Leaf trait networks(LTNs)visualize the intricate linkages reflecting plant trait-functional coordination.Typical karst vegetation,developed from lithological dolomite and limestone,generally exhibits differential comm...Leaf trait networks(LTNs)visualize the intricate linkages reflecting plant trait-functional coordination.Typical karst vegetation,developed from lithological dolomite and limestone,generally exhibits differential communities,possibly due to habitat rock exposure,soil depth,and soil physicochemical properties variations,leading to a shift from plant trait variation to functional linkages.However,how soil and habitat quality affect the differentiation of leaf trait networks remains unclear.LTNs were constructed for typical dolomite and limestone habitats by analyzing twenty-one woody plant leaf traits across fifty-six forest subplots in karst mountains.The differences between dolomite and limestone LTNs were compared using network parameters.The network association of soil and habitat quality was analyzed using redundancy analysis(RDA),Mantle's test,and a random forest model.The limestone LTN exhibited significantly higher edge density with lower diameter and average path length when compared to the dolomite LTN.It indicates LTN differentiation,with the limestone network displaying a more compact architecture and higher connectivity than the dolomite network.The specific leaf phosphorus and leaf nitrogen contents of dolomite LTN,as well as the leaf mass and leaf carbon contents of limestone LTN,significantly contributed to network degree and closeness,serving as crucial node traits regulating LTN connectedness.Additionally,both habitat LTNs significantly correlated with soil nitrogen and phosphorus,stoichiometric ratios,pH,and organic carbon,as well as soil depth and rock exposure rates,with soil depth and rock exposure showing greater relative importance.Soil depth and rock exposure dominate trait network differentiation,with the limestone habitat exhibiting a more compact network architecture than the dolomite habitat.展开更多
Arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)fungi affect nutrient uptake for host plants,while it is unclear how AM fungi interacting with soil litter affect plant growth and nutrient utilization through mycorrhizal networks in karst s...Arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)fungi affect nutrient uptake for host plants,while it is unclear how AM fungi interacting with soil litter affect plant growth and nutrient utilization through mycorrhizal networks in karst soil of deficient nutrients beyond the rhizosphere.An experiment was conducted in a microcosm composed of a planting compartment for Cinnamomum camphora seedlings with or without Glomus mosseae fungus(M+vs.M−)and an adjacent litter compartment containing or not containing additional litter material of Arthraxon hispidus(L+vs.L−),where the compartments are connected either by nylon mesh of 20μm or 0.45μm which either allow available mycorrhizal networks within the litter compartment or prevent mycelium entering into the litter compartment(N+vs.N−).Plant biomass and nutrients were measured.The results showed that the addition of litter changed the symbiotic process in mycorrhizal colonization,spore,and hyphal density,which when in association with the host plant then affected the biomass,and accumulations of N(nitrogen)and P(phosphorus)in the individual plant as well as root,stem,and leaf respectively.AM fungi increased N and P accumulations and N/P ratio in individual plants and plant tissues.A decrease of the N/P ratio of the individual plant was observed when AM fungus interacted significantly with litter through mycorrhizal networks in the litter compartment.The results indicate that the C.camphora seedlings benefited from litter in nutrient utilization of N and P through the vary of N/P ratio when accessing mycorrhizal networks.These findings suggest that mycorrhizal networks interacting with litter improve growth and nutrients of N and P for plants through the vary of N/P ratio in order to alleviate nutrient limitation under karst soil.展开更多
Viral diseases have been studied in-depth for reducing quality,yield,health and longevity of the fruit,to highlight the economic losses.Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses are more devastating among all viruses...Viral diseases have been studied in-depth for reducing quality,yield,health and longevity of the fruit,to highlight the economic losses.Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses are more devastating among all viruses that infect fruit trees.One of the best examples is papaya ringspot virus(PRSV).It belongs to the genus Potyvirus and it is limited to cause diseases on the family Chenopodiaceae,Cucurbitaceae and Caricaceae.This virus has a serious threat to the production of papaya,which is famous for its high nutritional and pharmaceutical values.The plant parts such as leaves,latex,seeds,fruits,bark,peel and roots may contain the biological compound that can be isolated and used in pharmaceutical industries as a disease control.Viral disease symptoms consist of vein clearing and yellowing of young leaves.Distinctive ring spot patterns with concentric rings and spots on fruit reduce its quality and taste.The virus has two major strains P and W.The former cause disease in papaya and cucurbits while the later one in papaya.Virion comprises 94.4%protein,including a 36 kDa coat protein which is a component responsible for a non-persistent transmission through aphids,and 5.5%nucleic acid.Cross protection,development of transgenic crops,exploring the resistant sources and induction of pathogen derived resistance have been recorded as effective management of PRSV.Along with these practices reduced aphid population through insecticides and plant extracts have been found ecofriendly approaches to minimize the disease incidence.Adoption of transgenic crops is a big challenge for the success of disease resistant papaya crops.The aim of this review is to understand the genomic nature of PRSV,detection methods and the different advanced control methods.This review article will be helpful in developing the best management strategies for controlling PRSV.展开更多
Litter is the crucial carrier of soil nutrition transformation.The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi on nutrient acquisition in plants has been widely recognized.However,in nutrient-deficient karst habitat,...Litter is the crucial carrier of soil nutrition transformation.The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi on nutrient acquisition in plants has been widely recognized.However,in nutrient-deficient karst habitat,how competitive plants utilize nutrients regulated by AM fungi via litter remain largely unknown.The experimental treatments included the inoculation with or without Glomus etunicatum,the litter addition by the mixed leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera and Carpinus pubescens or no addition,and the competition through the intraspecific competition of B.papyrifera and C.pubescens,respectively,and the interspecific competition mixed both plants.AM fungi differently affected plant on nutrient acquisition,increasing nutrients acquisitions of B.papyrifera in intra-and interspecific competitions while decreasing for C.pubescens.Litter presented opposite influences on N acquisitions of both plants in interspecific competition with AM fungi,being positive for C.pubescens and negative for B.papyrifera,respectively.Under the interaction of AM fungi and litter,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)acquisitions by B.papyrifera and N acquisition by C.pubescens in interspecific competition were all greater than intraspecific competition.In the interspecific competition,the competitive ability of plants on nutrient absorption presented significant species difference,which of B.papyrifera on P and K was significantly increased,while was converse for C.pubescens on K.In conclusion,these results suggest that the interspecific competition presents greater nutrient facilitation compared with intraspecific competition through AM fungi interacting with litter for plants in karst soil.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC:32260268)the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province[(2021)General-455]the Guizhou Hundred-level Innovative Talents Project[Qian-ke-he platform talents(2020)6004-2].
文摘Leaf trait networks(LTNs)visualize the intricate linkages reflecting plant trait-functional coordination.Typical karst vegetation,developed from lithological dolomite and limestone,generally exhibits differential communities,possibly due to habitat rock exposure,soil depth,and soil physicochemical properties variations,leading to a shift from plant trait variation to functional linkages.However,how soil and habitat quality affect the differentiation of leaf trait networks remains unclear.LTNs were constructed for typical dolomite and limestone habitats by analyzing twenty-one woody plant leaf traits across fifty-six forest subplots in karst mountains.The differences between dolomite and limestone LTNs were compared using network parameters.The network association of soil and habitat quality was analyzed using redundancy analysis(RDA),Mantle's test,and a random forest model.The limestone LTN exhibited significantly higher edge density with lower diameter and average path length when compared to the dolomite LTN.It indicates LTN differentiation,with the limestone network displaying a more compact architecture and higher connectivity than the dolomite network.The specific leaf phosphorus and leaf nitrogen contents of dolomite LTN,as well as the leaf mass and leaf carbon contents of limestone LTN,significantly contributed to network degree and closeness,serving as crucial node traits regulating LTN connectedness.Additionally,both habitat LTNs significantly correlated with soil nitrogen and phosphorus,stoichiometric ratios,pH,and organic carbon,as well as soil depth and rock exposure rates,with soil depth and rock exposure showing greater relative importance.Soil depth and rock exposure dominate trait network differentiation,with the limestone habitat exhibiting a more compact network architecture than the dolomite habitat.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC:31660200,31660156,31360106,31700539)the First-class Disciplines Program on Ecology of Guizhou Province(GNYL[2017]007)+3 种基金the Guizhou High level(Hundred-level)Innovative Talents Project(Qian-ke-he platform talents[2020]6004)the Provincial Key Technologies R&D Program of Guizhou Province of China(NY[2014]3029,[2016]Zhi-cheng 2805)the Talent-platform Program of Guizhou Province([2017]5788,[2018]5781)the Doctor starts Fund Project of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine([2020]15).
文摘Arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)fungi affect nutrient uptake for host plants,while it is unclear how AM fungi interacting with soil litter affect plant growth and nutrient utilization through mycorrhizal networks in karst soil of deficient nutrients beyond the rhizosphere.An experiment was conducted in a microcosm composed of a planting compartment for Cinnamomum camphora seedlings with or without Glomus mosseae fungus(M+vs.M−)and an adjacent litter compartment containing or not containing additional litter material of Arthraxon hispidus(L+vs.L−),where the compartments are connected either by nylon mesh of 20μm or 0.45μm which either allow available mycorrhizal networks within the litter compartment or prevent mycelium entering into the litter compartment(N+vs.N−).Plant biomass and nutrients were measured.The results showed that the addition of litter changed the symbiotic process in mycorrhizal colonization,spore,and hyphal density,which when in association with the host plant then affected the biomass,and accumulations of N(nitrogen)and P(phosphorus)in the individual plant as well as root,stem,and leaf respectively.AM fungi increased N and P accumulations and N/P ratio in individual plants and plant tissues.A decrease of the N/P ratio of the individual plant was observed when AM fungus interacted significantly with litter through mycorrhizal networks in the litter compartment.The results indicate that the C.camphora seedlings benefited from litter in nutrient utilization of N and P through the vary of N/P ratio when accessing mycorrhizal networks.These findings suggest that mycorrhizal networks interacting with litter improve growth and nutrients of N and P for plants through the vary of N/P ratio in order to alleviate nutrient limitation under karst soil.
文摘Viral diseases have been studied in-depth for reducing quality,yield,health and longevity of the fruit,to highlight the economic losses.Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses are more devastating among all viruses that infect fruit trees.One of the best examples is papaya ringspot virus(PRSV).It belongs to the genus Potyvirus and it is limited to cause diseases on the family Chenopodiaceae,Cucurbitaceae and Caricaceae.This virus has a serious threat to the production of papaya,which is famous for its high nutritional and pharmaceutical values.The plant parts such as leaves,latex,seeds,fruits,bark,peel and roots may contain the biological compound that can be isolated and used in pharmaceutical industries as a disease control.Viral disease symptoms consist of vein clearing and yellowing of young leaves.Distinctive ring spot patterns with concentric rings and spots on fruit reduce its quality and taste.The virus has two major strains P and W.The former cause disease in papaya and cucurbits while the later one in papaya.Virion comprises 94.4%protein,including a 36 kDa coat protein which is a component responsible for a non-persistent transmission through aphids,and 5.5%nucleic acid.Cross protection,development of transgenic crops,exploring the resistant sources and induction of pathogen derived resistance have been recorded as effective management of PRSV.Along with these practices reduced aphid population through insecticides and plant extracts have been found ecofriendly approaches to minimize the disease incidence.Adoption of transgenic crops is a big challenge for the success of disease resistant papaya crops.The aim of this review is to understand the genomic nature of PRSV,detection methods and the different advanced control methods.This review article will be helpful in developing the best management strategies for controlling PRSV.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,31660156,31360106)the First-Class Disciplines Program on Ecology of Guizhou Province(GNYL[2017]007)+2 种基金the Guizhou Hundred-Level Innovative Talents Project(Qian-ke-he platform talents[2020]6004)the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province([2021]General-455,[2016]Supporting-2805)the Talent-platform Program of Guizhou Province([2017]5788,[2018]5781).
文摘Litter is the crucial carrier of soil nutrition transformation.The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi on nutrient acquisition in plants has been widely recognized.However,in nutrient-deficient karst habitat,how competitive plants utilize nutrients regulated by AM fungi via litter remain largely unknown.The experimental treatments included the inoculation with or without Glomus etunicatum,the litter addition by the mixed leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera and Carpinus pubescens or no addition,and the competition through the intraspecific competition of B.papyrifera and C.pubescens,respectively,and the interspecific competition mixed both plants.AM fungi differently affected plant on nutrient acquisition,increasing nutrients acquisitions of B.papyrifera in intra-and interspecific competitions while decreasing for C.pubescens.Litter presented opposite influences on N acquisitions of both plants in interspecific competition with AM fungi,being positive for C.pubescens and negative for B.papyrifera,respectively.Under the interaction of AM fungi and litter,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)acquisitions by B.papyrifera and N acquisition by C.pubescens in interspecific competition were all greater than intraspecific competition.In the interspecific competition,the competitive ability of plants on nutrient absorption presented significant species difference,which of B.papyrifera on P and K was significantly increased,while was converse for C.pubescens on K.In conclusion,these results suggest that the interspecific competition presents greater nutrient facilitation compared with intraspecific competition through AM fungi interacting with litter for plants in karst soil.
