This editorial provides insights from a case report by Sun et al published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The case report focuses on a case where a multilocular thymic cyst(MTC)was misdiagnosed as a thymic tum...This editorial provides insights from a case report by Sun et al published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The case report focuses on a case where a multilocular thymic cyst(MTC)was misdiagnosed as a thymic tumor,resulting in an unnecessary surgical procedure.Both MTCs and thymic tumors are rare conditions that heavily rely on radiological imaging for accurate diagnosis.However,the similarity in their imaging presentations can lead to misinterpretation,resulting in unnecessary surgical procedures.Due to the ongoing lack of comprehensive knowledge about MTCs and thymic tumors,we offer a summary of diagnostic techniques documented in recent literature and examine potential causes of misdiagnosis.When computer tomography(CT)values surpass 20 Hounsfield units and display comparable morphology,there is a risk of misdiagnosing MTCs as thymic tumors.Employing various differential diagnostic methods like biopsy,molecular biology,multi-slice CT,CT functional imaging,positron emission tomography/CT molecular functional imaging,magnetic resonance imaging and radiomics,proves advantageous in reducing clinical misdiagnosis.A deeper understanding of these conditions requires increased attention and exploration by healthcare providers.Moreover,the continued advancement and utilization of various diagnostic methods are expected to enhance precise diagnoses,provide appropriate treatment options,and improve the quality of life for patients with thymic tumors and MTCs in the future.continued advancement and utilization of various diagnostic methods are expected to enhance precise diagnoses,provide appropriate treatment options,and improve the quality of life for patients with thymic tumors and MTCs in the future.展开更多
We eomputationally study the possible effects of thermosensitive transient receptor potential （TRP） channels on the spontaneous calcium oscillations in astrocytes at various temperatures. Based on the previous model...We eomputationally study the possible effects of thermosensitive transient receptor potential （TRP） channels on the spontaneous calcium oscillations in astrocytes at various temperatures. Based on the previous model and the result of thermosensitive TRP channels＇ open probabilities, some meaningful conclusions are obtained. It is shown that the occurrence of calcium oscillations depends on temperature and the molar heat capacity difference between the closed and open channels （ACp ）. The data indicate that calcium oscillations in astrocytes occurred in the ranges of 7℃-11 ℃ and 27℃-30℃ when/kgp is 16 kJ· mol- 1·K- 1, and ca/cium oscillations only occur in the range of 27℃-30℃ when Agp is 2kJ·mol-1·K-1. In this study, the frequency decreases rapidly at temperatures ranging from 7℃ to 11℃, and there is a contrary result in the range of 27℃-30℃.展开更多
To understand how the nervous system develops from a small pool of progenitors during early embryonic development,it is fundamentally important to identify the diversity of neuronal subtypes,decode the origin of neuro...To understand how the nervous system develops from a small pool of progenitors during early embryonic development,it is fundamentally important to identify the diversity of neuronal subtypes,decode the origin of neuronal diversity,and uncover the principles governing neuronal specification across different regions.Recent single-cell analyses have systematically identified neuronal diversity at unprecedented scale and speed,leaving the deconstruction of spatiotemporal mechanisms for generating neuronal diversity an imperative and paramount challenge.In this review,we highlight three distinct strategies deployed by neural progenitors to produce diverse neuronal subtypes,including predetermined,stochastic,and cascade diversifying models,and elaborate how these strategies are implemented in distinct regions such as the neocortex,spinal cord,retina,and hypothalamus.Importantly,the identity of neural progenitors is defined by their spatial position and temporal patterning factors,and each type of progenitor cell gives rise to distinguishable cohorts of neuronal subtypes.Microenvironmental cues,spontaneous activity,and connectional pattern further reshape and diversify the fate of unspecialized neurons in particular regions.The illumination of how neuronal diversity is generated will pave the way for producing specific brain organoids to model human disease and desired neuronal subtypes for cell therapy,as well as understanding the organization of functional neural circuits and the evolution of the nervous system.展开更多
Cryptocurrencies represented by Bitcoin have fully demonstrated their advantages and great potential in payment and monetary systems during the last decade.The mining pool,which is considered the source of Bitcoin,is ...Cryptocurrencies represented by Bitcoin have fully demonstrated their advantages and great potential in payment and monetary systems during the last decade.The mining pool,which is considered the source of Bitcoin,is the cornerstone of market stability.The surveillance of the mining pool can help regulators effectively assess the overall health of Bitcoin and issues.However,the anonymity of mining-pool miners and the difficulty of analyzing large numbers of transactions limit in-depth analysis.It is also a challenge to achieve intuitive and comprehensive monitoring of multi-source heterogeneous data.In this study,we present SuPoolVisor,an interactive visual analytics system that supports surveillance of the mining pool and de-anonymization by visual reasoning.SuPoolVisor is divided into pool level and address level.At the pool level,we use a sorted stream graph to illustrate the evolution of computing power of pools over time,and glyphs are designed in two other views to demonstrate the influence scope of the mining pool and the migration of pool members.At the address level,we use a force-directed graph and a massive sequence view to present the dynamic address network in the mining pool.Particularly,these two views,together with the Radviz view,support an iterative visual reasoning process for de-anonymization of pool members and provide interactions for cross-view analysis and identity marking.Effectiveness and usability of SuPoolVisor are demonstrated using three cases,in which we cooperate closely with experts in this field.展开更多
基金Project of Special Funds for Science and Technology Cooperation in Guizhou Provinces and Zunyi City,No.Shengshikehe(2015)53.
文摘This editorial provides insights from a case report by Sun et al published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The case report focuses on a case where a multilocular thymic cyst(MTC)was misdiagnosed as a thymic tumor,resulting in an unnecessary surgical procedure.Both MTCs and thymic tumors are rare conditions that heavily rely on radiological imaging for accurate diagnosis.However,the similarity in their imaging presentations can lead to misinterpretation,resulting in unnecessary surgical procedures.Due to the ongoing lack of comprehensive knowledge about MTCs and thymic tumors,we offer a summary of diagnostic techniques documented in recent literature and examine potential causes of misdiagnosis.When computer tomography(CT)values surpass 20 Hounsfield units and display comparable morphology,there is a risk of misdiagnosing MTCs as thymic tumors.Employing various differential diagnostic methods like biopsy,molecular biology,multi-slice CT,CT functional imaging,positron emission tomography/CT molecular functional imaging,magnetic resonance imaging and radiomics,proves advantageous in reducing clinical misdiagnosis.A deeper understanding of these conditions requires increased attention and exploration by healthcare providers.Moreover,the continued advancement and utilization of various diagnostic methods are expected to enhance precise diagnoses,provide appropriate treatment options,and improve the quality of life for patients with thymic tumors and MTCs in the future.continued advancement and utilization of various diagnostic methods are expected to enhance precise diagnoses,provide appropriate treatment options,and improve the quality of life for patients with thymic tumors and MTCs in the future.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11175055 and 11547013the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No A2015202268
文摘We eomputationally study the possible effects of thermosensitive transient receptor potential （TRP） channels on the spontaneous calcium oscillations in astrocytes at various temperatures. Based on the previous model and the result of thermosensitive TRP channels＇ open probabilities, some meaningful conclusions are obtained. It is shown that the occurrence of calcium oscillations depends on temperature and the molar heat capacity difference between the closed and open channels （ACp ）. The data indicate that calcium oscillations in astrocytes occurred in the ranges of 7℃-11 ℃ and 27℃-30℃ when/kgp is 16 kJ· mol- 1·K- 1, and ca/cium oscillations only occur in the range of 27℃-30℃ when Agp is 2kJ·mol-1·K-1. In this study, the frequency decreases rapidly at temperatures ranging from 7℃ to 11℃, and there is a contrary result in the range of 27℃-30℃.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0801900 and 2018YFA0801104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81891002,32070972,31921002,and 31771131)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32020000)the Hundred-Talent Program(Chinese Academy of Sciences)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z210010 and Z181100001518001).
文摘To understand how the nervous system develops from a small pool of progenitors during early embryonic development,it is fundamentally important to identify the diversity of neuronal subtypes,decode the origin of neuronal diversity,and uncover the principles governing neuronal specification across different regions.Recent single-cell analyses have systematically identified neuronal diversity at unprecedented scale and speed,leaving the deconstruction of spatiotemporal mechanisms for generating neuronal diversity an imperative and paramount challenge.In this review,we highlight three distinct strategies deployed by neural progenitors to produce diverse neuronal subtypes,including predetermined,stochastic,and cascade diversifying models,and elaborate how these strategies are implemented in distinct regions such as the neocortex,spinal cord,retina,and hypothalamus.Importantly,the identity of neural progenitors is defined by their spatial position and temporal patterning factors,and each type of progenitor cell gives rise to distinguishable cohorts of neuronal subtypes.Microenvironmental cues,spontaneous activity,and connectional pattern further reshape and diversify the fate of unspecialized neurons in particular regions.The illumination of how neuronal diversity is generated will pave the way for producing specific brain organoids to model human disease and desired neuronal subtypes for cell therapy,as well as understanding the organization of functional neural circuits and the evolution of the nervous system.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61872389,61502540,61672538,61872388,and 61772556)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2015JJ4077,2019JJ40406,and 2017JJ2330)+1 种基金the Changsha Science and Technology Plan Key Project,China(No.kq1801066)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China(No.2018zzts065)。
文摘Cryptocurrencies represented by Bitcoin have fully demonstrated their advantages and great potential in payment and monetary systems during the last decade.The mining pool,which is considered the source of Bitcoin,is the cornerstone of market stability.The surveillance of the mining pool can help regulators effectively assess the overall health of Bitcoin and issues.However,the anonymity of mining-pool miners and the difficulty of analyzing large numbers of transactions limit in-depth analysis.It is also a challenge to achieve intuitive and comprehensive monitoring of multi-source heterogeneous data.In this study,we present SuPoolVisor,an interactive visual analytics system that supports surveillance of the mining pool and de-anonymization by visual reasoning.SuPoolVisor is divided into pool level and address level.At the pool level,we use a sorted stream graph to illustrate the evolution of computing power of pools over time,and glyphs are designed in two other views to demonstrate the influence scope of the mining pool and the migration of pool members.At the address level,we use a force-directed graph and a massive sequence view to present the dynamic address network in the mining pool.Particularly,these two views,together with the Radviz view,support an iterative visual reasoning process for de-anonymization of pool members and provide interactions for cross-view analysis and identity marking.Effectiveness and usability of SuPoolVisor are demonstrated using three cases,in which we cooperate closely with experts in this field.
