Byzantine agreement,the underlying core of blockchain,aims to make every node in a decentralized network reach consensus.Classical Byzantine agreements unavoidably face two major problems.One is 1/3 fault-tolerance bo...Byzantine agreement,the underlying core of blockchain,aims to make every node in a decentralized network reach consensus.Classical Byzantine agreements unavoidably face two major problems.One is 1/3 fault-tolerance bound,which means that the system to tolerate f malicious players requires at least 3f+1 players.The other is the security loopholes from its classical cryptography methods.Here,we propose a Byzantine agreement framework with unconditional security to break this bound with nearly 1/2 fault tolerance due to multiparty correlation provided by quantum digital signatures.It is intriguing that quantum entanglement is not necessary to break the 1/3 fault-tolerance bound,and we show that weaker correlation,such as asymmetric relationship of quantum digital signature,can also work.Our work strictly obeys two Byzantine conditions and can be extended to any number of players without requirements for multiparticle entanglement.We experimentally demonstrate three-party and five-party consensus for a digital ledger.Our work indicates the quantum advantage in terms of consensus problems and suggests an important avenue for quantum blockchain and quantum consensus networks.展开更多
Despite the optimal therapeutic protocols of cesarean scar pregnancy （CSP） has not been established, and in the majority of cases, most of women＇s uterus and fertility can be preserved through prompt and active tre...Despite the optimal therapeutic protocols of cesarean scar pregnancy （CSP） has not been established, and in the majority of cases, most of women＇s uterus and fertility can be preserved through prompt and active treatment. But due to the rarity of CSP, little is known about the outcome of subsequent pregnancies, especially in an even rarer situation, a recurrent CSP. We report 2 cases of recurrent CSP women who want to preserve their fertility treated by repeated uterine artery embolization and provide a review of the literatures.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.12274223)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(no.BK20211145)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.020414380182)the Key Research and Development Program of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area(no.ZDYD20210101)the Program for Innovative Talents and Entrepreneurs in Jiangsu(no.JSSCRC2021484).
文摘Byzantine agreement,the underlying core of blockchain,aims to make every node in a decentralized network reach consensus.Classical Byzantine agreements unavoidably face two major problems.One is 1/3 fault-tolerance bound,which means that the system to tolerate f malicious players requires at least 3f+1 players.The other is the security loopholes from its classical cryptography methods.Here,we propose a Byzantine agreement framework with unconditional security to break this bound with nearly 1/2 fault tolerance due to multiparty correlation provided by quantum digital signatures.It is intriguing that quantum entanglement is not necessary to break the 1/3 fault-tolerance bound,and we show that weaker correlation,such as asymmetric relationship of quantum digital signature,can also work.Our work strictly obeys two Byzantine conditions and can be extended to any number of players without requirements for multiparticle entanglement.We experimentally demonstrate three-party and five-party consensus for a digital ledger.Our work indicates the quantum advantage in terms of consensus problems and suggests an important avenue for quantum blockchain and quantum consensus networks.
基金supported by Medical Science and Technology Research Fund of Guangdong(No.B2013063)
文摘Despite the optimal therapeutic protocols of cesarean scar pregnancy （CSP） has not been established, and in the majority of cases, most of women＇s uterus and fertility can be preserved through prompt and active treatment. But due to the rarity of CSP, little is known about the outcome of subsequent pregnancies, especially in an even rarer situation, a recurrent CSP. We report 2 cases of recurrent CSP women who want to preserve their fertility treated by repeated uterine artery embolization and provide a review of the literatures.
