AIM:To study the effect of the NLRP3/autophagy pathway on the photoreceptor inflammatory response and the protective mechanism of CY-09 and astaxanthin(AST).METHODS:ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected NaIO_(3),CY...AIM:To study the effect of the NLRP3/autophagy pathway on the photoreceptor inflammatory response and the protective mechanism of CY-09 and astaxanthin(AST).METHODS:ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected NaIO_(3),CY-09,AST successively and divided into 5 groups,including the control,NaIO_(3),NaIO_(3)+CY-09,NaIO_(3)+AST,and NaIO_(3)+CY-09+AST groups.Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and flash electroretinogram were examined and the retina tissues were harvested for immunohistochemistry,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Western blotting.Retinal pigment epithelium cell line(ARPE-19 cells)and mouse photoreceptor cells line(661W cells)were also treated with NaIO_(3),CY-09,and AST successively.Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Changes in autophagosome morphology were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)was used to detect NLRP3 and caspase-1.NLRP3,caspase-1,cleaved caspase-1,p62,Beclin-1,and LC3 protein levels were measured by Western blotting.IL-1βand IL-18 were measured by ELISA.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the activity of NaIO_(3)-treated 661W cells decreased within 24 and 48h,apoptosis increased,NLRP3,caspase-1,IL-1βand IL-18 levels increased,and autophagy-related protein levels increased(P<0.05).Compared with NaIO_(3) group,CY-09 and AST inhibited apoptosis(P<0.05),reduced NLRP3,caspase-1,IL-1βand IL-18 expression(P<0.05),and inhibited autophagy.Compared with the other groups,CY-09 combined with AST significantly decreased NLRP3 expression and inhibited the expression of the autophagy-related proteins p62,Beclin-1,and LC3 in vitro and in vivo(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:CY-09 and AST inhibit NaIO_(3)-induced inflammatory damage through the NLRP3/autophagy pathway in vitro and in vivo.CY-09 and AST may protect retina from inflammatory injury.展开更多
Retinal degenerative diseases were a large group of diseases characterized by the primary death of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Recent studies had shown an interaction between autophagy and nucleotide-binding oligomer...Retinal degenerative diseases were a large group of diseases characterized by the primary death of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Recent studies had shown an interaction between autophagy and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3(NLRP3)inflammasomes,which may affect RGCs in retinal degenerative diseases.The NLRP3 inflammasome was a protein complex that,upon activation,produces caspase-1,mediating the apoptosis of retinal cells and promoting the occurrence and development of retinal degenerative diseases.Upregulated autophagy could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation,while inhibited autophagy can promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation,which leaded to the accelerated emergence of drusen and lipofuscin deposition under the neurosensory retina.The activated NLRP3 inflammasome could further inhibit autophagy,thus forming a vicious cycle that accelerated the damage and death of RGCs.This review discussed the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy and its effects on RGCs in age-related macular degeneration,providing a new perspective and direction for the treatment of retinal diseases.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of self-management ability in dry eye patients in west China.METHODS:A total of 265 patients clinically diagnosed with dry eye received a convenience su...AIM:To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of self-management ability in dry eye patients in west China.METHODS:A total of 265 patients clinically diagnosed with dry eye received a convenience survey questionnaire at West China Hospital of Sichuan University.All participants completed the rating scale of health self-management skill for adults(AHSMSRS),Huaxi Emotional-Distress Index(HEI),e-health literacy scale(e-HEALS)and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire(Brief-IPQ).A generalized linear model was employed to establish a multivariate linear model with demographic data,psychological state,e-HEALS,and illness perception as independent variables and health selfmanagement skill score as the dependent variable.RESULTS:The mean score for health self-management skill was 165.58±15.79.Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age,better illness perception and improved psychological state were associated with better health selfmanagement ability among dry eye patients.Furthermore,the health self-management ability of patients with a disease duration less than 1y was found to be higher compared to those with a disease duration exceeding 1y.CONCLUSION:The health self-management ability of dry eye patients in west China is relatively high.Age,duration of disease,illness perception and psychological state are the influencing factors on the health selfmanagement ability of dry eye patients.展开更多
AIM:To explore the correlation between diabetic retinopathy(DR)and Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection,based on data from a physical examination population.METHODS:This cross-sectional retrospective analysis included dat...AIM:To explore the correlation between diabetic retinopathy(DR)and Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection,based on data from a physical examination population.METHODS:This cross-sectional retrospective analysis included data of 73824 health examination participants from December 2018 to December 2019.Participants were divided into the diabetic group and non-diabetic group,nondiabetic retinopathy(NDR)group,non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group,proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)group,and Hp infection group.Gender,age,body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and Hp data were recorded to compare the degree of DR lesions and Hp infection.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between DR and Hp infection.RESULTS:There was a statistically significant difference between the diabetic and non-diabetic group(χ2=94.17,P<0.0001).Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex,age,BMI,SBP,TG,LDL-C,and Hp infection were independent risk factors for DR.There was no correlation between the degree of DR lesions and Hp infection(ρ=-0.00339,P=0.7753).Age[odds ratio(OR)=1.035,95%CI:1.024,1.046,P<0.0001]and SBP(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.004,1.015,P=0.0013)were independent risk factors for the degree of DR.CONCLUSION:There is a significant correlation between DR and Hp infection in the physical examination population.Hp infection is a risk factor for DR,and there is no significant difference between Hp infection and DR of different pathological degrees.Actively eradicating Hp may be of help to prevent DR.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a diabetic complication that can severely affect the patients’vision,eventually leading to blindness.DR is the most important manifestation of diabetic micro-vasculopathy and is ...BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a diabetic complication that can severely affect the patients’vision,eventually leading to blindness.DR is the most important manifestation of diabetic micro-vasculopathy and is mainly related to the course of diabetes and the degree of blood glucose control,while the age of diabetes onset,sex,and type of diabetes have little influence on it.AIM To explore the changes in blood oxygen saturation and oxidative stress indices of retinal vessels in patients with DR.METHODS In total,94 patients(94 eyes)with DR(DR group)diagnosed at Jianyang people’s Hospital between March 2019 and June 2020,and 100 volunteers(100 eyes)(control group)without eye diseases,were included in this study.Arterial and venous blood oxygen saturation,retinal arteriovenous vessel diameter,and serum oxidative stress indicators in the two groups were compared.Based on the stage of the disease,the DR group was divided into the simple DR and proliferative DR groups for stratified analysis.RESULTS The oxygen saturation of the retinal vessels in the DR group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The retinal vessel diameters between the DR and control groups were not significantly different.The serum malondialdehyde(MDA)and 8-hydroxydehydroguanosine(8-OHdG)levels in the DR group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)and reduced glutathione(GSH)levels in the DR group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The oxygensaturation of the retinal vessels in the patients with proliferative DR was significantly higher thanthat in the patients with simple DR (P < 0.05). The retinal vessel diameter in patients with proliferativeDR was not significantly different from that of patients with simple DR (P > 0.05). SerumMDA and 8-OHdG levels in patients with proliferative DR were significantly higher than those inpatients with simple DR (P < 0.05). Serum SOD and GSH levels in patients with proliferative DRwere significantly lower than those in patients with simple DR (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONIncreased blood oxygen saturation of retinal arteries and veins and increased oxidative stressdamage in patients with DR may be associated with decreased retinal capillary permeability andarterial oxygen dispersion, possibly reflecting the patient’s condition.展开更多
A typical approach involving Pechini method and spark plasma sintering （SPS） method was presented for the preparation of high density Li5＋xSrxLa3_xBi2012 （x = 0, 1） ceramics. Phase formation, microstructure, grai...A typical approach involving Pechini method and spark plasma sintering （SPS） method was presented for the preparation of high density Li5＋xSrxLa3_xBi2012 （x = 0, 1） ceramics. Phase formation, microstructure, grain size and electrical properties of the specimens were examined using XRD, SEM and alternating current impedance spectro- scopy （ACIS）. Dense LisLa3Bi2012 and LisSrLa2Bi2012 ceramics with pure garnet-like phase, relative density of 97% and average grain size of about 5 pm were fabricated using this approach. The total conductivities at 298 K of Li5La3Bi2012 and LisSrLa2Bi2O12 ceramics prepared by the SPS method are 5.1 Qian-Feng FANG105 and 6.810SS/cm, respectively, 2 times higher than that of samples prepared by the conventional sintering method.展开更多
Garnet-like Li6.8La3Zr1.8Bi0.2O12 （LLZBO） ＋ x mol.% Al2O3 （x = 0, 1.25, 2.50） lithium ionic electrolytes were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method under two different sintering temperatures of 100...Garnet-like Li6.8La3Zr1.8Bi0.2O12 （LLZBO） ＋ x mol.% Al2O3 （x = 0, 1.25, 2.50） lithium ionic electrolytes were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method under two different sintering temperatures of 1000℃ and 1100℃. XPS, induced coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer （ICP-OES）, XRD and AC impedance spectroscopy were applied to investigate the bismuth valance, lithium concentration, phase structure and lithium ionic conductivity, respectively. Electrical measurement demonstrated that ionic conductivity of AI-added LLZBO compounds could be obviously improved when the sample sintering temperature increased from 1000℃ to 1100℃. The highest ionic conductivity 6.3×10-S/cm was obtained in the LLZBO-1.25%AI sample sintered at 1100℃, in consistent with the lowest activation energy 0.45eV for the lithium ion migration. The mechanism related with good ionic conductivity in the AI-added LLZBO sample was attributed to the lattice distortion induced by the partial AI substitution at Zr sites, which is helpful to improve the migration ability of Li ions in lattice.展开更多
A novel micro-vibration sensitive-type high-damping AI matrix composites reinforced with Li7-xLa3Zr2-xNbxO12 （LLZNO, x = 0.25） was designed and prepared using an advanced spark plasma sintering （SPS） technique. Th...A novel micro-vibration sensitive-type high-damping AI matrix composites reinforced with Li7-xLa3Zr2-xNbxO12 （LLZNO, x = 0.25） was designed and prepared using an advanced spark plasma sintering （SPS） technique. The damping capacity and mechanical properties of LLZNO/AI composites （LLZNO content： 0-40 wt.%） were found to be greatly improved by the LLZNO addition. The maximum damping capacity and the ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of LLZNO/AI composite can be respectively up to 0.033 and 101.2 MPa in the case of 20 wt.% LLZNO addition. The enhancement of damping and mechanical properties of the composites was ascribed to the intrinsic high-damping capacity and strengthening effects of hard LLZNO particulate. This investigation provides a new insight to sensitively suppress micro-vibration of payloads in the aerospace environment.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Project(No.2018YFC1106103)Project of Sichuan Medical Association(No.S22058).
文摘AIM:To study the effect of the NLRP3/autophagy pathway on the photoreceptor inflammatory response and the protective mechanism of CY-09 and astaxanthin(AST).METHODS:ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected NaIO_(3),CY-09,AST successively and divided into 5 groups,including the control,NaIO_(3),NaIO_(3)+CY-09,NaIO_(3)+AST,and NaIO_(3)+CY-09+AST groups.Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and flash electroretinogram were examined and the retina tissues were harvested for immunohistochemistry,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Western blotting.Retinal pigment epithelium cell line(ARPE-19 cells)and mouse photoreceptor cells line(661W cells)were also treated with NaIO_(3),CY-09,and AST successively.Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Changes in autophagosome morphology were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)was used to detect NLRP3 and caspase-1.NLRP3,caspase-1,cleaved caspase-1,p62,Beclin-1,and LC3 protein levels were measured by Western blotting.IL-1βand IL-18 were measured by ELISA.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the activity of NaIO_(3)-treated 661W cells decreased within 24 and 48h,apoptosis increased,NLRP3,caspase-1,IL-1βand IL-18 levels increased,and autophagy-related protein levels increased(P<0.05).Compared with NaIO_(3) group,CY-09 and AST inhibited apoptosis(P<0.05),reduced NLRP3,caspase-1,IL-1βand IL-18 expression(P<0.05),and inhibited autophagy.Compared with the other groups,CY-09 combined with AST significantly decreased NLRP3 expression and inhibited the expression of the autophagy-related proteins p62,Beclin-1,and LC3 in vitro and in vivo(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:CY-09 and AST inhibit NaIO_(3)-induced inflammatory damage through the NLRP3/autophagy pathway in vitro and in vivo.CY-09 and AST may protect retina from inflammatory injury.
基金Supported by the Project of Sichuan Medical Association (No.S22058)National Key R&D Project (No.2018YFC1106103).
文摘Retinal degenerative diseases were a large group of diseases characterized by the primary death of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Recent studies had shown an interaction between autophagy and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3(NLRP3)inflammasomes,which may affect RGCs in retinal degenerative diseases.The NLRP3 inflammasome was a protein complex that,upon activation,produces caspase-1,mediating the apoptosis of retinal cells and promoting the occurrence and development of retinal degenerative diseases.Upregulated autophagy could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation,while inhibited autophagy can promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation,which leaded to the accelerated emergence of drusen and lipofuscin deposition under the neurosensory retina.The activated NLRP3 inflammasome could further inhibit autophagy,thus forming a vicious cycle that accelerated the damage and death of RGCs.This review discussed the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy and its effects on RGCs in age-related macular degeneration,providing a new perspective and direction for the treatment of retinal diseases.
文摘AIM:To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of self-management ability in dry eye patients in west China.METHODS:A total of 265 patients clinically diagnosed with dry eye received a convenience survey questionnaire at West China Hospital of Sichuan University.All participants completed the rating scale of health self-management skill for adults(AHSMSRS),Huaxi Emotional-Distress Index(HEI),e-health literacy scale(e-HEALS)and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire(Brief-IPQ).A generalized linear model was employed to establish a multivariate linear model with demographic data,psychological state,e-HEALS,and illness perception as independent variables and health selfmanagement skill score as the dependent variable.RESULTS:The mean score for health self-management skill was 165.58±15.79.Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age,better illness perception and improved psychological state were associated with better health selfmanagement ability among dry eye patients.Furthermore,the health self-management ability of patients with a disease duration less than 1y was found to be higher compared to those with a disease duration exceeding 1y.CONCLUSION:The health self-management ability of dry eye patients in west China is relatively high.Age,duration of disease,illness perception and psychological state are the influencing factors on the health selfmanagement ability of dry eye patients.
基金Supported by The Project of National Key Research and Development(No.2018YFC1106103)。
文摘AIM:To explore the correlation between diabetic retinopathy(DR)and Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection,based on data from a physical examination population.METHODS:This cross-sectional retrospective analysis included data of 73824 health examination participants from December 2018 to December 2019.Participants were divided into the diabetic group and non-diabetic group,nondiabetic retinopathy(NDR)group,non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group,proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)group,and Hp infection group.Gender,age,body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and Hp data were recorded to compare the degree of DR lesions and Hp infection.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between DR and Hp infection.RESULTS:There was a statistically significant difference between the diabetic and non-diabetic group(χ2=94.17,P<0.0001).Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex,age,BMI,SBP,TG,LDL-C,and Hp infection were independent risk factors for DR.There was no correlation between the degree of DR lesions and Hp infection(ρ=-0.00339,P=0.7753).Age[odds ratio(OR)=1.035,95%CI:1.024,1.046,P<0.0001]and SBP(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.004,1.015,P=0.0013)were independent risk factors for the degree of DR.CONCLUSION:There is a significant correlation between DR and Hp infection in the physical examination population.Hp infection is a risk factor for DR,and there is no significant difference between Hp infection and DR of different pathological degrees.Actively eradicating Hp may be of help to prevent DR.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a diabetic complication that can severely affect the patients’vision,eventually leading to blindness.DR is the most important manifestation of diabetic micro-vasculopathy and is mainly related to the course of diabetes and the degree of blood glucose control,while the age of diabetes onset,sex,and type of diabetes have little influence on it.AIM To explore the changes in blood oxygen saturation and oxidative stress indices of retinal vessels in patients with DR.METHODS In total,94 patients(94 eyes)with DR(DR group)diagnosed at Jianyang people’s Hospital between March 2019 and June 2020,and 100 volunteers(100 eyes)(control group)without eye diseases,were included in this study.Arterial and venous blood oxygen saturation,retinal arteriovenous vessel diameter,and serum oxidative stress indicators in the two groups were compared.Based on the stage of the disease,the DR group was divided into the simple DR and proliferative DR groups for stratified analysis.RESULTS The oxygen saturation of the retinal vessels in the DR group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The retinal vessel diameters between the DR and control groups were not significantly different.The serum malondialdehyde(MDA)and 8-hydroxydehydroguanosine(8-OHdG)levels in the DR group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)and reduced glutathione(GSH)levels in the DR group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The oxygensaturation of the retinal vessels in the patients with proliferative DR was significantly higher thanthat in the patients with simple DR (P < 0.05). The retinal vessel diameter in patients with proliferativeDR was not significantly different from that of patients with simple DR (P > 0.05). SerumMDA and 8-OHdG levels in patients with proliferative DR were significantly higher than those inpatients with simple DR (P < 0.05). Serum SOD and GSH levels in patients with proliferative DRwere significantly lower than those in patients with simple DR (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONIncreased blood oxygen saturation of retinal arteries and veins and increased oxidative stressdamage in patients with DR may be associated with decreased retinal capillary permeability andarterial oxygen dispersion, possibly reflecting the patient’s condition.
文摘A typical approach involving Pechini method and spark plasma sintering （SPS） method was presented for the preparation of high density Li5＋xSrxLa3_xBi2012 （x = 0, 1） ceramics. Phase formation, microstructure, grain size and electrical properties of the specimens were examined using XRD, SEM and alternating current impedance spectro- scopy （ACIS）. Dense LisLa3Bi2012 and LisSrLa2Bi2012 ceramics with pure garnet-like phase, relative density of 97% and average grain size of about 5 pm were fabricated using this approach. The total conductivities at 298 K of Li5La3Bi2012 and LisSrLa2Bi2O12 ceramics prepared by the SPS method are 5.1 Qian-Feng FANG105 and 6.810SS/cm, respectively, 2 times higher than that of samples prepared by the conventional sintering method.
基金Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 11374299, 11405203 and 51401203）.
文摘Garnet-like Li6.8La3Zr1.8Bi0.2O12 （LLZBO） ＋ x mol.% Al2O3 （x = 0, 1.25, 2.50） lithium ionic electrolytes were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method under two different sintering temperatures of 1000℃ and 1100℃. XPS, induced coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer （ICP-OES）, XRD and AC impedance spectroscopy were applied to investigate the bismuth valance, lithium concentration, phase structure and lithium ionic conductivity, respectively. Electrical measurement demonstrated that ionic conductivity of AI-added LLZBO compounds could be obviously improved when the sample sintering temperature increased from 1000℃ to 1100℃. The highest ionic conductivity 6.3×10-S/cm was obtained in the LLZBO-1.25%AI sample sintered at 1100℃, in consistent with the lowest activation energy 0.45eV for the lithium ion migration. The mechanism related with good ionic conductivity in the AI-added LLZBO sample was attributed to the lattice distortion induced by the partial AI substitution at Zr sites, which is helpful to improve the migration ability of Li ions in lattice.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51401203, 11274309, 11274305, and 11374299）.
文摘A novel micro-vibration sensitive-type high-damping AI matrix composites reinforced with Li7-xLa3Zr2-xNbxO12 （LLZNO, x = 0.25） was designed and prepared using an advanced spark plasma sintering （SPS） technique. The damping capacity and mechanical properties of LLZNO/AI composites （LLZNO content： 0-40 wt.%） were found to be greatly improved by the LLZNO addition. The maximum damping capacity and the ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of LLZNO/AI composite can be respectively up to 0.033 and 101.2 MPa in the case of 20 wt.% LLZNO addition. The enhancement of damping and mechanical properties of the composites was ascribed to the intrinsic high-damping capacity and strengthening effects of hard LLZNO particulate. This investigation provides a new insight to sensitively suppress micro-vibration of payloads in the aerospace environment.
