The current resource allocation in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication faces several challenges,such as low user utilization,unbalanced resource allocation,and extended adaptive allocation time.We pro...The current resource allocation in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication faces several challenges,such as low user utilization,unbalanced resource allocation,and extended adaptive allocation time.We propose an adaptive allocation algorithm for mobile cloud communication resources in 5G vehicular networks to address these issues.This study analyzes the components of the 5G vehicular network architecture to determine the performance of different components.It is ascertained that the communication modes in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication include in-band and out-of-band modes.Furthermore,this study analyzes the single-hop and multi-hop modes in mobile cloud communication and calculates the resource transmission rate and bandwidth in different communication modes.The study also determines the scenario of one-way and two-way vehicle lane cloud communication network connectivity,calculates the probability of vehicle network connectivity under different mobile cloud communication radii,and determines the amount of cloud communication resources required by vehicles in different lane scenarios.Based on the communication status of users in 5G vehicular networks,this study calculates the bandwidth and transmission rate of the allocated channels using Shannon’s formula.It determines the adaptive allocation of cloud communication resources,introduces an objective function to obtain the optimal solution after allocation,and completes the adaptive allocation process.The experimental results demonstrate that,with the application of the proposed method,the maximum utilization of user communication resources reaches approximately 99%.The balance coefficient curve approaches 1,and the allocation time remains under 2 s.This indicates that the proposed method has higher adaptive allocation efficiency.展开更多
Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai‘Whangkeumbae'is a sand pear fruit with excellent nutritional quality and taste.However,the industrial development of pear fruit is significantly limited by its short shelf life.Salicylic aci...Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai‘Whangkeumbae'is a sand pear fruit with excellent nutritional quality and taste.However,the industrial development of pear fruit is significantly limited by its short shelf life.Salicylic acid(SA),a well-known phytohormone,can delay fruit senescence and improve shelf life.However,the mechanism by which SA regulates CONSTANS-LIKE genes(COLs)during fruit senescence and the role of COL genes in mediating fruit senescence in sand pear are poorly understood.In this study,22 COL genes were identified in sand pear,including four COLs(Pp COL8,Pp COL9a,Pp COL9b,and Pp COL14)identified via transcriptome analysis and 18 COLs through genome-wide analysis.These COL genes were divided into three subgroups according to the structural domains of the COL protein.Pp COL8,with two B-box motifs and one CCT domain,belonged to the first subgroup.In contrast,the other three Pp COLs,Pp COL9a,Pp COL9b,and Pp COL14,with similar conserved protein domains and gene structures,were assigned to the third subgroup.The four COLs showed different expression patterns in pear tissues and were preferentially expressed at the early stage of fruit development.Moreover,the expression of Pp COL8 was inhibited by exogenous SA treatment,while SA up-regulated the expression of Pp COL9a and Pp COL9b.Interestingly,Pp COL8 interacts with Pp MADS,a MADS-box protein preferentially expressed in fruit,and SA up-regulated its expression.While the production of ethylene and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)were increased in Pp COL8-overexpression sand pear fruit,the antioxidant enzyme(POD and SOD)activity and the expression of Pp POD1 and Pp SOD1 in the sand pear fruits were down-regulated,which showed that Pp COL8 promoted sand pear fruit senescence.In contrast,the corresponding changes were the opposite in Pp MADS-overexpression sand pear fruits,suggesting that Pp MADS delayed sand pear fruit senescence.The co-transformation of Pp COL8 and Pp MADS also delayed sand pear fruit senescence.The results of this study revealed that Pp COL8 can play a key role in pear fruit senescence by interacting with Pp MADS through the SA signaling pathway.展开更多
Granular segregation is widely observed in nature and industry.Most research has focused on segregation caused by differences in the size and density of spherical grains.However,due to the fact that grains typically h...Granular segregation is widely observed in nature and industry.Most research has focused on segregation caused by differences in the size and density of spherical grains.However,due to the fact that grains typically have different shapes,the focus is shifting towards shape segregation.In this study,experiments are conducted by mixing cubic and spherical grains.The results indicate that spherical grains gather at the center and cubic grains are distributed around them,and the degree of segregation is low.Through experiments,a structured analysis of local regions is conducted to explain the inability to form stable segregation patterns with obviously different geometric shapes.Further,through simulations,the reasons for the central and peripheral distributions are explained by comparing velocities and the number of collisions of the grains in the flow layer.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of acupotomy on skeletal muscle fibrosis and collagen deposition in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model.Methods: Rabbits(n=18)were randomly divided into control,KOA,and KOA+acup...Objective:To investigate the effects of acupotomy on skeletal muscle fibrosis and collagen deposition in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model.Methods: Rabbits(n=18)were randomly divided into control,KOA,and KOA+acupotomy(Apo)groups(n=6).The rabbits in the KOA and Apo groups were modeled using the modified Videman's method for 6 weeks.After modeling,the Apo group was subjected to acupotomy once a week for 3 weeks on the vastus medialis,vastus lateralis,rectus femoris,biceps femoris,and anserine bursa tendons around the knee.The behavior of all animals was recorded,rectus femoris tissue was obtained,and histomorphological changes were observed using Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad 3,Smad 7,fibrillar collagen types I(Col-I)and III(Col-III)was detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results: Histological analysis revealed that acupotomy improved the microstructure and reduced the collagen volume fraction of rectus femoris,compared with the KOA group(P=.034).Acupotomy inhibited abnormal collagen deposition by modulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and mRNA,thus preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis.Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that in the Apo group,Col-I,and Col-III protein levels were significantly lower than those in the KOA group(both P<.01),same as Col-I and Col-III mRNA levels(P=.0031;P=.0046).Compared with the KOA group,the protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 were significantly reduced(both P<.01),as were the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3(P=.0007;P=.0011).Conversely,the levels of protein and mRNA of Smad 7 were significantly higher than that in the KOA group(P<.01;P=.0271).Conclusion: Acupotomy could alleviate skeletal muscle fibrosis and delay KOA progress by inhibiting collagen deposition through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in the skeletal muscle of KOA rabbits.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish the chromatographic fingerprint of Gancao Qinlian Extracts(GQE)and reveal the possible material basis of the anti-inflammatory effect of GQE by the correlation analysis between the fingerprint...[Objectives]To establish the chromatographic fingerprint of Gancao Qinlian Extracts(GQE)and reveal the possible material basis of the anti-inflammatory effect of GQE by the correlation analysis between the fingerprint chromatographic peaks of different components of GQE and its anti-inflammatory activity.[Methods]Ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the different ingredients of GQE to establish its chromatographic fingerprint and analyze the differences among the three medicine components;LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells to construct an inflammatory cell model.The NO secretion of cells was detected by the Griess method.ELISA was used to detect the changes in TNF-αand IL-10 contents.RT-qPCR tested the mRNA expression levels of TNF-αand IL-10.Grey relational analysis was carried out by combining fingerprint chromatographic peak data and anti-inflammatory activity data.[Results]The GQE fingerprint was established,34 fingerprint characteristic peaks were calibrated,and 33 related chromatographic peaks were screened out.The corresponding chromatographic peaks in the three components were obtained,and the content of the components was calculated;the anti-inflammatory results showed that the content of NO,TNF-α,and the expression of TNF-αmRNA in the high and medium-dose groups of GQE were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01).The NO content and TNF-αmRNA expression in the high-dose group of GQE I was considerably lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01).The secretion of NO,TNF-α,and the expression of TNF-αmRNA in the high,medium,and low dose groups of GQE II were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01);the results of grey relational analysis showed that the correlation degree of the three components was GQE II>GQE>GQE I,and the characteristic fingerprint peaks 12,15,22,23,28,31,33 may be closely related to the anti-inflammatory effect.[Conclusions]The best component of the anti-inflammatory effect in GQE is water-soluble component,and its main components are flavonoids and alkaloids.These components can alleviate cellular inflammatory damage by inhibiting the excessive secretion of NO and reducing the expression of TNF-αmRNA.展开更多
针对人工势场(Artificial Potential Field,APF)法对机械手进行路径规划时存在的问题,提出了关节空间APF自适应变步长和目标偏置的快速扩展随机树(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree,RRT)相结合的方法。在关节空间中进行APF法路径规划,减...针对人工势场(Artificial Potential Field,APF)法对机械手进行路径规划时存在的问题,提出了关节空间APF自适应变步长和目标偏置的快速扩展随机树(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree,RRT)相结合的方法。在关节空间中进行APF法路径规划,减少逆向运动学次数和关节角突变;通过改进斥力和引力势场函数,解决APF法中碰撞和目标不可达问题;采用柯西概率分布,根据末端点与障碍物的距离来改变关节角步长;通过调节RRT算法的目标偏置值,产生合适临时目标点,从而解决APF法局部极小值问题。在APF法存在局部极小值情况下进行机械臂避障仿真,结果表明,自适应变步长路径规划能够生成平滑轨迹并能提高搜索效率,目标偏置RRT选取临时目标点后整体路径长度变短。捡拾机械手在该改进算法下能够有效实现避障拾取任务需求。展开更多
Van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs) are showing considerable potential in both fundamental exploration and practical applications. Built upon the synthetic successes of(two-dimensional) 2D materials, several synthet...Van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs) are showing considerable potential in both fundamental exploration and practical applications. Built upon the synthetic successes of(two-dimensional) 2D materials, several synthetic strategies of vdWHs have been developed,allowing the convenient fabrication of diverse vdWHs with decent controllability, quality, and scalability. This review first summarizes the current state of the art in synthetic strategies of vdWHs, including physical combination, deposition, solvothermal synthesis, and synchronous evolution. Then three major applications and their representative vdWH devices have been reviewed, including electronics(tunneling field effect transistors and 2D contact),optoelectronics(photodetector), and energy conversion(electrocatalysts and metal ion batteries), to unveil the potentials of vdWHs in practical applications and provide the general design principles of functional vdWHs for different applications. Besides, moiré superlattices based on vdWHs are discussed to showcase the importance of vdWHs as a platform for novel condensed matter physics. Finally, the crucial challenges towards ideal vdWHs with high performance are discussed, and the outlook for future development is presented. By the systematical integration of synthetic strategies and applications, we hope this review can further light up the rational designs of vdWHs for emerging applications.展开更多
基金This research was supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province,China(Nos.GJJ2206701,GJJ2206717).
文摘The current resource allocation in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication faces several challenges,such as low user utilization,unbalanced resource allocation,and extended adaptive allocation time.We propose an adaptive allocation algorithm for mobile cloud communication resources in 5G vehicular networks to address these issues.This study analyzes the components of the 5G vehicular network architecture to determine the performance of different components.It is ascertained that the communication modes in 5G vehicular networks for mobile cloud communication include in-band and out-of-band modes.Furthermore,this study analyzes the single-hop and multi-hop modes in mobile cloud communication and calculates the resource transmission rate and bandwidth in different communication modes.The study also determines the scenario of one-way and two-way vehicle lane cloud communication network connectivity,calculates the probability of vehicle network connectivity under different mobile cloud communication radii,and determines the amount of cloud communication resources required by vehicles in different lane scenarios.Based on the communication status of users in 5G vehicular networks,this study calculates the bandwidth and transmission rate of the allocated channels using Shannon’s formula.It determines the adaptive allocation of cloud communication resources,introduces an objective function to obtain the optimal solution after allocation,and completes the adaptive allocation process.The experimental results demonstrate that,with the application of the proposed method,the maximum utilization of user communication resources reaches approximately 99%.The balance coefficient curve approaches 1,and the allocation time remains under 2 s.This indicates that the proposed method has higher adaptive allocation efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272654)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province China(C2023204016)+2 种基金the Hebei Province Introduced Overseas-Scholar Fund China(C20220361)the S&T Program of Hebei China(20326330D)the Hebei Province Outstanding Youth Fund China(2016,2019)。
文摘Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai‘Whangkeumbae'is a sand pear fruit with excellent nutritional quality and taste.However,the industrial development of pear fruit is significantly limited by its short shelf life.Salicylic acid(SA),a well-known phytohormone,can delay fruit senescence and improve shelf life.However,the mechanism by which SA regulates CONSTANS-LIKE genes(COLs)during fruit senescence and the role of COL genes in mediating fruit senescence in sand pear are poorly understood.In this study,22 COL genes were identified in sand pear,including four COLs(Pp COL8,Pp COL9a,Pp COL9b,and Pp COL14)identified via transcriptome analysis and 18 COLs through genome-wide analysis.These COL genes were divided into three subgroups according to the structural domains of the COL protein.Pp COL8,with two B-box motifs and one CCT domain,belonged to the first subgroup.In contrast,the other three Pp COLs,Pp COL9a,Pp COL9b,and Pp COL14,with similar conserved protein domains and gene structures,were assigned to the third subgroup.The four COLs showed different expression patterns in pear tissues and were preferentially expressed at the early stage of fruit development.Moreover,the expression of Pp COL8 was inhibited by exogenous SA treatment,while SA up-regulated the expression of Pp COL9a and Pp COL9b.Interestingly,Pp COL8 interacts with Pp MADS,a MADS-box protein preferentially expressed in fruit,and SA up-regulated its expression.While the production of ethylene and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)were increased in Pp COL8-overexpression sand pear fruit,the antioxidant enzyme(POD and SOD)activity and the expression of Pp POD1 and Pp SOD1 in the sand pear fruits were down-regulated,which showed that Pp COL8 promoted sand pear fruit senescence.In contrast,the corresponding changes were the opposite in Pp MADS-overexpression sand pear fruits,suggesting that Pp MADS delayed sand pear fruit senescence.The co-transformation of Pp COL8 and Pp MADS also delayed sand pear fruit senescence.The results of this study revealed that Pp COL8 can play a key role in pear fruit senescence by interacting with Pp MADS through the SA signaling pathway.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12072200 and 12372384)。
文摘Granular segregation is widely observed in nature and industry.Most research has focused on segregation caused by differences in the size and density of spherical grains.However,due to the fact that grains typically have different shapes,the focus is shifting towards shape segregation.In this study,experiments are conducted by mixing cubic and spherical grains.The results indicate that spherical grains gather at the center and cubic grains are distributed around them,and the degree of segregation is low.Through experiments,a structured analysis of local regions is conducted to explain the inability to form stable segregation patterns with obviously different geometric shapes.Further,through simulations,the reasons for the central and peripheral distributions are explained by comparing velocities and the number of collisions of the grains in the flow layer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82074523)the National Natural Youth Science Foundation of China(82004448).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of acupotomy on skeletal muscle fibrosis and collagen deposition in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model.Methods: Rabbits(n=18)were randomly divided into control,KOA,and KOA+acupotomy(Apo)groups(n=6).The rabbits in the KOA and Apo groups were modeled using the modified Videman's method for 6 weeks.After modeling,the Apo group was subjected to acupotomy once a week for 3 weeks on the vastus medialis,vastus lateralis,rectus femoris,biceps femoris,and anserine bursa tendons around the knee.The behavior of all animals was recorded,rectus femoris tissue was obtained,and histomorphological changes were observed using Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad 3,Smad 7,fibrillar collagen types I(Col-I)and III(Col-III)was detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results: Histological analysis revealed that acupotomy improved the microstructure and reduced the collagen volume fraction of rectus femoris,compared with the KOA group(P=.034).Acupotomy inhibited abnormal collagen deposition by modulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and mRNA,thus preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis.Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that in the Apo group,Col-I,and Col-III protein levels were significantly lower than those in the KOA group(both P<.01),same as Col-I and Col-III mRNA levels(P=.0031;P=.0046).Compared with the KOA group,the protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 were significantly reduced(both P<.01),as were the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3(P=.0007;P=.0011).Conversely,the levels of protein and mRNA of Smad 7 were significantly higher than that in the KOA group(P<.01;P=.0271).Conclusion: Acupotomy could alleviate skeletal muscle fibrosis and delay KOA progress by inhibiting collagen deposition through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in the skeletal muscle of KOA rabbits.
基金Special Project of Performance-based Incentive and Guidance for Chongqing Research Institute(23510J)Pilot Science and Technology Project of National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs(NTCIP-XD/B12).
文摘[Objectives]To establish the chromatographic fingerprint of Gancao Qinlian Extracts(GQE)and reveal the possible material basis of the anti-inflammatory effect of GQE by the correlation analysis between the fingerprint chromatographic peaks of different components of GQE and its anti-inflammatory activity.[Methods]Ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the different ingredients of GQE to establish its chromatographic fingerprint and analyze the differences among the three medicine components;LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells to construct an inflammatory cell model.The NO secretion of cells was detected by the Griess method.ELISA was used to detect the changes in TNF-αand IL-10 contents.RT-qPCR tested the mRNA expression levels of TNF-αand IL-10.Grey relational analysis was carried out by combining fingerprint chromatographic peak data and anti-inflammatory activity data.[Results]The GQE fingerprint was established,34 fingerprint characteristic peaks were calibrated,and 33 related chromatographic peaks were screened out.The corresponding chromatographic peaks in the three components were obtained,and the content of the components was calculated;the anti-inflammatory results showed that the content of NO,TNF-α,and the expression of TNF-αmRNA in the high and medium-dose groups of GQE were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01).The NO content and TNF-αmRNA expression in the high-dose group of GQE I was considerably lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01).The secretion of NO,TNF-α,and the expression of TNF-αmRNA in the high,medium,and low dose groups of GQE II were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01);the results of grey relational analysis showed that the correlation degree of the three components was GQE II>GQE>GQE I,and the characteristic fingerprint peaks 12,15,22,23,28,31,33 may be closely related to the anti-inflammatory effect.[Conclusions]The best component of the anti-inflammatory effect in GQE is water-soluble component,and its main components are flavonoids and alkaloids.These components can alleviate cellular inflammatory damage by inhibiting the excessive secretion of NO and reducing the expression of TNF-αmRNA.
文摘针对人工势场(Artificial Potential Field,APF)法对机械手进行路径规划时存在的问题,提出了关节空间APF自适应变步长和目标偏置的快速扩展随机树(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree,RRT)相结合的方法。在关节空间中进行APF法路径规划,减少逆向运动学次数和关节角突变;通过改进斥力和引力势场函数,解决APF法中碰撞和目标不可达问题;采用柯西概率分布,根据末端点与障碍物的距离来改变关节角步长;通过调节RRT算法的目标偏置值,产生合适临时目标点,从而解决APF法局部极小值问题。在APF法存在局部极小值情况下进行机械臂避障仿真,结果表明,自适应变步长路径规划能够生成平滑轨迹并能提高搜索效率,目标偏置RRT选取临时目标点后整体路径长度变短。捡拾机械手在该改进算法下能够有效实现避障拾取任务需求。
基金support from the Grants (9229079, 9610482,7005468) from City University of Hong KongEarly Career Scheme Project 21302821 from Research Grants Council。
文摘Van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs) are showing considerable potential in both fundamental exploration and practical applications. Built upon the synthetic successes of(two-dimensional) 2D materials, several synthetic strategies of vdWHs have been developed,allowing the convenient fabrication of diverse vdWHs with decent controllability, quality, and scalability. This review first summarizes the current state of the art in synthetic strategies of vdWHs, including physical combination, deposition, solvothermal synthesis, and synchronous evolution. Then three major applications and their representative vdWH devices have been reviewed, including electronics(tunneling field effect transistors and 2D contact),optoelectronics(photodetector), and energy conversion(electrocatalysts and metal ion batteries), to unveil the potentials of vdWHs in practical applications and provide the general design principles of functional vdWHs for different applications. Besides, moiré superlattices based on vdWHs are discussed to showcase the importance of vdWHs as a platform for novel condensed matter physics. Finally, the crucial challenges towards ideal vdWHs with high performance are discussed, and the outlook for future development is presented. By the systematical integration of synthetic strategies and applications, we hope this review can further light up the rational designs of vdWHs for emerging applications.
