The differences in the influences of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the air–sea CO2 fluxes (fCO2) in the North Atlantic (NA) between different seasons and between different regions are rarely fully investiga...The differences in the influences of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the air–sea CO2 fluxes (fCO2) in the North Atlantic (NA) between different seasons and between different regions are rarely fully investigated. We used observation-based data of fCO2, surface-ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2sea), wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) to analyze the relationship between the NAO and fCO2 of the subtropical and subpolar NA in winter and summer on the interannual time scale. Based on power spectrum estimation, there are significant interannual signs with a 2–6 year cycle in the NAO indexes and area-averaged fCO2 anomalies in winter and summer from 1980 to 2015. Regression analysis with the 2–6 year filtered data shows that on the interannual scale the response of the fCO2 anomalies to the NAO has an obvious meridional wave-train-like pattern in winter, but a zonal distribution in summer. This seasonal difference is because in winter the fCO2 anomalies are mainly controlled by the NAO-driven wind speed anomalies, which have a meridional distribution pattern, while in summer they are dominated by the NAO-driven SST anomalies, which show distinct zonal difference in the subtropical NA. In addition, in the same season, there are different factors controlling the variation of pCO2sea in different regions. In summer, SST is important to the interannual variation of pCO2sea in the subtropical NA, while some biogeochemical variables probably control the pCO2sea variation in the subpolar NA.展开更多
Objectives:Parvalbumin(PV)is the primary allergen found in fish and is highly conserved.According to some studies,some patients with fish allergy are allergic to only one species of fish but are tolerant to others;how...Objectives:Parvalbumin(PV)is the primary allergen found in fish and is highly conserved.According to some studies,some patients with fish allergy are allergic to only one species of fish but are tolerant to others;however,the underlying mechanism has not been identified.Materials and Methods:The cross-reactivity of these seven fish parvalbumins based on turbot PV-treated mice was determined using BALB/c mouse and RBL-2H3 cell models.Meanwhile,immunoinformatic tools were used to assess cross-reactivity.Results:The results indicated that the seven species of fishes(turbot,large yellow croaker,sea bass,grass carp,common carp,conger eel and Japanese eel)studied exhibited varying degrees of cross-reactivity,with the highest cross-reactivity being between turbot and bass and the lowest being between turbot and conger eel.The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the sequence homology of parvalbumin between conger eel and turbot was the lowest,which may account for the conger eel and turbot cross-reaction being so limited.Parvalbumin was a potent cross-reactive allergen found in turbot,large yellow croaker,sea bass,grass carp,common carp,conger eel and Japanese eel,and the cross-reactivity between conger eel and turbot parvalbumin was the weakest.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the cross-reactivity between conger eel PV and turbot PV was the weakest.展开更多
基金supported jointly by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFB0200800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41530426)
文摘The differences in the influences of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the air–sea CO2 fluxes (fCO2) in the North Atlantic (NA) between different seasons and between different regions are rarely fully investigated. We used observation-based data of fCO2, surface-ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2sea), wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) to analyze the relationship between the NAO and fCO2 of the subtropical and subpolar NA in winter and summer on the interannual time scale. Based on power spectrum estimation, there are significant interannual signs with a 2–6 year cycle in the NAO indexes and area-averaged fCO2 anomalies in winter and summer from 1980 to 2015. Regression analysis with the 2–6 year filtered data shows that on the interannual scale the response of the fCO2 anomalies to the NAO has an obvious meridional wave-train-like pattern in winter, but a zonal distribution in summer. This seasonal difference is because in winter the fCO2 anomalies are mainly controlled by the NAO-driven wind speed anomalies, which have a meridional distribution pattern, while in summer they are dominated by the NAO-driven SST anomalies, which show distinct zonal difference in the subtropical NA. In addition, in the same season, there are different factors controlling the variation of pCO2sea in different regions. In summer, SST is important to the interannual variation of pCO2sea in the subtropical NA, while some biogeochemical variables probably control the pCO2sea variation in the subpolar NA.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD0901704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31871719).
文摘Objectives:Parvalbumin(PV)is the primary allergen found in fish and is highly conserved.According to some studies,some patients with fish allergy are allergic to only one species of fish but are tolerant to others;however,the underlying mechanism has not been identified.Materials and Methods:The cross-reactivity of these seven fish parvalbumins based on turbot PV-treated mice was determined using BALB/c mouse and RBL-2H3 cell models.Meanwhile,immunoinformatic tools were used to assess cross-reactivity.Results:The results indicated that the seven species of fishes(turbot,large yellow croaker,sea bass,grass carp,common carp,conger eel and Japanese eel)studied exhibited varying degrees of cross-reactivity,with the highest cross-reactivity being between turbot and bass and the lowest being between turbot and conger eel.The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the sequence homology of parvalbumin between conger eel and turbot was the lowest,which may account for the conger eel and turbot cross-reaction being so limited.Parvalbumin was a potent cross-reactive allergen found in turbot,large yellow croaker,sea bass,grass carp,common carp,conger eel and Japanese eel,and the cross-reactivity between conger eel and turbot parvalbumin was the weakest.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the cross-reactivity between conger eel PV and turbot PV was the weakest.
