Elliptical tanks were used as an alternative to circular tanks in order to improve mixing efficiency and reduce mixing time in unbaffled stirred tanks(USTs). Five different aspect ratios of elliptical vessels were des...Elliptical tanks were used as an alternative to circular tanks in order to improve mixing efficiency and reduce mixing time in unbaffled stirred tanks(USTs). Five different aspect ratios of elliptical vessels were designed to compare their mixing time and flow field. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations were performed using the k–ε model to calculate the mixing time and simulate turbulent flow field features, such as streamline shape, velocity distribution, vortex core region distribution, and turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) transfer. Visualization was also carried out to track the tinctorial evolution of the liquid phase. Results reveal that elliptical stirred tanks can significantly improve mixing performance in USTs. Specifically, the mixing time at an aspect ratio of 2.00 is only 45.3% of the one of a circular stirred tank. Furthermore, the secondary flow is strengthened and the vortex core region increases with the increase of aspect ratio. The axial velocity is more sensitive to the aspect ratio than the circumferential and radial velocity. Additionally, the TKE transfer in elliptical vessels is altered. These findings suggest that elliptical vessels offer a promising alternative to circular vessels for enhancing mixing performance in USTs.展开更多
We construct a power enhancement cavity to form an optical lattice in an ytterbium optical clock.It is demonstrated that the intra-cavity lattice power can be increased by about 45 times,and the trap depth can be as l...We construct a power enhancement cavity to form an optical lattice in an ytterbium optical clock.It is demonstrated that the intra-cavity lattice power can be increased by about 45 times,and the trap depth can be as large as 1400Er when laser light with a power of only 0.6 W incident to the lattice cavity.Such high trap depths are the key to accurate evaluation of the lattice-induced light shift with an uncertainty down to~1×10-18.By probing the ytterbium atoms trapped in the power-enhanced optical lattice,we obtain a 4.3 Hz-linewidth Rabi spectrum,which is then used to feedback to the clock laser for the close loop operation of the optical lattice clock.We evaluate the density shift of the Yb optical lattice clock based on interleaving measurements,which is-0.46(62)mHz.This result is smaller compared to the density shift of our first Yb optical clock without lattice power enhancement cavity mainly due to a larger lattice diameter of 344μm.展开更多
A dispersion interferometer(DI)has been installed and operates on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).This DI system utilizes a continuous-wave 9.3μm CO_(2)laser source to measure line-averaged el...A dispersion interferometer(DI)has been installed and operates on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).This DI system utilizes a continuous-wave 9.3μm CO_(2)laser source to measure line-averaged electron densities accurately.In contrast to conventional interferometers,the DI does not require substantial vibration isolations or compensating systems to reduce the impact of vibrations in the optical path.It also employs a ratio of modulation amplitudes,ensuring it remains immune to the variations in detected intensities.Without a variation compensation system,the DI system on EAST reaches a density resolution of less than1.8×10^(-2)πrad and a temporal resolution of 20μs.The measurements made by the POlarimeterINTerferometer(POINT)system and the far-infrared hydrogen cyanide(HCN)interferometer are remarkably consistent with the DI’s results.The possibility of fringe jumps and the impact of refraction in high-density discharge can be significantly decreased using a shorter wavelength laser source.A rapid density change of 3×10^(19)m^(-3)during 0.15 s has been measured accurately in shot No.114755 of EAST.Additionally,the DI system demonstrates dependability and stability under 305 s long-pulse discharges in shot No.122054.展开更多
In clinical practice,the microscopic examination of urine sediment is considered an important in vitro examination with many broad applications.Measuring the amount of each type of urine sediment allows for screening,...In clinical practice,the microscopic examination of urine sediment is considered an important in vitro examination with many broad applications.Measuring the amount of each type of urine sediment allows for screening,diagnosis and evaluation of kidney and urinary tract disease,providing insight into the specific type and severity.However,manual urine sediment examination is labor-intensive,time-consuming,and subjective.Traditional machine learning based object detection methods require hand-crafted features for localization and classification,which have poor generalization capabilities and are difficult to quickly and accurately detect the number of urine sediments.Deep learning based object detection methods have the potential to address the challenges mentioned above,but these methods require access to large urine sediment image datasets.Unfortunately,only a limited number of publicly available urine sediment datasets are currently available.To alleviate the lack of urine sediment datasets in medical image analysis,we propose a new dataset named UriSed2K,which contains 2465 high-quality images annotated with expert guidance.Two main challenges are associated with our dataset:a large number of small objects and the occlusion between these small objects.Our manuscript focuses on applying deep learning object detection methods to the urine sediment dataset and addressing the challenges presented by this dataset.Specifically,our goal is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the detection algorithm and,in doing so,provide medical professionals with an automatic detector that saves time and effort.We propose an improved lightweight one-stage object detection algorithm called Discriminatory-YOLO.The proposed algorithm comprises a local context attention module and a global background suppression module,which aid the detector in distinguishing urine sediment features in the image.The local context attention module captures context information beyond the object region,while the global background suppression module emphasizes objects in uninformative backgrounds.We comprehensively evaluate our method on the UriSed2K dataset,which includes seven categories of urine sediments,such as erythrocytes(red blood cells),leukocytes(white blood cells),epithelial cells,crystals,mycetes,broken erythrocytes,and broken leukocytes,achieving the best average precision(AP)of 95.3%while taking only 10 ms per image.The source code and dataset are available at https://github.com/binghuiwu98/discriminatoryyolov5.展开更多
胆红素氧化终产物(Bilirubin oxidation end products,Boxes)是影响高胆红素血症/高胆红素脑脊液疾病发生和发展的重要因子。目前有关Boxes对炎症反应的影响尚不清楚。为了研究Boxes是如何调控炎症反应的,我们以脂多糖(Lipopolysacchari...胆红素氧化终产物(Bilirubin oxidation end products,Boxes)是影响高胆红素血症/高胆红素脑脊液疾病发生和发展的重要因子。目前有关Boxes对炎症反应的影响尚不清楚。为了研究Boxes是如何调控炎症反应的,我们以脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)作为炎性诱导因子,以Boxes作为干扰因素,观察了Boxes对小鼠巨噬细胞、树突状细胞功能的影响。结果发现Boxes对树突状细胞分泌的肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)和白介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)并没有影响,但可以显著减少巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-1β、CXCL10、iNOS,Cox-2等炎性因子的表达。这个影响是通过下调MAPK/NF-κB信号通路实现的。因此,胆红素氧化终产物是通过巨噬细胞而不是树突状细胞影响炎症反应的。展开更多
Three-dimensional-structured metal oxides have myriad applications for optoelectronic devices.Comparing to conventional lithography-based manufacturing methods which face significant challenges for 3D device architect...Three-dimensional-structured metal oxides have myriad applications for optoelectronic devices.Comparing to conventional lithography-based manufacturing methods which face significant challenges for 3D device architectures,additive manufacturing approaches such as direct ink writing offer convenient,on-demand manufacturing of 3D oxides with high resolutions down to sub-micrometer scales.However,the lack of a universal ink design strategy greatly limits the choices of printable oxides.Here,a universal,facile synthetic strategy is developed for direct ink writable polymer precursor inks based on metal-polymer coordination effect.Specifically,polyethyleneimine functionalized by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is employed as the polymer matrix for adsorbing targeted metal ions.Next,glucose is introduced as a crosslinker for endowing the polymer precursor inks with a thermosetting property required for 3D printing via the Maillard reaction.For demonstrations,binary(i.e.,ZnO,CuO,In_(2)O_(3),Ga_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Y_(2)O_(3)) and ternary metal oxides(i.e.,BaTiO_(3) and SrTiO_(3)) are printed into 3D architectures with sub-micrometer resolution by extruding the inks through ultrafine nozzles.Upon thermal crosslinking and pyrolysis,the 3D microarchitectures with woodpile geometries exhibit strong light-matter coupling in the mid-infrared region.The design strategy for printable inks opens a new pathway toward 3D-printed optoelectronic devices based on functional oxides.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFB3504305,2019YFC1905802)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078030)+2 种基金Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1802255)Key Project of Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control(2011DA105287-zd201902)Three Gorges Laboratory Open Fund of Hubei Province(SK211009,SK215001).
文摘Elliptical tanks were used as an alternative to circular tanks in order to improve mixing efficiency and reduce mixing time in unbaffled stirred tanks(USTs). Five different aspect ratios of elliptical vessels were designed to compare their mixing time and flow field. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations were performed using the k–ε model to calculate the mixing time and simulate turbulent flow field features, such as streamline shape, velocity distribution, vortex core region distribution, and turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) transfer. Visualization was also carried out to track the tinctorial evolution of the liquid phase. Results reveal that elliptical stirred tanks can significantly improve mixing performance in USTs. Specifically, the mixing time at an aspect ratio of 2.00 is only 45.3% of the one of a circular stirred tank. Furthermore, the secondary flow is strengthened and the vortex core region increases with the increase of aspect ratio. The axial velocity is more sensitive to the aspect ratio than the circumferential and radial velocity. Additionally, the TKE transfer in elliptical vessels is altered. These findings suggest that elliptical vessels offer a promising alternative to circular vessels for enhancing mixing performance in USTs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12334020 and 11927810)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3904001).
文摘We construct a power enhancement cavity to form an optical lattice in an ytterbium optical clock.It is demonstrated that the intra-cavity lattice power can be increased by about 45 times,and the trap depth can be as large as 1400Er when laser light with a power of only 0.6 W incident to the lattice cavity.Such high trap depths are the key to accurate evaluation of the lattice-induced light shift with an uncertainty down to~1×10-18.By probing the ytterbium atoms trapped in the power-enhanced optical lattice,we obtain a 4.3 Hz-linewidth Rabi spectrum,which is then used to feedback to the clock laser for the close loop operation of the optical lattice clock.We evaluate the density shift of the Yb optical lattice clock based on interleaving measurements,which is-0.46(62)mHz.This result is smaller compared to the density shift of our first Yb optical clock without lattice power enhancement cavity mainly due to a larger lattice diameter of 344μm.
基金supported by the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(No.2018-000052-7301-001228)the Major Special Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province(No.912188707023)。
文摘A dispersion interferometer(DI)has been installed and operates on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).This DI system utilizes a continuous-wave 9.3μm CO_(2)laser source to measure line-averaged electron densities accurately.In contrast to conventional interferometers,the DI does not require substantial vibration isolations or compensating systems to reduce the impact of vibrations in the optical path.It also employs a ratio of modulation amplitudes,ensuring it remains immune to the variations in detected intensities.Without a variation compensation system,the DI system on EAST reaches a density resolution of less than1.8×10^(-2)πrad and a temporal resolution of 20μs.The measurements made by the POlarimeterINTerferometer(POINT)system and the far-infrared hydrogen cyanide(HCN)interferometer are remarkably consistent with the DI’s results.The possibility of fringe jumps and the impact of refraction in high-density discharge can be significantly decreased using a shorter wavelength laser source.A rapid density change of 3×10^(19)m^(-3)during 0.15 s has been measured accurately in shot No.114755 of EAST.Additionally,the DI system demonstrates dependability and stability under 305 s long-pulse discharges in shot No.122054.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61906168,U20A20171)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LY23F020023,LY21F020027)Construction of Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Intelligent Visual Monitoring of Hydropower Projects(Grant Nos.2022SDSJ01).
文摘In clinical practice,the microscopic examination of urine sediment is considered an important in vitro examination with many broad applications.Measuring the amount of each type of urine sediment allows for screening,diagnosis and evaluation of kidney and urinary tract disease,providing insight into the specific type and severity.However,manual urine sediment examination is labor-intensive,time-consuming,and subjective.Traditional machine learning based object detection methods require hand-crafted features for localization and classification,which have poor generalization capabilities and are difficult to quickly and accurately detect the number of urine sediments.Deep learning based object detection methods have the potential to address the challenges mentioned above,but these methods require access to large urine sediment image datasets.Unfortunately,only a limited number of publicly available urine sediment datasets are currently available.To alleviate the lack of urine sediment datasets in medical image analysis,we propose a new dataset named UriSed2K,which contains 2465 high-quality images annotated with expert guidance.Two main challenges are associated with our dataset:a large number of small objects and the occlusion between these small objects.Our manuscript focuses on applying deep learning object detection methods to the urine sediment dataset and addressing the challenges presented by this dataset.Specifically,our goal is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the detection algorithm and,in doing so,provide medical professionals with an automatic detector that saves time and effort.We propose an improved lightweight one-stage object detection algorithm called Discriminatory-YOLO.The proposed algorithm comprises a local context attention module and a global background suppression module,which aid the detector in distinguishing urine sediment features in the image.The local context attention module captures context information beyond the object region,while the global background suppression module emphasizes objects in uninformative backgrounds.We comprehensively evaluate our method on the UriSed2K dataset,which includes seven categories of urine sediments,such as erythrocytes(red blood cells),leukocytes(white blood cells),epithelial cells,crystals,mycetes,broken erythrocytes,and broken leukocytes,achieving the best average precision(AP)of 95.3%while taking only 10 ms per image.The source code and dataset are available at https://github.com/binghuiwu98/discriminatoryyolov5.
基金financial support of this research by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51905446)the Research Center for Industries of the Future (RCIF) at Westlake University for partially supporting this work。
文摘Three-dimensional-structured metal oxides have myriad applications for optoelectronic devices.Comparing to conventional lithography-based manufacturing methods which face significant challenges for 3D device architectures,additive manufacturing approaches such as direct ink writing offer convenient,on-demand manufacturing of 3D oxides with high resolutions down to sub-micrometer scales.However,the lack of a universal ink design strategy greatly limits the choices of printable oxides.Here,a universal,facile synthetic strategy is developed for direct ink writable polymer precursor inks based on metal-polymer coordination effect.Specifically,polyethyleneimine functionalized by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is employed as the polymer matrix for adsorbing targeted metal ions.Next,glucose is introduced as a crosslinker for endowing the polymer precursor inks with a thermosetting property required for 3D printing via the Maillard reaction.For demonstrations,binary(i.e.,ZnO,CuO,In_(2)O_(3),Ga_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Y_(2)O_(3)) and ternary metal oxides(i.e.,BaTiO_(3) and SrTiO_(3)) are printed into 3D architectures with sub-micrometer resolution by extruding the inks through ultrafine nozzles.Upon thermal crosslinking and pyrolysis,the 3D microarchitectures with woodpile geometries exhibit strong light-matter coupling in the mid-infrared region.The design strategy for printable inks opens a new pathway toward 3D-printed optoelectronic devices based on functional oxides.
