Due to the increasing global population and limited land resources, continuous cropping has become common. However, after a few years of continuous cropping, obstacles often arise that cause soil degeneration, decreas...Due to the increasing global population and limited land resources, continuous cropping has become common. However, after a few years of continuous cropping, obstacles often arise that cause soil degeneration, decreased crop yield and quality, and increased disease incidence, resulting in significant economic losses. It is essential to understand the causes and mitigation mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles(CCOs) and then develop appropriate methods to overcome them. This review systematically summarizes the causes and mitigation measures of soil degradation in continuous cropping through a meta-analysis. It was concluded that not all continuous cropping systems are prone to CCOs. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the principles governing the occurrence of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens in different cropping systems, consider plant–soil-organisms interactions as a system, scientifically regulate the physical and chemical properties of soils from a systems perspective, and then regulate the structure of microbial food webs in the soil to achieve a reduction in diseases caused by soilborne pathogens and increase crop yield ultimately. This review provides reference data and guidance for addressing this fundamental problem.展开更多
With high rates of food and nonrenewable fossil fuel consumption worldwide,we are facing great challenges in ensuring food and energy security to satisfy the world population.Intercropping,as an important and sustaina...With high rates of food and nonrenewable fossil fuel consumption worldwide,we are facing great challenges in ensuring food and energy security to satisfy the world population.Intercropping,as an important and sustainable cropping practice in agroecosystems,has been widely practiced around the world.Many studies have shown that some plants can deliver high yields when intercropped with other plants.Here,we review the biological mechanisms in improving resource utilization efficiency and illustrate the practical application of intercropping in ensuring food and energy security through improving production.Identifying suitable energy plants for marginal land,land not suitable for food crops growth,is an effective strategy to acquire high production of bioenergy,thus removing competition between the use of land for food and energy.The effective application of intercropping provides a potential pathway for production of food crops and energy plants by improving resource use efficiency and resistance to environmental stress.展开更多
Healthy soils are essential for sustainableagricultural development and soil health requires carefulassessment with increasing societal concern over envir-onmentally friendly agricultural development. Soil healthis th...Healthy soils are essential for sustainableagricultural development and soil health requires carefulassessment with increasing societal concern over envir-onmentally friendly agricultural development. Soil healthis the capacity of soil to function within ecologicalboundaries to sustain productivity, maintain environmentalquality, and promote plant and animal health. Physical,chemical and biological indicators are used to evaluate soilhealth;the biological indicators include microbes, proto-zoa and metazoa. Nematodes are the most abundantmetazoa and they vary in their sensitivity to pollutants andenvironmental disturbance. Soil nematode communitiesare useful biological indicators of soil health, withcommunity characteristics such as abundance, diversity,community structure and metabolic footprint all closelycorrelated with the soil environment. The community size,complexity and structure reflect the condition of the soil.Both free-living and plant parasitic nematodes are effec-tive ecological indicators, contributing to nutrient cyclingand having important roles as primary, secondary andtertiary consumers in food webs. Tillage inversion,cropping patterns and nutrient management may havestrong effects on soil nematodes, with changes in soilnematode communities reflecting soil disturbance. Somefree-living nematodes serve as biological models to testsoil condition in the laboratory and because of theseadvantages soil nematodes are increasingly being used asbiological indicators of soil health.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1901500, 2022YFD1901501, and 2023YFD1700203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32372810 and 32102469)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Major Project of Yunnan Province of China (202102AE090053)the Science and Technology Training Program (202305AF150055)。
文摘Due to the increasing global population and limited land resources, continuous cropping has become common. However, after a few years of continuous cropping, obstacles often arise that cause soil degeneration, decreased crop yield and quality, and increased disease incidence, resulting in significant economic losses. It is essential to understand the causes and mitigation mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles(CCOs) and then develop appropriate methods to overcome them. This review systematically summarizes the causes and mitigation measures of soil degradation in continuous cropping through a meta-analysis. It was concluded that not all continuous cropping systems are prone to CCOs. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the principles governing the occurrence of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens in different cropping systems, consider plant–soil-organisms interactions as a system, scientifically regulate the physical and chemical properties of soils from a systems perspective, and then regulate the structure of microbial food webs in the soil to achieve a reduction in diseases caused by soilborne pathogens and increase crop yield ultimately. This review provides reference data and guidance for addressing this fundamental problem.
基金National Sciencetechnology Support Plan Projects of China(2013BAD22B02)for financial support.
文摘With high rates of food and nonrenewable fossil fuel consumption worldwide,we are facing great challenges in ensuring food and energy security to satisfy the world population.Intercropping,as an important and sustainable cropping practice in agroecosystems,has been widely practiced around the world.Many studies have shown that some plants can deliver high yields when intercropped with other plants.Here,we review the biological mechanisms in improving resource utilization efficiency and illustrate the practical application of intercropping in ensuring food and energy security through improving production.Identifying suitable energy plants for marginal land,land not suitable for food crops growth,is an effective strategy to acquire high production of bioenergy,thus removing competition between the use of land for food and energy.The effective application of intercropping provides a potential pathway for production of food crops and energy plants by improving resource use efficiency and resistance to environmental stress.
基金the National KeyResearch and Development Program of China (2017YFD0202102,2016YFD0200405, and 2016YFE0101100).
文摘Healthy soils are essential for sustainableagricultural development and soil health requires carefulassessment with increasing societal concern over envir-onmentally friendly agricultural development. Soil healthis the capacity of soil to function within ecologicalboundaries to sustain productivity, maintain environmentalquality, and promote plant and animal health. Physical,chemical and biological indicators are used to evaluate soilhealth;the biological indicators include microbes, proto-zoa and metazoa. Nematodes are the most abundantmetazoa and they vary in their sensitivity to pollutants andenvironmental disturbance. Soil nematode communitiesare useful biological indicators of soil health, withcommunity characteristics such as abundance, diversity,community structure and metabolic footprint all closelycorrelated with the soil environment. The community size,complexity and structure reflect the condition of the soil.Both free-living and plant parasitic nematodes are effec-tive ecological indicators, contributing to nutrient cyclingand having important roles as primary, secondary andtertiary consumers in food webs. Tillage inversion,cropping patterns and nutrient management may havestrong effects on soil nematodes, with changes in soilnematode communities reflecting soil disturbance. Somefree-living nematodes serve as biological models to testsoil condition in the laboratory and because of theseadvantages soil nematodes are increasingly being used asbiological indicators of soil health.
