In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents ...In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.展开更多
The aim of this study is to clarify the application effect of pesticide decrement synergist ＇ Jijian＇ on wheal stripe lUSt. Sampling investigation, randomized block design and statistic analysis were carried out to ...The aim of this study is to clarify the application effect of pesticide decrement synergist ＇ Jijian＇ on wheal stripe lUSt. Sampling investigation, randomized block design and statistic analysis were carried out to find out the field efficacy of adding ＇ Jijian＇ to triadimefon WP and propiconazole EC on controlling wheat stripe rust. The results showed that during the epidemic period of stripe rust, the control effects on the 7^th and the 19^th d reached more than 93% and 100% , respectively, by the application of 15% triadimefon WP of 1 200 g/hm^2 and 25% propiconazole EC of 600 mlhm^2 , respectively for 2 times ; when 15% triadimefon WP of 840 g/hm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 or 25 % propiconazole EC of 420 mlhm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 were applied （ adding ＇ Jijian＇ and reducing the dosage of the 2 pesticides by 30% ） , the control effect on the 7^th d was 89.4% and 91.7% , respectively, while the control effect on the 19a＇ d was 99.8 - 100% ; when 15% triadimefon WP of 720 - 600 g/hm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 or 25% propiconazole EC 360 - 300 mlhm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 were applied （ adding ＇ Jijian＇ and reducing the dosage of the 2 pesticides by 40% - 50% ） , the control effect on the 7a＇ day reached more than 78.0% , while the control effect on the 19^th day was 97.7% - 99.8%. There was no significant difference on the control effect at the 7^th d between the treatments using the 2 pesticides alone and the treatments adding ＇ Jijian＇ and reducing the dosage of the 2 pesticides by 30%, but all had significant differences from the treatments adding ＇ Jijian＇ and reducing the dosage of the 2 pesticides by40% -50%. There was no significant difference on the control effect of the 19^th d among different treatments. Therefore, if the disease is not serious, the application of ＇ Jijian＇ can reduce the application amounts of pesticides by 40% -50%, that is, 15% triadimefon WP of 720 -600 g/hm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 or 25 % propiconazole EC of 360- 300 ml/hm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2, which is helpful to reduce the pesticide application amounts and pesticide residue pollution, and save the control costs.展开更多
Chemical warfare agents represent a severe threat to mankind and their efficient decontamination is a global necessity.However,traditional disposal strategies have limitations,including high energy consumption,use of ...Chemical warfare agents represent a severe threat to mankind and their efficient decontamination is a global necessity.However,traditional disposal strategies have limitations,including high energy consumption,use of aggressive reagents and generation of toxic byproducts.Here,inspired by the compartmentalized architecture and detoxification mechanism of bacterial microcompartments,we constructed oil-in-water Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by hydrogen-bonded organic framework immobilized cascade enzymes for decontaminating mustard gas simulant(2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide,CEES)under sweet conditions.Two exemplified droplet systems were developed with two-enzyme(glucose oxidase/chloroperoxidase)and threeenzyme(invertase/glucose oxidase/chloroperoxidase)cascades,both achieving over 6-fold enhancement in decontamination efficiency compared with free enzymes and>99% selectivity towards non-toxic sulfoxide.We found that the favored mass transfer of sugars and CEES from their respective phases to approach the cascade enzymes located at the droplet surface and the facilitated substrate channeling between proximally immobilized enzymes were key factors in augmenting the decontamination efficacy.More importantly,the robustness of immobilized enzymes enabled easy reproduction of both the droplet formation and detoxification performance over 10 cycles,following long-term storage and in far-field locations.展开更多
Plant cell walls are a critical site where plants and pathogens continuously struggle for physiological domi-nance.Here we show that dynamic remodeling of pectin methylesterification of plant cell walls is a compo-nen...Plant cell walls are a critical site where plants and pathogens continuously struggle for physiological domi-nance.Here we show that dynamic remodeling of pectin methylesterification of plant cell walls is a compo-nent of the physiological and co-evolutionary struggles between hosts and pathogens.A pectin methyles-terase(PsPME1)secreted by Phytophthora sojae decreases the degree of pectin methylesterification,thus synergizing with an endo-polygalacturonase(PsPG1)to weaken plant cell walls.To counter PsPME1-mediated susceptibility,a plant-derived pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein,GmPMl1,protects pectin to maintain a high methylesterification status.GmPMl1 protects plant cell walls from enzymatic degrada-tion by inhibiting both soybean and P.sojae pectin methylesterases during infection.However,constitutive expression of GmPMl1 disrupted the trade-off between host growth and defense responses.We therefore used AlphaFold structure tools to design a modified form of GmPMI1(GmPMI1R)that specifically targets and inhibits pectin methylesterases secreted from pathogens but notfrom plants.Transient expression of GmPMi1R enhanced plant resistance to oomycete and fungal pathogens.In summary,our work highlights the biochemical modification of the cell wall as an important focal point in the physiological and co-evolutionary conflict between hosts and microbes,providing an important proof of concept that Al-driven structure-based tools can accelerate the development of new strategies for plant protection.展开更多
Androgenetic alopecia(AGA)is a chronic and progressive form of hair loss characterized by vascular degeneration in the perifollicular microenvironment,leading to cell apoptosis and eventual loss of hair follicles(HFs)...Androgenetic alopecia(AGA)is a chronic and progressive form of hair loss characterized by vascular degeneration in the perifollicular microenvironment,leading to cell apoptosis and eventual loss of hair follicles(HFs).Traditional therapeutic formulations,such as Minoxidil(MXD)tincture,have limitations in reshaping the perifollicular microenvironment and exhibit limited effectiveness.Here,we report a multi-synergistic therapeutic platform for high-performance hair regeneration therapy.The platform combines microneedle(MN)patches loaded with MXD-encapsulated nanostructured lipid carriers(MXD-NLC-MNs)and cold atmospheric plasma(CAP).The MNs’mechanical strength enables efficient transdermal delivery of MXD to the targeted dermal papilla cells,promoting cell proliferation.Furthermore,in collaboration with MXD,the mechanical stimulation exerted by MN application synergistically upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor,leading to neoangiogenesis.Meanwhile,the transient microchannels in the skin created by MNs facilitate the transdermal delivery of CAPgenerated nitric oxide(NO)to the sites of HF lesions,whereby the synergistic interaction between MXD and NO boosts perifollicular vasodilation.Consequently,the perifollicular microenvironment can be effectively reshaped to accelerate hair regeneration in AGA murine models.This multi-synergistic combination therapy strategy would hold great promise for effectively treating AGA and promoting hair regrowth.展开更多
Numerous studies have demonstrated that soil applications of biochar contribute to plant disease suppression and growth promotion.Here,we quantitatively evaluated the performance of biochars on plant disease suppressi...Numerous studies have demonstrated that soil applications of biochar contribute to plant disease suppression and growth promotion.Here,we quantitatively evaluated the performance of biochars on plant disease suppression and production using meta-analysis of literature data.The results indicated that biochar amendment dramatically reduced disease severity(DS)by 47.46%while increasing plant biomass by 44.05%.The highest disease suppression was achieved with soil application of straw-derived biochar compared to biochar from other feedstocks,while no significant increase in yield was found with straw-derived biochar.Biochars pyrolyzed at medium temperatures(350-600℃)facilitate both disease controlling and growth promotion.Soil application of biochars between 3 and 5%significantly decreased plant DS by 59.11%,and inverted U-shaped biochar dose/DS suppression curve and biochar dose/growth curve were observed.In cash crop fields,the DS of plants amended with biochar was reduced over 50%,which was significantly higher than that of grain crops and perennial trees.Furthermore,biochar performance on plant disease suppression was higher for airborne pathogens than for soilborne pathogens,possibly due to the systemic activation of plant defences by biochar amendment.Additionally,a reduction of DS by biochar was observed on plants grown in agricultural soils.Our work contributes to the standardization of biochar production and provides a reference for improving the function of biochar in disease control.展开更多
Exploring multi-target drugs(MTDs)is a prevalent method against Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the current developed MTDs based on the“framework combination”technique or using flavonoids have not realized better h...Exploring multi-target drugs(MTDs)is a prevalent method against Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the current developed MTDs based on the“framework combination”technique or using flavonoids have not realized better healing effects owing to a complex metabolic process and low bioavailability.Here,we propose an alternative strategy to develop self-assembled nanoparticles(NPs)as MTDs using 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-tryptophan(Fmoc-Trp),quercetin(Que),and Fe^(2+)as building blocks through coordination and electrostatic interaction to generate Fmoc-Trp-Fe^(2+)-Que(FTFQ)NPs.Whether in cell or in vivo,FTFQ NPs exhibited considerable biocompatibility attributing to the inherent biological affinity of assembly units.By combining the advantages of assemble approach and nanostructures,the obtained FTFQ NPs greatly enhanced the bioavailability of Que and displayed synergistic therapeutic effects through reducing Aβaggregation in direct/indirect means and eliminating the toxicity induced by ROS and Aβoligomer/fibrils.Furthermore,FTFQ NPs could obviously restore the AD zebrafish’s mobility and stimulus response ability.More importantly,developing self-assembly NPs as MTDs could be an efficient and general method to promote other novel MTDs by extending the assemble units to other drugs,peptides,and metal ions.Based on above benefits,these self-assembled NPs could be as potential MTDs and show great promising application in AD treatment.展开更多
基金Supported by State Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFD0101603)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2016(XDJK2016A020)
文摘In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
基金Supported by the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture on Approving the First National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zones in China(Nongjifa[2010]No.22)the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Science and Technology on the Construction of the Sixth National Agricultural Science and Technology Parks(National Science and Technology Office for Agriculture[2015]No.9)the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(cstc2016jcyjA 0316)
文摘The aim of this study is to clarify the application effect of pesticide decrement synergist ＇ Jijian＇ on wheal stripe lUSt. Sampling investigation, randomized block design and statistic analysis were carried out to find out the field efficacy of adding ＇ Jijian＇ to triadimefon WP and propiconazole EC on controlling wheat stripe rust. The results showed that during the epidemic period of stripe rust, the control effects on the 7^th and the 19^th d reached more than 93% and 100% , respectively, by the application of 15% triadimefon WP of 1 200 g/hm^2 and 25% propiconazole EC of 600 mlhm^2 , respectively for 2 times ; when 15% triadimefon WP of 840 g/hm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 or 25 % propiconazole EC of 420 mlhm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 were applied （ adding ＇ Jijian＇ and reducing the dosage of the 2 pesticides by 30% ） , the control effect on the 7^th d was 89.4% and 91.7% , respectively, while the control effect on the 19a＇ d was 99.8 - 100% ; when 15% triadimefon WP of 720 - 600 g/hm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 or 25% propiconazole EC 360 - 300 mlhm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 were applied （ adding ＇ Jijian＇ and reducing the dosage of the 2 pesticides by 40% - 50% ） , the control effect on the 7a＇ day reached more than 78.0% , while the control effect on the 19^th day was 97.7% - 99.8%. There was no significant difference on the control effect at the 7^th d between the treatments using the 2 pesticides alone and the treatments adding ＇ Jijian＇ and reducing the dosage of the 2 pesticides by 30%, but all had significant differences from the treatments adding ＇ Jijian＇ and reducing the dosage of the 2 pesticides by40% -50%. There was no significant difference on the control effect of the 19^th d among different treatments. Therefore, if the disease is not serious, the application of ＇ Jijian＇ can reduce the application amounts of pesticides by 40% -50%, that is, 15% triadimefon WP of 720 -600 g/hm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2 or 25 % propiconazole EC of 360- 300 ml/hm^2 ＋ ＇ Jijian＇ of 225 g/hm^2, which is helpful to reduce the pesticide application amounts and pesticide residue pollution, and save the control costs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0210800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22334004,22027805,22277011,22107019,22176035)the Major Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province(2020HZ06006)。
文摘Chemical warfare agents represent a severe threat to mankind and their efficient decontamination is a global necessity.However,traditional disposal strategies have limitations,including high energy consumption,use of aggressive reagents and generation of toxic byproducts.Here,inspired by the compartmentalized architecture and detoxification mechanism of bacterial microcompartments,we constructed oil-in-water Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by hydrogen-bonded organic framework immobilized cascade enzymes for decontaminating mustard gas simulant(2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide,CEES)under sweet conditions.Two exemplified droplet systems were developed with two-enzyme(glucose oxidase/chloroperoxidase)and threeenzyme(invertase/glucose oxidase/chloroperoxidase)cascades,both achieving over 6-fold enhancement in decontamination efficiency compared with free enzymes and>99% selectivity towards non-toxic sulfoxide.We found that the favored mass transfer of sugars and CEES from their respective phases to approach the cascade enzymes located at the droplet surface and the facilitated substrate channeling between proximally immobilized enzymes were key factors in augmenting the decontamination efficacy.More importantly,the robustness of immobilized enzymes enabled easy reproduction of both the droplet formation and detoxification performance over 10 cycles,following long-term storage and in far-field locations.
基金supported bythe National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1001500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102172)and(31721004)+1 种基金the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX2021130)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700074).
文摘Plant cell walls are a critical site where plants and pathogens continuously struggle for physiological domi-nance.Here we show that dynamic remodeling of pectin methylesterification of plant cell walls is a compo-nent of the physiological and co-evolutionary struggles between hosts and pathogens.A pectin methyles-terase(PsPME1)secreted by Phytophthora sojae decreases the degree of pectin methylesterification,thus synergizing with an endo-polygalacturonase(PsPG1)to weaken plant cell walls.To counter PsPME1-mediated susceptibility,a plant-derived pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein,GmPMl1,protects pectin to maintain a high methylesterification status.GmPMl1 protects plant cell walls from enzymatic degrada-tion by inhibiting both soybean and P.sojae pectin methylesterases during infection.However,constitutive expression of GmPMl1 disrupted the trade-off between host growth and defense responses.We therefore used AlphaFold structure tools to design a modified form of GmPMI1(GmPMI1R)that specifically targets and inhibits pectin methylesterases secreted from pathogens but notfrom plants.Transient expression of GmPMi1R enhanced plant resistance to oomycete and fungal pathogens.In summary,our work highlights the biochemical modification of the cell wall as an important focal point in the physiological and co-evolutionary conflict between hosts and microbes,providing an important proof of concept that Al-driven structure-based tools can accelerate the development of new strategies for plant protection.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFE0126000(Z.T.C.),and 2020YFA0210800(Z.W.C.))the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277011(Z.W.C.),and 22107019(Z.W.C.))+1 种基金the Major Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province(No.2020HZ06006(Z.W.C.))the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515011129((Z.T.C.)).
文摘Androgenetic alopecia(AGA)is a chronic and progressive form of hair loss characterized by vascular degeneration in the perifollicular microenvironment,leading to cell apoptosis and eventual loss of hair follicles(HFs).Traditional therapeutic formulations,such as Minoxidil(MXD)tincture,have limitations in reshaping the perifollicular microenvironment and exhibit limited effectiveness.Here,we report a multi-synergistic therapeutic platform for high-performance hair regeneration therapy.The platform combines microneedle(MN)patches loaded with MXD-encapsulated nanostructured lipid carriers(MXD-NLC-MNs)and cold atmospheric plasma(CAP).The MNs’mechanical strength enables efficient transdermal delivery of MXD to the targeted dermal papilla cells,promoting cell proliferation.Furthermore,in collaboration with MXD,the mechanical stimulation exerted by MN application synergistically upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor,leading to neoangiogenesis.Meanwhile,the transient microchannels in the skin created by MNs facilitate the transdermal delivery of CAPgenerated nitric oxide(NO)to the sites of HF lesions,whereby the synergistic interaction between MXD and NO boosts perifollicular vasodilation.Consequently,the perifollicular microenvironment can be effectively reshaped to accelerate hair regeneration in AGA murine models.This multi-synergistic combination therapy strategy would hold great promise for effectively treating AGA and promoting hair regrowth.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A2047,41907062)Changjiang Scholarship,Ministry of Education,Chinaand State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land,Southwest University.
文摘Numerous studies have demonstrated that soil applications of biochar contribute to plant disease suppression and growth promotion.Here,we quantitatively evaluated the performance of biochars on plant disease suppression and production using meta-analysis of literature data.The results indicated that biochar amendment dramatically reduced disease severity(DS)by 47.46%while increasing plant biomass by 44.05%.The highest disease suppression was achieved with soil application of straw-derived biochar compared to biochar from other feedstocks,while no significant increase in yield was found with straw-derived biochar.Biochars pyrolyzed at medium temperatures(350-600℃)facilitate both disease controlling and growth promotion.Soil application of biochars between 3 and 5%significantly decreased plant DS by 59.11%,and inverted U-shaped biochar dose/DS suppression curve and biochar dose/growth curve were observed.In cash crop fields,the DS of plants amended with biochar was reduced over 50%,which was significantly higher than that of grain crops and perennial trees.Furthermore,biochar performance on plant disease suppression was higher for airborne pathogens than for soilborne pathogens,possibly due to the systemic activation of plant defences by biochar amendment.Additionally,a reduction of DS by biochar was observed on plants grown in agricultural soils.Our work contributes to the standardization of biochar production and provides a reference for improving the function of biochar in disease control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.22076024)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01552)Fuzhou University Testing Fund of Precious Apparatus(No.2020T005).
文摘Exploring multi-target drugs(MTDs)is a prevalent method against Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the current developed MTDs based on the“framework combination”technique or using flavonoids have not realized better healing effects owing to a complex metabolic process and low bioavailability.Here,we propose an alternative strategy to develop self-assembled nanoparticles(NPs)as MTDs using 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-tryptophan(Fmoc-Trp),quercetin(Que),and Fe^(2+)as building blocks through coordination and electrostatic interaction to generate Fmoc-Trp-Fe^(2+)-Que(FTFQ)NPs.Whether in cell or in vivo,FTFQ NPs exhibited considerable biocompatibility attributing to the inherent biological affinity of assembly units.By combining the advantages of assemble approach and nanostructures,the obtained FTFQ NPs greatly enhanced the bioavailability of Que and displayed synergistic therapeutic effects through reducing Aβaggregation in direct/indirect means and eliminating the toxicity induced by ROS and Aβoligomer/fibrils.Furthermore,FTFQ NPs could obviously restore the AD zebrafish’s mobility and stimulus response ability.More importantly,developing self-assembly NPs as MTDs could be an efficient and general method to promote other novel MTDs by extending the assemble units to other drugs,peptides,and metal ions.Based on above benefits,these self-assembled NPs could be as potential MTDs and show great promising application in AD treatment.
