Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as...Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as crucial nonhuman primate biomedical models with different phenotypes. To date, however, large-scale comparative transcriptome research between these two species has not yet been fully explored. Here, we conducted systematic comparisons utilizing newly sequenced RNA-seq data from84 samples(41 MFA samples and 43 MMU samples)encompassing 14 common tissues. Our findings revealed a small fraction of genes(3.7%) with differential expression between the two species, as well as 36.5% of genes with tissue-specific expression in both macaques. Comparison of gene expression between macaques and humans indicated that 22.6% of orthologous genes displayed differential expression in at least two tissues. Moreover,19.41% of genes that overlapped with macaque-specific structural variants showed differential expression between humans and macaques. Of these, the FAM220A gene exhibited elevated expression in humans compared to macaques due to lineage-specific duplication. In summary,this study presents a large-scale transcriptomic comparison between MMU and MFA and between macaques and humans. The discovery of gene expression variations not only enhances the biomedical utility of macaque models but also contributes to the wider field of primate genomics.展开更多
AIM:To examine the morphological characteristics and antigen expression patterns of cultured human retinal glia to define novel subtypes.METHODS:Morphologic characteristics and marker expression were examined during c...AIM:To examine the morphological characteristics and antigen expression patterns of cultured human retinal glia to define novel subtypes.METHODS:Morphologic characteristics and marker expression were examined during cultivation using hematoxylin and eosin(HE) and immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and vimentin.RESULTS:A subtype of human retinal glia distinct from radial glia(Müller cells) was successfully isolated by digesting the retina first in diastase vera(pancreatin) and then in clostridiopeptidase,followed by culture on fibronectin substrate in human endothelial cell medium(supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum,growth factors,and heparin sodium).Adherence was detected at 72h and cell-cell coupling at 9d-10d after seeding.These cells were extensively and strongly immunopositive for GFAP and vimentin,consistent with glial expression patterns in the human retina,but were morphologically and immunohistochemically distinct from previously reported cultured retinal glia,including GFAP-positive and glutamine synthetase(GS)-positive Müller cells.CONCLUSION:A unique human retinal glial cell type can be isolated using diastase vera and clostridiopeptidase and then maintained in vitro.Further studies are required to characterize the physiological and pathological functions of these cells.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82021001 and 31825018 to Q.S., 32370658 to Y.M.,82001372 to X.Y.)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0710901)+2 种基金National Science and Technology Innovation2030 Major Program (2021ZD0200900) to Q.S.Shanghai Pujiang Program (22PJ1407300)Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2030 Initiative (WH510363001-7) to Y.M。
文摘Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as crucial nonhuman primate biomedical models with different phenotypes. To date, however, large-scale comparative transcriptome research between these two species has not yet been fully explored. Here, we conducted systematic comparisons utilizing newly sequenced RNA-seq data from84 samples(41 MFA samples and 43 MMU samples)encompassing 14 common tissues. Our findings revealed a small fraction of genes(3.7%) with differential expression between the two species, as well as 36.5% of genes with tissue-specific expression in both macaques. Comparison of gene expression between macaques and humans indicated that 22.6% of orthologous genes displayed differential expression in at least two tissues. Moreover,19.41% of genes that overlapped with macaque-specific structural variants showed differential expression between humans and macaques. Of these, the FAM220A gene exhibited elevated expression in humans compared to macaques due to lineage-specific duplication. In summary,this study presents a large-scale transcriptomic comparison between MMU and MFA and between macaques and humans. The discovery of gene expression variations not only enhances the biomedical utility of macaque models but also contributes to the wider field of primate genomics.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81170865)
文摘AIM:To examine the morphological characteristics and antigen expression patterns of cultured human retinal glia to define novel subtypes.METHODS:Morphologic characteristics and marker expression were examined during cultivation using hematoxylin and eosin(HE) and immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and vimentin.RESULTS:A subtype of human retinal glia distinct from radial glia(Müller cells) was successfully isolated by digesting the retina first in diastase vera(pancreatin) and then in clostridiopeptidase,followed by culture on fibronectin substrate in human endothelial cell medium(supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum,growth factors,and heparin sodium).Adherence was detected at 72h and cell-cell coupling at 9d-10d after seeding.These cells were extensively and strongly immunopositive for GFAP and vimentin,consistent with glial expression patterns in the human retina,but were morphologically and immunohistochemically distinct from previously reported cultured retinal glia,including GFAP-positive and glutamine synthetase(GS)-positive Müller cells.CONCLUSION:A unique human retinal glial cell type can be isolated using diastase vera and clostridiopeptidase and then maintained in vitro.Further studies are required to characterize the physiological and pathological functions of these cells.
