After stroke,even high-functioning individuals may experience compromised bimanual coordination and fine motor dexterity,leading to reduced functional independence.Bilateral arm training has been proposed as a promisi...After stroke,even high-functioning individuals may experience compromised bimanual coordination and fine motor dexterity,leading to reduced functional independence.Bilateral arm training has been proposed as a promising intervention to address these deficits.However,the neural basis of the impairment of functional fine motor skills and their relationship to bimanual coordination performance in stroke patients remains unclear,limiting the development of more targeted interventions.To address this gap,our study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate cortical responses in patients after stroke as they perform functional tasks that engage fine motor control and coordination.Twenty-four high-functioning patients with ischemic stroke(7 women,17 men;mean age 64.75±10.84 years)participated in this cross-sectional observational study and completed four subtasks from the Purdue Pegboard Test,which measures unimanual and bimanual finger and hand dexterity.We found significant bilateral activation of the sensorimotor cortices during all Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks,with bimanual tasks inducing higher cortical activation than the assembly subtask.Importantly,patients with better bimanual coordination exhibited lower cortical activation during the other three Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks.Notably,the observed neural response patterns varied depending on the specific subtask.In the unaffected hand task,the differences were primarily observed in the ipsilesional hemisphere.In contrast,the bilateral sensorimotor cortices and the contralesional hemisphere played a more prominent role in the bimanual task and assembly task,respectively.While significant correlations were found between cortical activation and unimanual tasks,no significant correlations were observed with bimanual tasks.This study provides insights into the neural basis of bimanual coordination and fine motor skills in high-functioning patients after stroke,highlighting task-dependent neural responses.The findings also suggest that patients who exhibit better bimanual performance demonstrate more efficient cortical activation.Therefore,incorporating bilateral arm training in post-stroke rehabilitation is important for better outcomes.The combination of functional near-infrared spectroscopy with functional motor paradigms is valuable for assessing skills and developing targeted interventions in stroke rehabilitation.展开更多
The composite time scale(CTS) provides an accurate and stable time-frequency reference for modern science and technology. Conventional CTS always features a centralized network topology, which means that the CTS is ac...The composite time scale(CTS) provides an accurate and stable time-frequency reference for modern science and technology. Conventional CTS always features a centralized network topology, which means that the CTS is accompanied by a local master clock. This largely restricts the stability and reliability of the CTS. We simulate the restriction and analyze the influence of the master clock on the CTS. It proves that the CTS's long-term stability is also positively related to that of the master clock, until the region dominated by the frequency drift of the H-maser(averaging time longer than ~10~5s).Aiming at this restriction, a real-time clock network is utilized. Based on the network, a real-time CTS referenced by a stable remote master clock is achieved. The experiment comparing two real-time CTSs referenced by a local and a remote master clock respectively reveals that under open-loop steering, the stability of the CTS is improved by referencing to a remote and more stable master clock instead of a local and less stable master clock. In this way, with the help of the proposed scheme, the CTS can be referenced to the most stable master clock within the network in real time, no matter whether it is local or remote, making democratic polycentric timekeeping possible.展开更多
This paper focuses on the effective utilization of data augmentation techniques for 3Dlidar point clouds to enhance the performance of neural network models.These point clouds,which represent spatial information throu...This paper focuses on the effective utilization of data augmentation techniques for 3Dlidar point clouds to enhance the performance of neural network models.These point clouds,which represent spatial information through a collection of 3D coordinates,have found wide-ranging applications.Data augmentation has emerged as a potent solution to the challenges posed by limited labeled data and the need to enhance model generalization capabilities.Much of the existing research is devoted to crafting novel data augmentation methods specifically for 3D lidar point clouds.However,there has been a lack of focus on making the most of the numerous existing augmentation techniques.Addressing this deficiency,this research investigates the possibility of combining two fundamental data augmentation strategies.The paper introduces PolarMix andMix3D,two commonly employed augmentation techniques,and presents a new approach,named RandomFusion.Instead of using a fixed or predetermined combination of augmentation methods,RandomFusion randomly chooses one method from a pool of options for each instance or sample.This innovative data augmentation technique randomly augments each point in the point cloud with either PolarMix or Mix3D.The crux of this strategy is the random choice between PolarMix and Mix3Dfor the augmentation of each point within the point cloud data set.The results of the experiments conducted validate the efficacy of the RandomFusion strategy in enhancing the performance of neural network models for 3D lidar point cloud semantic segmentation tasks.This is achieved without compromising computational efficiency.By examining the potential of merging different augmentation techniques,the research contributes significantly to a more comprehensive understanding of how to utilize existing augmentation methods for 3D lidar point clouds.RandomFusion data augmentation technique offers a simple yet effective method to leverage the diversity of augmentation techniques and boost the robustness of models.The insights gained from this research can pave the way for future work aimed at developing more advanced and efficient data augmentation strategies for 3D lidar point cloud analysis.展开更多
Although vaccines have been developed,mutations of SARS-CoV-2,especially the dominant B.1.617.2(delta)and B.1.529(omicron)strains with more than 30 mutations on their spike protein,have caused a significant decline in...Although vaccines have been developed,mutations of SARS-CoV-2,especially the dominant B.1.617.2(delta)and B.1.529(omicron)strains with more than 30 mutations on their spike protein,have caused a significant decline in prophylaxis,calling for the need for drug improvement.Antibodies are drugs preferentially used in infectious diseases and are easy to get from immunized organisms.The current study combined molecular modeling and single memory B cell sequencing to assess candidate sequences before experiments,providing a strategy for the fabrication of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.A total of 128 sequences were obtained after sequencing 196 memory B cells,and 42 sequences were left after merging extremely similar ones and discarding incomplete ones,followed by homology modeling of the antibody variable region.Thirteen candidate sequences were expressed,of which three were tested positive for receptor binding domain recognition but only one was confirmed as having broad neutralization against several SARS-CoV-2 variants.The current study successfully obtained a SARS-CoV-2 antibody with broad neutralizing abilities and provided a strategy for antibody development in emerging infectious diseases using single memory B cell BCR sequencing and computer assistance in antibody fabrication.展开更多
Developing wheat that acquires and uses phosphorus(P)more efficiently is a promising and low-cost solution for increasing grain yield and reducing P-related environmental impacts.The present study identified agronomic...Developing wheat that acquires and uses phosphorus(P)more efficiently is a promising and low-cost solution for increasing grain yield and reducing P-related environmental impacts.The present study identified agronomic and physiological traits that contribute to genetic variation in the P acquisition,remobilization,and utilization efficiency of 11 wheat cultivars from southwest China grown in P-deficient purple lithomorphic soil(Olsen P=4.7)with balanced(75 kg P ha^(−1))and excess P(120 kg P ha^(−1))supplies.On average,soil P deficiency(–P)reduced root P uptake(17.0%–60.8%),P remobilization(33.9%–52.8%),dry mass yield(11.5%–39.2%),and grain yield(17.7%–54.4%).Balanced P(+P)increased grain yield via increased plant biomass rather than increased HI.–P increased phosphorus uptake efficiency(PUpE,4.5-fold),phosphorus utilization efficiency(PUtE,1.25-fold),and phosphorus use efficiency(PUE,5.4-fold)compared with those under+P,and PUtE explained most(58.1%–60.8%)of the genetic variation in PUE under both–P and+P.The high root P uptake of P-efficient cultivars under–P was regulated by root surface area and root length density in the 0–10 cm soil layer but not in the 10–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers,suggesting that a topsoil foraging strategy is a more economical approach than deeper root exploration for increasing P uptake.Root P uptake before anthesis and P remobilization after anthesis were critical for increasing the PUtE of wheat,given that P-efficient cultivars showed higher Pn(net photosynthetic rate)and sucrose levels than P-inefficient cultivars.Pn reduction by–P resulted from decreased Gs and Ci,and high evapotranspiration under+P increased shoot P%by increasing root P uptake.Genetic variation in the source-to-sink ratio was observed in consequence of a+P-induced allometric increase in sucrose in leaves and kernels.Owing to these beneficial effects,+P increased the kernel N and P yields of the 11 cultivars by 9.9%–52.4%and 12.3%–48.8%,respectively.The findings of this study could help improve wheat in future breeding efforts and P management by identifying desirable Pefficient phenotypes in P-deficient farming systems.展开更多
Microneedle array(MNA)electrodes are an effective solution to achieve high-quality surface biopotential recording without the coordination of conductive gel and are thus very suitable for long-term wearable applicatio...Microneedle array(MNA)electrodes are an effective solution to achieve high-quality surface biopotential recording without the coordination of conductive gel and are thus very suitable for long-term wearable applications.Existing schemes are limited by flexibility,biosafety,and manufacturing costs,which create large barriers for wider applications.Here,we present a novel flexible MNA electrode that can simultaneously achieve flexibility of the substrate to fit a curved body surface,robustness of microneedles to penetrate the skin without fracture,and a simplified process to allow mass production.The compatibility with wearable wireless systems and the short preparation time of the electrodes significantly improves the comfort and convenience of electrophysiological recording.The normalized electrode–skin contact impedance reaches 0.98 kΩcm^(2)at 1 kHz and 1.50 kΩcm^(2)at 10 Hz,a record low value compared to previous reports and approximately 1/250 of the standard electrodes.The morphology,biosafety,and electrical/mechanical properties are fully characterized,and wearable recordings with a high signal-to-noise ratio and low motion artifacts are realized.The first reported clinical study of microneedle electrodes for surface electrophysiological monitoring was conducted in tens of healthy and sleep-disordered subjects with 44 nights of recording(over 8 h per night),providing substantial evidence that the electrodes can be leveraged to substitute for clinical standard electrodes.展开更多
Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)represents a unique class of cathode material for lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries as it eradicates the polysulfides shuttling issue in carbonate-based electrolyte.However,due to the ess...Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)represents a unique class of cathode material for lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries as it eradicates the polysulfides shuttling issue in carbonate-based electrolyte.However,due to the essential chemical S-linking and organic nature of SPAN,the active mass percentage and rate capability are two bottleneck issues preventing its ultimate deployment outside of laboratories.In the current work,aiming to endow both the charge conductivity and catalytic activity to SPAN for maximizing the redox kinetics of S conversion,a freestanding nanofibrous SPAN cathode embedding conductive CNTs and atomically dispersed Co centers is fabricated via multivariate electrospinning.While the CNTs enable dramatically enhancing the fiber conductivity and generating mesoscopic porosity for facilitating charge and mass transportation,the cross-linking of SPAN by Co-N_(4) S motifs creates extra charge conduction pathways and further serves as the catalytic active sites for expediting redox S conversion.As a result,an extraordinary Li-SPAN performance is achieved with a high specific capacity up to 1856 mAh g^(-1)@0.2 C,a superb rate capability up to 10 C,and an ultra-long battery life up to 1500 cycles@1 C.Consequently,our study here provides insights into the adoption of coordination chemistry to maximize the sulfur utilization by ensuring a more complete redox conversion from SPAN to Li2 S,and vice versa.展开更多
Efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in alkaline solution are highly required for water splitting.Here we design an ultra-small PtOx nanoparticle with hybrid Pt chemical states on carbon nan...Efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in alkaline solution are highly required for water splitting.Here we design an ultra-small PtOx nanoparticle with hybrid Pt chemical states on carbon nanotubes as highly efficient alkaline HER catalyst,which shows a low overpotential of 19.4 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),a high mass activity of 5.56 A mg_(Pt)^(-1) at 0.1 V, and a stable durability for at least 20 h.The HER performance is better than that of the benchmark 20 wt% Pt/C while the Pt content in the catalyst is only about one tenth of that in Pt/C.It also represents one of the best catalysts ever reported for HER in alkaline solution.Synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the efficient and stable alkaline HER performance can be attributed to the favorable design of hybrid chemical states of Pt with carbon nanotubes,which exhibits abundant surface Pt-O as active catalytic sites and forms stable Pt-C interfacial interaction to both anchor the NPs and improve the synergistic effect between catalyst and substrate.展开更多
Hematite is an excellent catalyst for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting but its performance has been highly limited by poor conductivity and high charge recombination.Here by a Zr-based treatment to create bu...Hematite is an excellent catalyst for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting but its performance has been highly limited by poor conductivity and high charge recombination.Here by a Zr-based treatment to create bulk Fe_(2)ZrO_(5) in hematite and a F-based treatment to form an ultrathin surface FeF_(x) layer,the charge transfer can be highly improved and the charge recombination can be significantly suppressed.As a result,the FeF_(x) /Zr-Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode presents an enhanced PEC performance with a photocurrent density of 2.43 m A/cm^(2)at 1.23 V vs.RHE,which is around 3 times higher than that of the pristine Fe_(2)O_(3) .The FeF_(x) /Zr-Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode also shows a low onset potential of 0.77 V vs.RHE (100 mV lower than the pristine hematite).The performance is much higher than that of the sample treated by Zr or F alone,suggesting the synergistic effect between bulk Fe_(2)ZrO_(5) and surface FeF_(x) .By coupling with the FeNiOOH co-catalyst,the final photoanode can achieve a high photocurrent density of 2.81 mA/cm^(2) at 1.23 V vs.RHE.The novel design of Zr and F co-modified hematite can be used as a promising way to prepare efficient catalysts for solar water splitting.展开更多
Objective:Jue tone is a kind of sound,using 3-mi as the main tone,and is melodious,profound,makes people feel comfortable and pleasant.This study aimed to explore the probable mechanism of Jue tone to reduce blood pre...Objective:Jue tone is a kind of sound,using 3-mi as the main tone,and is melodious,profound,makes people feel comfortable and pleasant.This study aimed to explore the probable mechanism of Jue tone to reduce blood pressure(BP)in hypertensive rats with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern by observing changes in BP as well as physiochemical indexes in plasma.Methods:Sixteen male spontaneous hypertensive rats(SHR)with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern were randomly divided into a control group and a Jue tone group.The rats in the Jue tone group were treated with Jue tone(55e65 dB,played by the five elements of music rhythm instrument,a kind of physiotherapy regimen music played by Shen Wu)once a day for 4 weeks.The BP levels in each group were measured twice a week,on Monday and Friday.The levels of angiotensin II(Ang-II),thromboxane B2(TXB2),endothelin-1(ET-1),calcitonin gene-related peptide(cGRP),norepinephrine(NE),cortisol(CORT),and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT).in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after 4 weeks of intervention.Results:BP and the levels of TXB2 and ET-1 in the plasma of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group,while the level of cGRP was significantly higher.Conclusion:Jue tone can reduce the BP of hypertensive rats with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern.The mechanism may correlate with a reduction in TXB2 and ET-1 and an increase in cGRP with the reduction of reactive oxygen species(ROS).展开更多
hydrophilic hyperbranched polyester(poly(tetramethylol acetylenediurea(TA)-CO-succinyl chloride)(PTS))was proposed to be used as an organic additive in aqueous ZnSO_(4)electrolyte to achieve a highly reversible zinc/m...hydrophilic hyperbranched polyester(poly(tetramethylol acetylenediurea(TA)-CO-succinyl chloride)(PTS))was proposed to be used as an organic additive in aqueous ZnSO_(4)electrolyte to achieve a highly reversible zinc/manganese oxide battery.It is found that the zinc symmetric battery based on the 2.0 wt.%PTS/ZnSO_(4)electrolyte showed a long cycle stability of more than 2400 h at 1.0 mA·cm^(-2),which is much longer than that including the blank ZnSO_(4)electrolyte(140 h).Furthermore,the capacity retention of the Zn||MnO_(2)full cells employing the 2.0 wt.%PTS/ZnSO_(4)electrolyte remained 85%after 100 cycles at 0.2 A·g^(1),which is much higher than 20%capacity retention of the cell containing the blank ZnSO_(4)electrolyte,and also greater than 59.6%capacity retention of the cell including the 10.0 wt.%TA/ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.By using 2.0 wt.%PTS/ZnSO_(4)electrolytes,the capacity retention of the Zn||MnO_(2)full cells even reached 65%after 2000 cycles at a higher current density of 1.0 A·g^(1).It is further demonstrated that the PTS was firmly adsorbed on the zinc anode surface to form a protective layer.展开更多
EZH2 is over-expressed in human colon cancer and is closely associated with tumor proliferation,metastasis and poor prognosis.Targeting and inhibiting EZH2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.3-D...EZH2 is over-expressed in human colon cancer and is closely associated with tumor proliferation,metastasis and poor prognosis.Targeting and inhibiting EZH2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.3-Deazaneplanocin A(DZNep),as an EZH2 inhibitor,can suppress cancer cell growth.However,the anti-cancer role of DZNep in colon cancer cells has been rarely studied.In this study,we demonstrate that DZNep can inhibit the growth and survival of colon cancer HCT116 cells by inducing cellular senescence and apoptosis.The study provides a novel view of anti-cancer mechanisms of DZNep in human colon cancer cells.展开更多
To overcome the capacity crunch of optical communications based on the traditional single-mode fiber(SMF), different modes in a few-mode fiber(FMF) can be employed for mode division multiplexing(MDM). MDM can also be ...To overcome the capacity crunch of optical communications based on the traditional single-mode fiber(SMF), different modes in a few-mode fiber(FMF) can be employed for mode division multiplexing(MDM). MDM can also be extended to photonic integration for obtaining improved density and efficiency, as well as interconnection capacity. Therefore, MDM becomes the most promising method for maintaining the trend of "Moore’s law" in photonic integration and optical fiber transmission. In this tutorial, we provide a review of MDM works and cutting-edge progresses from photonic integration to optical fiber transmission, including our recent works of MDM low-noise amplification, FMF fiber design, MDM Si photonic devices, and so on. Research and application challenges of MDM for optical communications regarding long-haul transmission and short reach interconnection are discussed as well. The content is expected to be of important value for both academic researchers and industrial engineers during the development of next-generation optical communication systems,from photonic chips to fiber links.展开更多
Multi-color luminescence basing on amorphous Eu^(3+)/Tb^(3+) co-doped Zn-Al hydroxides and their annealed samples were studied in detail. Results suggest that excellent red emissions due to Eu^(3+) and green emissions...Multi-color luminescence basing on amorphous Eu^(3+)/Tb^(3+) co-doped Zn-Al hydroxides and their annealed samples were studied in detail. Results suggest that excellent red emissions due to Eu^(3+) and green emissions attributed to Tb^(3+) appear under the excitation of favorable wavelength for all the asprepared amorphous samples. Moreover, the emission intensity depends on the Eu^(3+)/Tb^(3+) molar ratio. The samples annealed at 300, 500, and 700 ℃ still exhibit amorphous state,and multi-color luminescence kept in the samples annealed at 300 ℃, while luminescence quenched for the samples annealed at 500 and 700 ℃. However, a broad emission ranging from 450 to 650 nm occurs in some samples annealed at 900 ℃. Further, the fluorescence decay and lifetimes for the as-prepared samples and the samples annealed at 300 ℃ were investigated. It is found that all the decay curves of emissions due to Tb^(3+) and Eu^(3+) present characteristic double exponential function despite their different lifetimes.The present work may be a good example for developing new multi-color even white light emitting materials.展开更多
Background Removal of colorectal polyps during screening could reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,there is a lack of data on risk factors associated with recurrence of polyps,including conventional...Background Removal of colorectal polyps during screening could reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,there is a lack of data on risk factors associated with recurrence of polyps,including conventional adenomas and serrated polyps(SPs).This study aimed to determine risk factors for recurrence of colorectal polyps and their subtypes based on the characteristics of the patients and polyps.Methods A total of 1,165 patients diagnosed with conventional adenoma or SP in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2013 and December 2019 were enrolled in this study,including 668 cases with conventional adenomas,385 with SPs,and 112 with coexistence of adenomas and SPs.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify potential risk factors for polyp recurrence.A nomogram was established according to risk factors and the performance was evaluated using calibration plots.Results During a median follow-up of 24 months,recurrent polyps were observed in 531(45.6%)cases.Male,age≥50 years,body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/m^(2),at least three polyps,smoking,alcohol consumption,family history of polyps,and family history of CRC were independent risk factors for polyp recurrence.The Harrell’s C-index of the nomogram developed with these parameters was 0.69 and the calibration plots showed good agreement between actual polyp recurrence and nomogram-predicted recurrence probability.In the subtype analyses,conventional adenomas had the same risk factors for recurrence as all polyps,while smoking,alcohol consumption,family history of polyps,and family history of CRC were not risk factors for SP recurrence.Conclusions We identified several risk factors for recurrence of colorectal polyps and found that some of them could increase the risk of adenoma recurrence but not SP recurrence,including smoking,alcohol consumption,and family history of polyps/CRC,which might help us to understand different etiology and biology between conventional adenomas and SPs.展开更多
Monitoring intracorporal pressures are important for health care and diagnosis.In this work,a contact lens tonometer employing graphene woven fabrics(GWFs),which indicate great sensibility of resistance to strain,flex...Monitoring intracorporal pressures are important for health care and diagnosis.In this work,a contact lens tonometer employing graphene woven fabrics(GWFs),which indicate great sensibility of resistance to strain,flexibility,stretchability,transparency,and biocompatibility,is proposed for real-time monitoring intraocular pressure(IOP)with high resolution.The mechanical properties of the device during the deformation were analyzed,and the sensitivity of the fabricated device was tested on a mimic human eyeball.In vitro experiments on porcine eyes were executed to test the effectiveness of the device.The change rate of resistance under different IOP was tested.Also,the relationship between the current changes and IOP variation when keeping the voltage constant for different devices was obtained.The contact lens tonometers with GWFs as high-resolution sensing element have shown a promising prospective to realize the low-cost disposable sensing contact lens with lower power.展开更多
With the development of a smart grid,the automatic location of power equipment is becoming a trend.In this study,a method for automatic location identification and diagnosis of external power insulation equipment base...With the development of a smart grid,the automatic location of power equipment is becoming a trend.In this study,a method for automatic location identification and diagnosis of external power insulation equipment based on YOLOv3 is proposed.This deep learning algorithm is used to extract the characteristics of image data under the visible light channel of the insulator.It learns and trains the collected data to realise the rapid location identification and frame selection of the external insulation equipment and extract discharge characteristics of the target box under the ultraviolet channel.According to the number of photons and the spot area information,the operating status of the equipment is determined.The results show that the YOLOv3 algorithm with a training rate of 0.005 achieved a fast convergence of the location recognition model.The average recognition accuracy was 88.7%and the average detection time was 0.0182 s.The combination of visible light path insulator target recognition and ultraviolet light path diagnosis can realise a lean and intelligent diagnosis of power equipment.This method had good real-time performance,accuracy,and robustness to the background.It provides a new concept for intelligent diagnosis and location analysis of power equipment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2020YFC2004202(to DX).
文摘After stroke,even high-functioning individuals may experience compromised bimanual coordination and fine motor dexterity,leading to reduced functional independence.Bilateral arm training has been proposed as a promising intervention to address these deficits.However,the neural basis of the impairment of functional fine motor skills and their relationship to bimanual coordination performance in stroke patients remains unclear,limiting the development of more targeted interventions.To address this gap,our study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate cortical responses in patients after stroke as they perform functional tasks that engage fine motor control and coordination.Twenty-four high-functioning patients with ischemic stroke(7 women,17 men;mean age 64.75±10.84 years)participated in this cross-sectional observational study and completed four subtasks from the Purdue Pegboard Test,which measures unimanual and bimanual finger and hand dexterity.We found significant bilateral activation of the sensorimotor cortices during all Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks,with bimanual tasks inducing higher cortical activation than the assembly subtask.Importantly,patients with better bimanual coordination exhibited lower cortical activation during the other three Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks.Notably,the observed neural response patterns varied depending on the specific subtask.In the unaffected hand task,the differences were primarily observed in the ipsilesional hemisphere.In contrast,the bilateral sensorimotor cortices and the contralesional hemisphere played a more prominent role in the bimanual task and assembly task,respectively.While significant correlations were found between cortical activation and unimanual tasks,no significant correlations were observed with bimanual tasks.This study provides insights into the neural basis of bimanual coordination and fine motor skills in high-functioning patients after stroke,highlighting task-dependent neural responses.The findings also suggest that patients who exhibit better bimanual performance demonstrate more efficient cortical activation.Therefore,incorporating bilateral arm training in post-stroke rehabilitation is important for better outcomes.The combination of functional near-infrared spectroscopy with functional motor paradigms is valuable for assessing skills and developing targeted interventions in stroke rehabilitation.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61971259)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2021YFA1402102)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program。
文摘The composite time scale(CTS) provides an accurate and stable time-frequency reference for modern science and technology. Conventional CTS always features a centralized network topology, which means that the CTS is accompanied by a local master clock. This largely restricts the stability and reliability of the CTS. We simulate the restriction and analyze the influence of the master clock on the CTS. It proves that the CTS's long-term stability is also positively related to that of the master clock, until the region dominated by the frequency drift of the H-maser(averaging time longer than ~10~5s).Aiming at this restriction, a real-time clock network is utilized. Based on the network, a real-time CTS referenced by a stable remote master clock is achieved. The experiment comparing two real-time CTSs referenced by a local and a remote master clock respectively reveals that under open-loop steering, the stability of the CTS is improved by referencing to a remote and more stable master clock instead of a local and less stable master clock. In this way, with the help of the proposed scheme, the CTS can be referenced to the most stable master clock within the network in real time, no matter whether it is local or remote, making democratic polycentric timekeeping possible.
基金funded in part by the Key Project of Nature Science Research for Universities of Anhui Province of China(No.2022AH051720)in part by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(Grant Nos.0093/2022/A2,0076/2022/A2 and 0008/2022/AGJ)in part by the China University Industry-University-Research Collaborative Innovation Fund(No.2021FNA04017).
文摘This paper focuses on the effective utilization of data augmentation techniques for 3Dlidar point clouds to enhance the performance of neural network models.These point clouds,which represent spatial information through a collection of 3D coordinates,have found wide-ranging applications.Data augmentation has emerged as a potent solution to the challenges posed by limited labeled data and the need to enhance model generalization capabilities.Much of the existing research is devoted to crafting novel data augmentation methods specifically for 3D lidar point clouds.However,there has been a lack of focus on making the most of the numerous existing augmentation techniques.Addressing this deficiency,this research investigates the possibility of combining two fundamental data augmentation strategies.The paper introduces PolarMix andMix3D,two commonly employed augmentation techniques,and presents a new approach,named RandomFusion.Instead of using a fixed or predetermined combination of augmentation methods,RandomFusion randomly chooses one method from a pool of options for each instance or sample.This innovative data augmentation technique randomly augments each point in the point cloud with either PolarMix or Mix3D.The crux of this strategy is the random choice between PolarMix and Mix3Dfor the augmentation of each point within the point cloud data set.The results of the experiments conducted validate the efficacy of the RandomFusion strategy in enhancing the performance of neural network models for 3D lidar point cloud semantic segmentation tasks.This is achieved without compromising computational efficiency.By examining the potential of merging different augmentation techniques,the research contributes significantly to a more comprehensive understanding of how to utilize existing augmentation methods for 3D lidar point clouds.RandomFusion data augmentation technique offers a simple yet effective method to leverage the diversity of augmentation techniques and boost the robustness of models.The insights gained from this research can pave the way for future work aimed at developing more advanced and efficient data augmentation strategies for 3D lidar point cloud analysis.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program (Grant No.BE2020616)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2018YFC1200603)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2019SWAQ05-5-4)Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers,Prevention and Treatment,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine,Nanjing Medical University.
文摘Although vaccines have been developed,mutations of SARS-CoV-2,especially the dominant B.1.617.2(delta)and B.1.529(omicron)strains with more than 30 mutations on their spike protein,have caused a significant decline in prophylaxis,calling for the need for drug improvement.Antibodies are drugs preferentially used in infectious diseases and are easy to get from immunized organisms.The current study combined molecular modeling and single memory B cell sequencing to assess candidate sequences before experiments,providing a strategy for the fabrication of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.A total of 128 sequences were obtained after sequencing 196 memory B cells,and 42 sequences were left after merging extremely similar ones and discarding incomplete ones,followed by homology modeling of the antibody variable region.Thirteen candidate sequences were expressed,of which three were tested positive for receptor binding domain recognition but only one was confirmed as having broad neutralization against several SARS-CoV-2 variants.The current study successfully obtained a SARS-CoV-2 antibody with broad neutralizing abilities and provided a strategy for antibody development in emerging infectious diseases using single memory B cell BCR sequencing and computer assistance in antibody fabrication.
基金support from the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(2021YJ0504,2021YFYZ0002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300406)+1 种基金Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20150312705)Crops Breeding Project in Sichuan Province(2016NYZ0051,22ZDZX0018).
文摘Developing wheat that acquires and uses phosphorus(P)more efficiently is a promising and low-cost solution for increasing grain yield and reducing P-related environmental impacts.The present study identified agronomic and physiological traits that contribute to genetic variation in the P acquisition,remobilization,and utilization efficiency of 11 wheat cultivars from southwest China grown in P-deficient purple lithomorphic soil(Olsen P=4.7)with balanced(75 kg P ha^(−1))and excess P(120 kg P ha^(−1))supplies.On average,soil P deficiency(–P)reduced root P uptake(17.0%–60.8%),P remobilization(33.9%–52.8%),dry mass yield(11.5%–39.2%),and grain yield(17.7%–54.4%).Balanced P(+P)increased grain yield via increased plant biomass rather than increased HI.–P increased phosphorus uptake efficiency(PUpE,4.5-fold),phosphorus utilization efficiency(PUtE,1.25-fold),and phosphorus use efficiency(PUE,5.4-fold)compared with those under+P,and PUtE explained most(58.1%–60.8%)of the genetic variation in PUE under both–P and+P.The high root P uptake of P-efficient cultivars under–P was regulated by root surface area and root length density in the 0–10 cm soil layer but not in the 10–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers,suggesting that a topsoil foraging strategy is a more economical approach than deeper root exploration for increasing P uptake.Root P uptake before anthesis and P remobilization after anthesis were critical for increasing the PUtE of wheat,given that P-efficient cultivars showed higher Pn(net photosynthetic rate)and sucrose levels than P-inefficient cultivars.Pn reduction by–P resulted from decreased Gs and Ci,and high evapotranspiration under+P increased shoot P%by increasing root P uptake.Genetic variation in the source-to-sink ratio was observed in consequence of a+P-induced allometric increase in sucrose in leaves and kernels.Owing to these beneficial effects,+P increased the kernel N and P yields of the 11 cultivars by 9.9%–52.4%and 12.3%–48.8%,respectively.The findings of this study could help improve wheat in future breeding efforts and P management by identifying desirable Pefficient phenotypes in P-deficient farming systems.
基金supported by the China Capital Health Research and Development of Special (No. 2018-14111)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 62004007 and No. 82027805)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (No. 2021M700258)
文摘Microneedle array(MNA)electrodes are an effective solution to achieve high-quality surface biopotential recording without the coordination of conductive gel and are thus very suitable for long-term wearable applications.Existing schemes are limited by flexibility,biosafety,and manufacturing costs,which create large barriers for wider applications.Here,we present a novel flexible MNA electrode that can simultaneously achieve flexibility of the substrate to fit a curved body surface,robustness of microneedles to penetrate the skin without fracture,and a simplified process to allow mass production.The compatibility with wearable wireless systems and the short preparation time of the electrodes significantly improves the comfort and convenience of electrophysiological recording.The normalized electrode–skin contact impedance reaches 0.98 kΩcm^(2)at 1 kHz and 1.50 kΩcm^(2)at 10 Hz,a record low value compared to previous reports and approximately 1/250 of the standard electrodes.The morphology,biosafety,and electrical/mechanical properties are fully characterized,and wearable recordings with a high signal-to-noise ratio and low motion artifacts are realized.The first reported clinical study of microneedle electrodes for surface electrophysiological monitoring was conducted in tens of healthy and sleep-disordered subjects with 44 nights of recording(over 8 h per night),providing substantial evidence that the electrodes can be leveraged to substitute for clinical standard electrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21805201)the NSFC-NRF China-Korea International Joint Research Project(No.51911540473)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(No.2018T110544 and No.2017 M611899)the support by Suzhou Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies。
文摘Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)represents a unique class of cathode material for lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries as it eradicates the polysulfides shuttling issue in carbonate-based electrolyte.However,due to the essential chemical S-linking and organic nature of SPAN,the active mass percentage and rate capability are two bottleneck issues preventing its ultimate deployment outside of laboratories.In the current work,aiming to endow both the charge conductivity and catalytic activity to SPAN for maximizing the redox kinetics of S conversion,a freestanding nanofibrous SPAN cathode embedding conductive CNTs and atomically dispersed Co centers is fabricated via multivariate electrospinning.While the CNTs enable dramatically enhancing the fiber conductivity and generating mesoscopic porosity for facilitating charge and mass transportation,the cross-linking of SPAN by Co-N_(4) S motifs creates extra charge conduction pathways and further serves as the catalytic active sites for expediting redox S conversion.As a result,an extraordinary Li-SPAN performance is achieved with a high specific capacity up to 1856 mAh g^(-1)@0.2 C,a superb rate capability up to 10 C,and an ultra-long battery life up to 1500 cycles@1 C.Consequently,our study here provides insights into the adoption of coordination chemistry to maximize the sulfur utilization by ensuring a more complete redox conversion from SPAN to Li2 S,and vice versa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1932211,U1732110)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology+3 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the 111 Projectthe support from Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(2019HSC-UE002)Post graduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX19_1921)。
文摘Efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in alkaline solution are highly required for water splitting.Here we design an ultra-small PtOx nanoparticle with hybrid Pt chemical states on carbon nanotubes as highly efficient alkaline HER catalyst,which shows a low overpotential of 19.4 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),a high mass activity of 5.56 A mg_(Pt)^(-1) at 0.1 V, and a stable durability for at least 20 h.The HER performance is better than that of the benchmark 20 wt% Pt/C while the Pt content in the catalyst is only about one tenth of that in Pt/C.It also represents one of the best catalysts ever reported for HER in alkaline solution.Synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the efficient and stable alkaline HER performance can be attributed to the favorable design of hybrid chemical states of Pt with carbon nanotubes,which exhibits abundant surface Pt-O as active catalytic sites and forms stable Pt-C interfacial interaction to both anchor the NPs and improve the synergistic effect between catalyst and substrate.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0406103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1932211)+1 种基金the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the 111 Project。
文摘Hematite is an excellent catalyst for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting but its performance has been highly limited by poor conductivity and high charge recombination.Here by a Zr-based treatment to create bulk Fe_(2)ZrO_(5) in hematite and a F-based treatment to form an ultrathin surface FeF_(x) layer,the charge transfer can be highly improved and the charge recombination can be significantly suppressed.As a result,the FeF_(x) /Zr-Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode presents an enhanced PEC performance with a photocurrent density of 2.43 m A/cm^(2)at 1.23 V vs.RHE,which is around 3 times higher than that of the pristine Fe_(2)O_(3) .The FeF_(x) /Zr-Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode also shows a low onset potential of 0.77 V vs.RHE (100 mV lower than the pristine hematite).The performance is much higher than that of the sample treated by Zr or F alone,suggesting the synergistic effect between bulk Fe_(2)ZrO_(5) and surface FeF_(x) .By coupling with the FeNiOOH co-catalyst,the final photoanode can achieve a high photocurrent density of 2.81 mA/cm^(2) at 1.23 V vs.RHE.The novel design of Zr and F co-modified hematite can be used as a promising way to prepare efficient catalysts for solar water splitting.
基金The work was supported by Vertical Science Development Foundation of BUCM(2019-ZXFZJJ-039)National Innovation Training Program(201610026039)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81503382,81473521).
文摘Objective:Jue tone is a kind of sound,using 3-mi as the main tone,and is melodious,profound,makes people feel comfortable and pleasant.This study aimed to explore the probable mechanism of Jue tone to reduce blood pressure(BP)in hypertensive rats with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern by observing changes in BP as well as physiochemical indexes in plasma.Methods:Sixteen male spontaneous hypertensive rats(SHR)with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern were randomly divided into a control group and a Jue tone group.The rats in the Jue tone group were treated with Jue tone(55e65 dB,played by the five elements of music rhythm instrument,a kind of physiotherapy regimen music played by Shen Wu)once a day for 4 weeks.The BP levels in each group were measured twice a week,on Monday and Friday.The levels of angiotensin II(Ang-II),thromboxane B2(TXB2),endothelin-1(ET-1),calcitonin gene-related peptide(cGRP),norepinephrine(NE),cortisol(CORT),and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT).in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after 4 weeks of intervention.Results:BP and the levels of TXB2 and ET-1 in the plasma of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group,while the level of cGRP was significantly higher.Conclusion:Jue tone can reduce the BP of hypertensive rats with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern.The mechanism may correlate with a reduction in TXB2 and ET-1 and an increase in cGRP with the reduction of reactive oxygen species(ROS).
基金The authors wish to express warm thanks to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21376282,21676035,and 21878029)We also thank Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.2022NSCQ-MSX1298)。
文摘hydrophilic hyperbranched polyester(poly(tetramethylol acetylenediurea(TA)-CO-succinyl chloride)(PTS))was proposed to be used as an organic additive in aqueous ZnSO_(4)electrolyte to achieve a highly reversible zinc/manganese oxide battery.It is found that the zinc symmetric battery based on the 2.0 wt.%PTS/ZnSO_(4)electrolyte showed a long cycle stability of more than 2400 h at 1.0 mA·cm^(-2),which is much longer than that including the blank ZnSO_(4)electrolyte(140 h).Furthermore,the capacity retention of the Zn||MnO_(2)full cells employing the 2.0 wt.%PTS/ZnSO_(4)electrolyte remained 85%after 100 cycles at 0.2 A·g^(1),which is much higher than 20%capacity retention of the cell containing the blank ZnSO_(4)electrolyte,and also greater than 59.6%capacity retention of the cell including the 10.0 wt.%TA/ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.By using 2.0 wt.%PTS/ZnSO_(4)electrolytes,the capacity retention of the Zn||MnO_(2)full cells even reached 65%after 2000 cycles at a higher current density of 1.0 A·g^(1).It is further demonstrated that the PTS was firmly adsorbed on the zinc anode surface to form a protective layer.
基金co-sponsored by Sino-Singapore Collaboration Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China (No.2013DFG32990)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Nos.81373438 and 31201040)National Mega-Project for Innovative Drugs by MOST (No.2012ZX09301002-001-015)
文摘EZH2 is over-expressed in human colon cancer and is closely associated with tumor proliferation,metastasis and poor prognosis.Targeting and inhibiting EZH2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.3-Deazaneplanocin A(DZNep),as an EZH2 inhibitor,can suppress cancer cell growth.However,the anti-cancer role of DZNep in colon cancer cells has been rarely studied.In this study,we demonstrate that DZNep can inhibit the growth and survival of colon cancer HCT116 cells by inducing cellular senescence and apoptosis.The study provides a novel view of anti-cancer mechanisms of DZNep in human colon cancer cells.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB1801804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 61935011, 61875124, and 61675128)
文摘To overcome the capacity crunch of optical communications based on the traditional single-mode fiber(SMF), different modes in a few-mode fiber(FMF) can be employed for mode division multiplexing(MDM). MDM can also be extended to photonic integration for obtaining improved density and efficiency, as well as interconnection capacity. Therefore, MDM becomes the most promising method for maintaining the trend of "Moore’s law" in photonic integration and optical fiber transmission. In this tutorial, we provide a review of MDM works and cutting-edge progresses from photonic integration to optical fiber transmission, including our recent works of MDM low-noise amplification, FMF fiber design, MDM Si photonic devices, and so on. Research and application challenges of MDM for optical communications regarding long-haul transmission and short reach interconnection are discussed as well. The content is expected to be of important value for both academic researchers and industrial engineers during the development of next-generation optical communication systems,from photonic chips to fiber links.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61564007)
文摘Multi-color luminescence basing on amorphous Eu^(3+)/Tb^(3+) co-doped Zn-Al hydroxides and their annealed samples were studied in detail. Results suggest that excellent red emissions due to Eu^(3+) and green emissions attributed to Tb^(3+) appear under the excitation of favorable wavelength for all the asprepared amorphous samples. Moreover, the emission intensity depends on the Eu^(3+)/Tb^(3+) molar ratio. The samples annealed at 300, 500, and 700 ℃ still exhibit amorphous state,and multi-color luminescence kept in the samples annealed at 300 ℃, while luminescence quenched for the samples annealed at 500 and 700 ℃. However, a broad emission ranging from 450 to 650 nm occurs in some samples annealed at 900 ℃. Further, the fluorescence decay and lifetimes for the as-prepared samples and the samples annealed at 300 ℃ were investigated. It is found that all the decay curves of emissions due to Tb^(3+) and Eu^(3+) present characteristic double exponential function despite their different lifetimes.The present work may be a good example for developing new multi-color even white light emitting materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[No.2017YFC1308800]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.81970482]the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province[No.2019A1515011313],and National Key Clinical Discipline.
文摘Background Removal of colorectal polyps during screening could reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,there is a lack of data on risk factors associated with recurrence of polyps,including conventional adenomas and serrated polyps(SPs).This study aimed to determine risk factors for recurrence of colorectal polyps and their subtypes based on the characteristics of the patients and polyps.Methods A total of 1,165 patients diagnosed with conventional adenoma or SP in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2013 and December 2019 were enrolled in this study,including 668 cases with conventional adenomas,385 with SPs,and 112 with coexistence of adenomas and SPs.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify potential risk factors for polyp recurrence.A nomogram was established according to risk factors and the performance was evaluated using calibration plots.Results During a median follow-up of 24 months,recurrent polyps were observed in 531(45.6%)cases.Male,age≥50 years,body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/m^(2),at least three polyps,smoking,alcohol consumption,family history of polyps,and family history of CRC were independent risk factors for polyp recurrence.The Harrell’s C-index of the nomogram developed with these parameters was 0.69 and the calibration plots showed good agreement between actual polyp recurrence and nomogram-predicted recurrence probability.In the subtype analyses,conventional adenomas had the same risk factors for recurrence as all polyps,while smoking,alcohol consumption,family history of polyps,and family history of CRC were not risk factors for SP recurrence.Conclusions We identified several risk factors for recurrence of colorectal polyps and found that some of them could increase the risk of adenoma recurrence but not SP recurrence,including smoking,alcohol consumption,and family history of polyps/CRC,which might help us to understand different etiology and biology between conventional adenomas and SPs.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2016YFA0200802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.11890672)the Leading Project of Youth Academic Team@Minzu University of China(Sensor and Microsystem:317201929).
文摘Monitoring intracorporal pressures are important for health care and diagnosis.In this work,a contact lens tonometer employing graphene woven fabrics(GWFs),which indicate great sensibility of resistance to strain,flexibility,stretchability,transparency,and biocompatibility,is proposed for real-time monitoring intraocular pressure(IOP)with high resolution.The mechanical properties of the device during the deformation were analyzed,and the sensitivity of the fabricated device was tested on a mimic human eyeball.In vitro experiments on porcine eyes were executed to test the effectiveness of the device.The change rate of resistance under different IOP was tested.Also,the relationship between the current changes and IOP variation when keeping the voltage constant for different devices was obtained.The contact lens tonometers with GWFs as high-resolution sensing element have shown a promising prospective to realize the low-cost disposable sensing contact lens with lower power.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81400603)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.2015A030310190)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.2015B020229001).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51577069)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2015ZD19)the Headquarters Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(SGTYHT/17-JS-199).
文摘With the development of a smart grid,the automatic location of power equipment is becoming a trend.In this study,a method for automatic location identification and diagnosis of external power insulation equipment based on YOLOv3 is proposed.This deep learning algorithm is used to extract the characteristics of image data under the visible light channel of the insulator.It learns and trains the collected data to realise the rapid location identification and frame selection of the external insulation equipment and extract discharge characteristics of the target box under the ultraviolet channel.According to the number of photons and the spot area information,the operating status of the equipment is determined.The results show that the YOLOv3 algorithm with a training rate of 0.005 achieved a fast convergence of the location recognition model.The average recognition accuracy was 88.7%and the average detection time was 0.0182 s.The combination of visible light path insulator target recognition and ultraviolet light path diagnosis can realise a lean and intelligent diagnosis of power equipment.This method had good real-time performance,accuracy,and robustness to the background.It provides a new concept for intelligent diagnosis and location analysis of power equipment.
