB)是奶牛产后泌乳初期常会发生的一种代谢性疾病,当奶牛摄入能量无法满足其消耗能量时就会达到NEB状态。奶牛处于NEB状态时易引起患病率增加、妊娠率降低、生产性能下降,给集约化奶牛生产带来很大的经济损失。随着分子、组学技术的广泛应用,奶牛泌乳初期NEB对牛卵泡发育的影响机制得到进一步揭示。本文根据近年来相关报道,综述奶牛早期泌乳NEB对牛卵泡发育分子机制相关研究进展并进行展望,以期为减少NEB对奶牛繁殖性能的不利影响提供理论参考。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52205453)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China (No.22ZR1402700)Opening Foundation of Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of High Performance Fibers and Composites (Province-Minitry Joint),China (No.X12812101/019)。
文摘质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)将化学燃料转化为电能,具有能量转换效率高、清洁、零排放等特点,被认为是未来重要的能源利用装置.与阳极发生的氢氧化反应相比,阴极发生的氧还原反应(ORR)是动力学缓慢的过程,严重阻碍了燃料电池的广泛应用,因此迫切需要开发高活性的电催化剂来降低其电化学过电位,提高反应动力学.铂基纳米晶是氧还原反应有效的电催化剂,但存在成本高、储量少且耐用性差等问题.将铂(Pt)与过渡金属(Fe,Co,Ni等)合金化可以提升催化活性,且最外层有序的Pt原子层可以有效地避免过渡金属的腐蚀溶解,同时,利用金(Au)与Pt基合金形成核壳结构可以有效地降低催化剂成本,同时增强稳定性.然而,在以Au作为核时,很难通过退火处理获得富含Pt层的核壳催化剂.本文利用钛(Ti)原子与Au原子合金化后的协同作用,成功地制备了核壳AuTi@PtNi氧还原催化剂.由于Ti与Au的强相互作用,使得该催化剂即使经高温退火处理,依旧可以使Au保持在内部,同时可以获得富Pt壳层.利用配备有电子能量损失谱的透射电子显微镜及X射线电子能谱对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,Ti的引入可大大提升催化剂的热稳定性.由于具有核壳结构及富Pt的PtNi壳层,退火后的AuTi@PtNi-400催化剂在0.9 V(RHE)时的质量比活性(5.26 A mgPt^(‒1))和面积比活性(2.72 mA cm^(‒2))分别是商业化Pt/C催化剂的19.26倍和9.84倍.另外,AuTi@PtNi-400催化剂在20000圈循环测试后质量活性衰减不到10%,稳定性好于商业化Pt/C催化剂和未经过退火的AuTi@PtNi催化剂.进一步对AuTi@PtNi-400进行电催化测试,结果表明,在功率密度达到0.61 W cm^(‒2)的同时可产生1.31 A cm^(‒2)的电流密度,该结果优于商业化Pt(1.05 A cm^(‒2)和0.34 W cm^(‒2))以及Ti-Au@PtNi/C(1.25 A cm^(‒2)和0.62 W cm^(‒2)),峰值功率密度高达0.80 W cm^(‒2),这表明所制备的Ti-Au@PtNi/C-400催化剂不仅在三电极体系中具有较好的性能,在电堆测试中也展现出高性能,可以较大地满足和促进燃料电池的发展和应用.综上所述,对于燃料电池阴极催化剂,可结合形貌工程及协调作用,制备出低成本高性能的ORR催化剂,为燃料电池的进一步应用提供新思路.
基金Project supported by the Shanxi Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2019ZDLGY09-08)Shanxi Nature and Science Basic Research Project(Grant No.2019JLP-18).
文摘A new type of polarization sensitive interferometer is proposed,named the Delta interferometer,inspired by its geometry resembling the Greek letter Delta.The main difference between the Delta interferometer and other existing interferometers,such as Michelson,Mach-Zehnder and Young's double-slit interferometers,is that the two interfering paths are asymmetrical in the Delta interferometer.The visibility of the first-order interference pattern observed in the Delta interferometer is dependent on the polarization of the incidental light.Optical coherence theory is employed to interpret this phenomenon and single-mode continuous-wave laser light is employed to verify the theoretical predictions.The theoretical and experimental results are consistent.The Delta interferometer is a perfect tool to study the reflection of electromagnetic fields in different polarizations and may find applications in polarization-sensitive scenarios.
基金The third project of famous TCM masters in Hubei Province(No.[2018]15)Chinese medicine studio of Bayuanming in Hubei Province(No.[2019]18)The Sixth Batch of national old Chinese medicine experts'academic experience inheritance Guidance Teacher Project(No.[2017]29)。
文摘Objective:To explore the medication rule of Professor Ba Yuanming in the treatment of chronic glonerulonephritis by data mining technology,so as to provide certain reference for clinical and scientific research in the treatment of Chronic glonerulonephritis with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:collect,sort out and screen the cases of chronic nephritis diagnosed and treated by Professor Ba Yuanming in the outpatient department of Hubei Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine from 2018 to 2019,establish the database on the cloud platform of ancient and modern medical cases(v2.2.1),and use frequency statistics,association rules,hierarchical clustering and other analysis methods to study and analyze the drugs used.Results:1630 cases were included in the prescription,involving 212 traditional Chinese medicines.The high-frequency drugs are Poria cocos,astragalus,dangshen,yam,Chuanshanlong,Cornus,distracted wood,etc;the drugs are mainly warm,cold and calm;the five tastes are sweet and light,spicy and bitter;the meridian tropism is mostly found in the kidney,lung and spleen channels;the effects are calming the mind and the nerves,strengthening the spleen and stomach,promoting water and swelling,etc.The core Chinese medicine combinations of Astragalus and poria were obtained.Conclusion:Professor Ba Yuanming pays attention to comprehensive consideration,attack and supplement in the treatment of CGN,pays attention to the care of the healthy qi of Sanjiao,at the same time clearing away heat and dampness,removing blood stasis and firmness,and is good at using the sweet and gentle products.
