Alismatis Rhizoma(AR)is widely used in Chinese medicine,and its major bioactive components,triterpenes,reportedly possess various pharmacological activities.Therefore,it is very important to study the metabolism of tr...Alismatis Rhizoma(AR)is widely used in Chinese medicine,and its major bioactive components,triterpenes,reportedly possess various pharmacological activities.Therefore,it is very important to study the metabolism of triterpenes in vivo.However,the metabolism of AR triterpene extract has not been comprehensively elucidated due to its complex chemical components and metabolic pathways.In this study,an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method,which was based on the characteristic ions from an established database of known triterpenes,was used to analyze the major metabolites in rats following the oral administration of Alismatis Rhizoma extracts(ARE).As a result,a total of 233 constituents,with 85 prototype compounds and 148 metabolites,were identified for the first time.Hydrogenation,oxidation,sulfate and glucuronidation conjugation were the major metabolic pathways for triterpenes in AR.In addition,the mutual in vivo transformation of known ARE triterpenes was discovered and confirmed for the first time.Those results provide comprehensive insights into the metabolism of AR in vivo,which will be useful for future studies on its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.Moreover,this established strategy may be useful in metabolic studies of similar compounds.展开更多
In order to study the dynamic characteristics of a simply supported double-beam system under a moving mass,the system of fourth-order dynamic partial differential equations of a simply supported double-beam system was...In order to study the dynamic characteristics of a simply supported double-beam system under a moving mass,the system of fourth-order dynamic partial differential equations of a simply supported double-beam system was transformed into a system of second-order dynamic ordinary differential equations relative to time coordinates by performing the finite sin-Fourier Transform relative to space coordinates.And the analytical solution of the dynamic response of the simply supported double-beam system under a moving mass was obtained by solving the system of dynamic ordinary differential equations.The analytical method and ANSYS numerical method were used to calculate the dynamic responses of several simply supported double-beam systems under a moving mass at different speeds.The influences of inertial effect,mass movement speed,and Winkler-layer spring stiffness and damping on the dynamic responses of simply supported double-beam systems were analyzed.According to the study results,the analytical calculation results in this paper fit well with the ANSYS finite element numerical calculation results,demonstrating the rationality of the analytical method.The inertial effect has a significant influence on the dynamic response characteristics of the simply supported double-beam system.The simply supported double-beam system underwent several resonant speeds under a moving mass,and the Winkler-layer spring stiffness has a relatively significant effect on the vibration of the first beam.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of different turbulence flow models on scouring pit of bridge-pier. Flow-3D software is applied in line with the purpose. The key motivation for this study is...The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of different turbulence flow models on scouring pit of bridge-pier. Flow-3D software is applied in line with the purpose. The key motivation for this study is to contribute to the Flow-3D software by means of some modification and adjustment in the sediment scour model and shallow water model. An assessment of turbulence model adopted with the parameters of the Melville experiment to estimate the maximum scour-depth was performed. In the simulation results, the alternate eddy formation and shedding were repeated while the Karman vortex street formed behind the pier for the large eddy simulation LES turbulence model is more realistic in the flow phenomenon. The results of the scour development of large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model were found to be more satisfied than the Renormalized group (RNG) turbulence model and close to the prior experiment results. The simulated scour results were significantly different with the observed data collected from previous literature in the reason of some unsuitability of meshing method in Flow-3D software.展开更多
Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a severe complication of diabetes,characterized by changes in kidney structure and function.The natural product rosmarinic acid(RA)has demonstrated therapeutic effects,including anti-inflamm...Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a severe complication of diabetes,characterized by changes in kidney structure and function.The natural product rosmarinic acid(RA)has demonstrated therapeutic effects,including anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative-stress,in renal damage or dysfunction.In this study,we characterized the heterogeneity of the cellular response in kidneys to DN-induced injury and RA treatment at single cell levels.Our results demonstrated that RA significantly alleviated renal tubular epithelial injury,particularly in the proximal tubular S1 segment and on glomerular epithelial cells known as podocytes,while attenuating the inflammatory response of macrophages,oxidative stress,and cytotox-icity of natural killer cells.These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which RA alleviates kidney damage,oxidative stress,and inflammation,offering valuable guidance for the clinical application of RA in the treatment of DN.展开更多
Aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles(AIE NPs)are widely used in the biomedical field.However,understanding the biological process of AIE NPs via fluorescence imaging is challenging because of the strong backgrou...Aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles(AIE NPs)are widely used in the biomedical field.However,understanding the biological process of AIE NPs via fluorescence imaging is challenging because of the strong background and poor penetration depth.Herein,we present a novel dual-modality imaging strategy that combines fluorescence imaging and label-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(LDI MSI)to map and quantify the biodistribution of AIE NPs(TPAFN-F127 NPs)by monitoring the intrinsic photoluminescence and mass spectrometry signal of the AIE molecule.We discovered that TPAFN-F127 NPs were predominantly distributed in the liver and spleen,and most gradually excreted from the body after 5 days.The accumulation and retention of TPAFN-F127 NPs in tumor sites were also confirmed in a tumor-bearing mouse model.As a proof of concept,the suborgan distribution of TPAFN-F127 NPs in the spleen was visualized by LDI MSI,and the results revealed that TPAFN-F127 NPs were mainly distributed in the red pulp of the spleen with extremely high concentrations within the marginal zone.The in vivo toxicity test demonstrated that TPAFN-F127 NPs are nontoxic for a long-term exposure.This dual-modality imaging strategy provides some insights into the fine distribution of AIE NPs and might also be extended to other polymeric NPs to evaluate their distribution and drug release behaviors in vivo.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81803717 and U1603104).
文摘Alismatis Rhizoma(AR)is widely used in Chinese medicine,and its major bioactive components,triterpenes,reportedly possess various pharmacological activities.Therefore,it is very important to study the metabolism of triterpenes in vivo.However,the metabolism of AR triterpene extract has not been comprehensively elucidated due to its complex chemical components and metabolic pathways.In this study,an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method,which was based on the characteristic ions from an established database of known triterpenes,was used to analyze the major metabolites in rats following the oral administration of Alismatis Rhizoma extracts(ARE).As a result,a total of 233 constituents,with 85 prototype compounds and 148 metabolites,were identified for the first time.Hydrogenation,oxidation,sulfate and glucuronidation conjugation were the major metabolic pathways for triterpenes in AR.In addition,the mutual in vivo transformation of known ARE triterpenes was discovered and confirmed for the first time.Those results provide comprehensive insights into the metabolism of AR in vivo,which will be useful for future studies on its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.Moreover,this established strategy may be useful in metabolic studies of similar compounds.
基金The research described in this paper was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2018zzts189)the National Natural Science Foundations of China(51778630).
文摘In order to study the dynamic characteristics of a simply supported double-beam system under a moving mass,the system of fourth-order dynamic partial differential equations of a simply supported double-beam system was transformed into a system of second-order dynamic ordinary differential equations relative to time coordinates by performing the finite sin-Fourier Transform relative to space coordinates.And the analytical solution of the dynamic response of the simply supported double-beam system under a moving mass was obtained by solving the system of dynamic ordinary differential equations.The analytical method and ANSYS numerical method were used to calculate the dynamic responses of several simply supported double-beam systems under a moving mass at different speeds.The influences of inertial effect,mass movement speed,and Winkler-layer spring stiffness and damping on the dynamic responses of simply supported double-beam systems were analyzed.According to the study results,the analytical calculation results in this paper fit well with the ANSYS finite element numerical calculation results,demonstrating the rationality of the analytical method.The inertial effect has a significant influence on the dynamic response characteristics of the simply supported double-beam system.The simply supported double-beam system underwent several resonant speeds under a moving mass,and the Winkler-layer spring stiffness has a relatively significant effect on the vibration of the first beam.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of different turbulence flow models on scouring pit of bridge-pier. Flow-3D software is applied in line with the purpose. The key motivation for this study is to contribute to the Flow-3D software by means of some modification and adjustment in the sediment scour model and shallow water model. An assessment of turbulence model adopted with the parameters of the Melville experiment to estimate the maximum scour-depth was performed. In the simulation results, the alternate eddy formation and shedding were repeated while the Karman vortex street formed behind the pier for the large eddy simulation LES turbulence model is more realistic in the flow phenomenon. The results of the scour development of large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model were found to be more satisfied than the Renormalized group (RNG) turbulence model and close to the prior experiment results. The simulated scour results were significantly different with the observed data collected from previous literature in the reason of some unsuitability of meshing method in Flow-3D software.
基金This work was supported by the Establishment of Sino-Austria“Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine for Severe Infectious Diseases and Joint Research(2020YFE0205100,China)National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2020YFA0908000,2022YFC2303600)+6 种基金the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(grant number ZYYCXTD-C-202002,China)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82074098,81841001),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(grant number ZZ16-ND-10-23,ZZ15-ND-10,ZZ14-ND-010,ZZ14-FL-002,ZZ14-YQ-050,ZZ14-YQ-051,China)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(grant number JCYJ20210324115800001 and JCYJ20210324114014039,China)the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(B2302051,China)the Distinguished Expert Project of Sichuan Province Tianfu Scholar(CW202002,China)CACMS Innovation Fund(CI2023E002,CI2021A05101 and CI2021A05104,China)support from State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2023D003,CI2021B014,China).
文摘Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a severe complication of diabetes,characterized by changes in kidney structure and function.The natural product rosmarinic acid(RA)has demonstrated therapeutic effects,including anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative-stress,in renal damage or dysfunction.In this study,we characterized the heterogeneity of the cellular response in kidneys to DN-induced injury and RA treatment at single cell levels.Our results demonstrated that RA significantly alleviated renal tubular epithelial injury,particularly in the proximal tubular S1 segment and on glomerular epithelial cells known as podocytes,while attenuating the inflammatory response of macrophages,oxidative stress,and cytotox-icity of natural killer cells.These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which RA alleviates kidney damage,oxidative stress,and inflammation,offering valuable guidance for the clinical application of RA in the treatment of DN.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21788102).
文摘Aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles(AIE NPs)are widely used in the biomedical field.However,understanding the biological process of AIE NPs via fluorescence imaging is challenging because of the strong background and poor penetration depth.Herein,we present a novel dual-modality imaging strategy that combines fluorescence imaging and label-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(LDI MSI)to map and quantify the biodistribution of AIE NPs(TPAFN-F127 NPs)by monitoring the intrinsic photoluminescence and mass spectrometry signal of the AIE molecule.We discovered that TPAFN-F127 NPs were predominantly distributed in the liver and spleen,and most gradually excreted from the body after 5 days.The accumulation and retention of TPAFN-F127 NPs in tumor sites were also confirmed in a tumor-bearing mouse model.As a proof of concept,the suborgan distribution of TPAFN-F127 NPs in the spleen was visualized by LDI MSI,and the results revealed that TPAFN-F127 NPs were mainly distributed in the red pulp of the spleen with extremely high concentrations within the marginal zone.The in vivo toxicity test demonstrated that TPAFN-F127 NPs are nontoxic for a long-term exposure.This dual-modality imaging strategy provides some insights into the fine distribution of AIE NPs and might also be extended to other polymeric NPs to evaluate their distribution and drug release behaviors in vivo.
